契
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]契 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手竹大 (QHK), four-corner 57432, composition ⿱㓞大(GHTKV) or ⿱𭃌大(J))
Derived characters
[edit]- 偰, 喫, 𭛸, 𢝛, 揳, 𣸲, 猰, 楔, 𤋸, 𤧃, 𦝜, 碶, 禊, 稧, 褉, 𦩣, 𧩶, 䝟, 𧼪, 𨂰, 鍥(锲), 𩴅, 䱮
- 㓶, 𨜒, 䚉(𬢐), 𨜣, 䫔, 𪃈, 㝣, 葜, 𪰳, 窫, 𩮁, 𤟐, 瘈, 䦬
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 251, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5917
- Dae Jaweon: page 513, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 536, character 10
- Unihan data for U+5951
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 契 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
Old Chinese | |
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夆 | *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds |
丯 | *kreːds |
瘛 | *kʰjeds, *ɡeːds, *kʰjed |
觢 | *ɡjeds |
契 | *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd |
栔 | *kʰeːds |
禊 | *ɡeːds |
稧 | *ɡeːds |
楔 | *kreːd, *sqʰeːd |
葜 | *kʰreːd |
猰 | *qreːd, *kraːd, *kʰeːd |
窫 | *qreːd |
揳 | *sqʰeːd |
偰 | *sqʰeːd |
潔 | *keːd |
絜 | *keːd, *ɡeːd |
鍥 | *keːd, *kʰeːd |
挈 | *kʰeːd |
蛪 | *kʰeːd |
齧 | *ŋeːd |
褉 | *qʰeːd |
喫 | *ŋ̊ʰeːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd) and ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : phonetic 㓞 (, “to engrave”) + semantic 大 (“person”).
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 契 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 契 | |
alternative forms | 栔 |
Exopassive of 鍥 (OC *keːd, *kʰeːd, “to cut”): "what has been cut" (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cì
- Wade–Giles: chʻi4
- Yale: chì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
- Palladius: ци (ci)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kai3
- Yale: kai
- Cantonese Pinyin: kai3
- Guangdong Romanization: kei3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: kai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰai³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khie
- Hakka Romanization System: kie
- Hagfa Pinyim: kie4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯e⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- khòe - vernacular;
- khè - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: koi3 / ki3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khòi / khì
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰoi²¹³/, /kʰi²¹³/
- Middle Chinese: khejH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤet-s/, /*kʰˤet/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːds/
Definitions
[edit]契
- contract; deed
- to agree; to conform with; to tally with
- (literary) to carve; to engrave
- (literary) carved writing; engraved writing
- (Cantonese, Southern Min) adopted; adoptive; foster; sworn; nominal
- (Cantonese) to form a nominal kinship with; to adopt
- 1952, 唐龍, directed by 潘炳權, 契爺艷史 [Foster-Daddy's Romantic Affairs][2], spoken by 阿紅 (紅線女 [Hung Sin Nui]):
Compounds
[edit]- 上契
- 丹書鐵契/丹书铁契
- 主契約/主契约
- 亞米契斯/亚米契斯
- 交契
- 佃契
- 借契
- 冥契
- 勞動契約/劳动契约
- 參同契/参同契
- 合契若神
- 同窗契友
- 單務契約/单务契约
- 團契/团契 (tuánqì)
- 地契 (dìqì)
- 壓契/压契
- 契刀
- 契分
- 契券 (qìquàn)
- 契勘
- 契友
- 契合 (qìhé)
- 契合金蘭/契合金兰
- 契哥 (qìgē)
- 契契
- 契姐
- 契妹
- 契媽/契妈
- 契尾
- 契弟 (qìdì)
- 契據/契据 (qìjù)
- 契文
- 契文舉例/契文举例
- 契機/契机 (qìjī)
- 契父 (qìfù)
- 契爸
- 契爺/契爷
- 契稅/契税
- 契箭
- 契約/契约 (qìyuē)
- 契約書/契约书 (qìyuēshū)
- 契約說/契约说
- 契約農業/契约农业
- 契若金蘭/契若金兰
- 契重 (qìzhòng)
- 契需
- 姻契
- 官契
- 宓契爾/宓契尔
- 工作契約/工作契约
- 左契
- 心契
- 忘年之契
- 忘形之契
- 房契 (fángqì)
- 投契 (tóuqì)
- 承攬契約/承揽契约
- 文契
- 書契/书契 (shūqì)
- 有償契約/有偿契约
- 有名契約/有名契约
- 欠契
- 死契
- 殷墟書契
- 殷契
- 水乳之契
- 活契
- 無償契約/无偿契约
- 田契 (tiánqì)
- 白契 (báiqì)
- 相契
- 知契
- 磚契/砖契
- 社會契約/社会契约
- 神會心契/神会心契
- 租契 (zūqì)
- 租賃契約/租赁契约
- 稅契/税契
- 立契 (lìqì)
- 符契
- 紅契/红契 (hóngqì)
- 絕契/绝契
- 結契/结契
- 老契
- 至交契友
- 莫逆之契
- 虛錢實契/虚钱实契
- 衿契
- 賣契/卖契
- 賢契/贤契
- 賣身契/卖身契 (màishēnqì)
- 道契
- 隨意契約/随意契约
- 雙務契約/双务契约
- 驗契/验契
- 默契 (mòqì)
Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 契 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 契 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cì
- Wade–Giles: chʻi4
- Yale: chì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
- Palladius: ци (ci)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kit3 / sit3 / hat1 / kai2
- Yale: kit / sit / hāt / kái
- Cantonese Pinyin: kit8 / sit8 / hat7 / kai2
- Guangdong Romanization: kid3 / xid3 / hed1 / kei2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiːt̚³/, /siːt̚³/, /hɐt̚⁵/, /kʰɐi̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khit
- Tâi-lô: khit
- Phofsit Daibuun: qid
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Middle Chinese: khj+t
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯd/
Definitions
[edit]契
Etymology 3
[edit]trad. | 契 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 契 | |
alternative forms | 偰 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siè
- Wade–Giles: hsieh4
