龜

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See also: 龟 and 亀
龜 U+9F9C, 龜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F9C
← 龛
[U+9F9B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 龝 →
[U+9F9D]
⿔ U+2FD4, ⿔
KANGXI RADICAL TURTLE
← ⿓
[U+2FD3] 		Kangxi Radicals ⿕ →
[U+2FD5]
⻱ U+2EF1, ⻱
CJK RADICAL TURTLE
← ⻰
[U+2EF0] 		CJK Radicals Supplement ⻲ →
[U+2EF2]

龜 U+F907, 龜
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F907
← 句
[U+F906] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 龜 →
[U+F908]

龜 U+F908, 龜
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F908
← 龜
[U+F907] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 契 →
[U+F909]

龜 U+FACE, 龜
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FACE
← 鬒
[U+FACD] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 𢡊 →
[U+FACF]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
Stroke order
(Hong Kong)
Stroke order
(alternative)
Traditional 龜
Shinjitai 亀
Simplified 龟

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 213 龜

龜 (Kangxi radical 213, 龜+0, 18 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 16 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 竹月尸尸 (HBSS) or 弓難山 (NXU), four-corner 27117, composition ⿱⺈⿹⿷⿻冂⿰一⿺乚⺊⿼コ㐅𢑑(H) or ⿱⺈⿻⿻冂⿰一⿺乚⺊⿻コ⿴⿹𠃌⺕㐅(G) or ⿱丿⿻⿻冂⿰一⿺乚⺊⿻コ⿴⿹𠃌⺕㐅)

  1. Kangxi radical #213, ⿔.

Derived characters

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1537, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48847
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2078, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4809, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+9F9C

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 龜
simp. 龟
alternative forms
亀
𪚧
𪚿
𪚨
𪚦
亀
𪚧
𪚿
𪚨
𪚦
𬺞
 

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 龜
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (龜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鬮 *kʷɯ, *kʷruʔ
龜 *kʷɯ, *kʷrɯ

Pictogram (象形) : A drawing of a turtle seen from the side and from above (Bronze inscriptions).

Etymology 1

[edit]

Austroasiatic. Compare Mon ဂွိ (gwi, “soft-shell turtle”), Nyah Kur ทะวี่ʔ (tha wìiʼ, “soft-shell turtle”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • ku - vernacular;
  • kui - literary.
Note:
  • 1jy - vernacular;
  • 1kue - literary.
Rime
Character 龜
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 脂 (18)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居追切
Baxter kwij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠiuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷᵚi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiuɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kjwi/
Li
Rong 		/kjui/
Wang
Li 		/kwi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kwi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 龜
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kwij ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʷrə/
English tortoise

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 龜
Reading # 2/2
No. 4616
Phonetic
component 		龜
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		龜
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷrɯ/

Definitions

[edit]

