사람

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Korean

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle Korean 사〯ᄅᆞᆷ (sǎlòm), first attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례)[1], 1446.

From earlier Old Korean 人音 (*SALOm), first attested in the “Suhui gongdeokga” (隨喜功德歌 / 수희공덕가), before 973. The word is also attested as Old Korean 人米 in the same source.

The Middle Korean form, 사〯ᄅᆞᆷ (Yale: sǎlòm), is analyzed as a derived substantive of 살〯다〮 (Yale: sǎl-tá, “to live”) with ᄋᆞᆷ (Yale: -om, nominalizer) (> modern (eum)), and thus literally meant "one who is alive".[1] It is no longer perceived as a derived noun by modern speakers. Doublet of (sam).

Cognate with Jeju 사름 (sareum).

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈsʰa̠(ː)ɾa̠m]
    • Audio:(file)
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?saram
Revised Romanization (translit.)?salam
McCune–Reischauer?saram
Yale Romanization?sālam
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: / 사 / 사

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the second syllable, and also heightens the subsequent suffixed syllable.

Noun

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사람 (saram)

  1. human being, person
    Synonyms: 인간(人間) (in'gan, human being), (honorific) (bun), (dated or formal) (i)
    그러면 어떤 사람 되는 ?
    Geureomyeon nae-ga eotteon saram-i doeneun geo-gess-eo?
    What kind of person would I be then?
    영국 사람Yeongguk saramA British person
    미국 사람Miguk saramAn American person
  2. (law) a person (encompassing both legal and natural persons)
    Synonym: 인(人) (in)
    Hyponyms: 법인(法人) (beobin, legal person), 자연인(自然人) (jayeonin, natural person)

Derived terms

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See also

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Counter

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사람 (saram)

  1. counter for people
    Synonym: 명(名) (myeong)
    학생 사람haksaeng se saramthree students

References

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  1. ^ Lee, Ki-Moon, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 176