- Yale: syè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieh
- Palladius: се (se)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sit3
- Yale: sit
- Cantonese Pinyin: sit8
- Guangdong Romanization: xid3
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siat
- Tâi-lô: siat
- Phofsit Daibuun: siad
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛt̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: siêg4 / siag4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siek / siak
- Sinological IPA (key): /siek̚²/, /siak̚²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Definitions
[edit]契
- Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)
Etymology 4
[edit]trad. | 契 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 契 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciè
- Wade–Giles: chʻieh4
- Yale: chyè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chieh
- Palladius: це (ce)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kit3
- Yale: kit
- Cantonese Pinyin: kit8
- Guangdong Romanization: kid3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiat
- Tâi-lô: khiat
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiad
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛt̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kiêg4 / kiag4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiek / khiak
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiek̚²/, /kʰiak̚²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Middle Chinese: khet
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤet/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːd/
Definitions
[edit]契
- † Used in 契闊/契阔 (qièkuò, “assiduous; separate; etc.”).
- † Alternative form of 挈 (“to take; to carry”)
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00864
- “契”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 契 | |
Kyūjitai [1][2][3] |
契 契 or 契+ ︀ ?
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契󠄁 契+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
契󠄅 契+ 󠄅 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
契󠄂 契+ 󠄂 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
||
契󠄄 契+ 󠄄 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khejH); compare Mandarin 契 (qì):
From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khet); compare Mandarin 契 (qiè):
From Middle Chinese 契 (MC set); compare Mandarin 契 (xiè):
From native Japanese roots:
- Kun: ちぎる (chigiru, 契る, Jōyō)、あう (au, 契う)←あふ (afu, 契ふ, historical)、ちぎり (chigiri, 契り)、きざむ (kizamu, 契む)、わりふ (warifu, 契)
- Nanori: ちぎり (chigiri)、ちぎる (chigiru)、ひさ (hisa)
Compounds
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
References
[edit]- ^ “契”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
- ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, , page 606 (paper), page 353 (digital)
- ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, , page 386 (paper), page 206 (digital)
Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khejH).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 콍〮 (Yale: khyéy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 계〯 (kyěy) (Yale: kyěy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kje̞(ː)] ~ [ke̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [계(ː)/게(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]- hanja form? of 계 (“contract, bond; deed; engrave”)
- hanja form? of 계 (“a Korean rotating savings and credit association”)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khet).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 켜ᇙ〮 (Yale: khyélq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Early Modern Korean 결 (Yale: kyel) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kjʌ̹ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [결]
Hanja
[edit]契 (eumhun 애쓸 결 (aesseul gyeol))
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khj+t).
- Recorded as Early Modern Korean 글 (Yale: kul) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.
Hanja
[edit]契 (eumhun 부족 이름 글 (bujok ireum geul))
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]From Middle Chinese 契 (MC set).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 셔ᇙ〮 (Yale: syélq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Early Modern Korean 셜 (Yale: syel) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.
Hanja
[edit]契 (eumhun 사람 이름 설 (saram ireum seol))
- hanja form? of 설 (“used in personal names”)
- (historical) hanja form? of 설 (“Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)”)
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
- Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 23. [5]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]契: Hán Nôm readings: khế, khé, khè, khía, khít, khẻ, khẽ, khịt
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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