龜

  1. turtle; tortoise (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
  2. (figurative) cuckold
  3. (Cantonese, humorous) signature (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
    畫隻龜／画只龟 [Cantonese]  ―  waak6 zek3 gwai1 [Jyutping]  ―  (humorous) to sign (literally, “to draw a turtle”)
    潦隻龜／潦只龟 [Cantonese]  ―  liu2 zek3 gwai1 [Jyutping]  ―  (humorous) to sign (literally, “to doodle a turtle”)
  4. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) police
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (tortoise):
Dialectal synonyms of 烏龜 (“tortoise; turtle”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 龜
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 烏龜
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 烏龜
Taiwan 烏龜
Ulanhot 烏龜
Tongliao 烏龜
Chifeng 烏龜, 王八
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 烏龜
Harbin 龜
Shenyang 烏龜
Malaysia 烏龜
Singapore 烏龜
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 龜子
Jinan 烏龜
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 鱉
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 烏龜
Xi'an 烏龜, 龜
Xining 烏龜, 龜, 王八
Xuzhou 烏龜, 龜
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 鱉蓋, 鱉
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 烏龜, 龜
Bayanhot 烏龜
Lanzhou 龜, 烏龜
Ürümqi 烏龜
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 烏龜
Wuhan 烏龜, 四腳爬, 爬爬
Guiyang 烏龜
Kunming 烏龜
Guilin 烏龜
Liuzhou 烏龜
Dagudi (Maliba) 烏龜
Reshuitang (Longling) 烏龜
Mae Salong (Lancang) 烏龜
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 烏龜
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 烏龜
Yangzhou 烏龜, 龜
Hefei 烏龜
Huanggang 王八
Cantonese Guangzhou 烏龜, 龜
Hong Kong 烏龜, 龜
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 昂龜
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 烏龜
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 烏龜
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 爬龜
Macau 烏龜
Guangzhou (Panyu) 烏龜
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 龜
Guangzhou (Conghua) 龜
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 烏龜
Foshan 烏龜
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 龜
Foshan (Shunde) 烏龜
Foshan (Sanshui) 烏龜
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 龜
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 烏龜
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 烏龜
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 烏龜
Zhuhai (Doumen) 烏龜
Jiangmen (Baisha) 烏龜
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 烏龜
Taishan 烏龜
Kaiping (Chikan) 烏龜
Enping (Niujiang) 烏龜
Heshan (Yayao) 烏龜
Dongguan 烏龜, 龜
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 烏龜
Qingyuan 烏龜
Fogang 龜
Yingde (Hanguang) 烏龜
Yangshan 烏龜
Lianshan (Butian) 烏龜
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 烏龜
Shaoguan 烏龜
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 烏龜
Renhua 烏龜
Lechang 烏龜
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 烏龜
Sihui 烏龜
Guangning 烏龜
Deqing 烏龜
Huaiji 龜
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 龜
Yunfu 烏龜
Xinxing 烏龜
Luoding 烏龜
Yunan (Pingtai) 烏龜
Yangjiang 龜
Xinyi 烏龜
Lianjiang 烏龜
Nanning 烏龜, 龜
Wuzhou 烏龜, 龜
Yulin 烏龜
Rongxian 烏龜
Hepu (Lianzhou) 烏龜, 龜
Hepu (Shatian) 烏龜
Guiping 烏龜
Guiping (Mule) 龜
Pingnan 龜
Guigang (Gangcheng) 龜
Guigang (Pingdong) 龜
Beihai 龜
Beihai (Nankang) 烏龜
Beihai (Yingpan) 龜
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 烏龜
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 烏龜, 龜
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 烏龜
Danzhou 烏龜
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 烏龜
Singapore (Guangfu) 烏龜, 龜
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 烏龜
Móng Cái 烏龜
Bangkok (Guangfu) 龜, เต่า
Betong (Rongxian) 烏龜
Gan Nanchang 烏龜
Lichuan 烏龜
Pingxiang 烏龜
Hakka Meixian 烏龜, 龜仔
Dabu (Xihe) 烏龜
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 烏龜
Dongguan (Qingxi) 烏龜
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 烏龜
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 烏龜
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 烏龜
Jiexi 烏龜
Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) 烏龜
Yudu 烏龜
Ruijin 烏龜
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 龜仔
Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) 龜仔
Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) 龜仔
Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) 龜仔
Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) 龜仔
Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) 龜仔
Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) 龜仔
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 龜仔
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 龜仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 龜仔
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 龜仔
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 烏龜
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 龜仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 龜仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 龜
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 龜
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 烏龜
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 龜
Hong Kong 烏龜
Fumian (Xisha, Xinqiao) 烏龜
Luchuan (Daqiao) 烏龜
Luchuan (Sihe, Hengshan) 龜
Bobai (Cuntou, Xintian) 龜
Beiliu (Mumian, Xilang) 龜
Xingye (Gaofeng) 烏龜
Rongxian (Xiandi) 龜
Sabah (Longchuan) 烏龜, 龜仔
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 烏龜
Senai (Huiyang) 烏龜
Singkawang 龜
Bangkok (Jiexi) 烏龜
Huizhou Jixi 烏龜
Jin Taiyuan 王八, 烏龜, 龜
Pingyao 鱉疙瘩
Taibus (Baochang) 烏龜
Linhe 烏龜
Jining 烏龜
Hohhot 王八
Baotou 烏龜
Dongsheng 王八
Haibowan 王八
Northern Min Jian'ou 烏龜
Eastern Min Fuzhou 烏龜, 龜
Fuqing 龜, 烏龜
Matsu 烏龜
Southern Min Xiamen 烏龜, 龜
Quanzhou 烏龜, 龜
Yongchun 烏龜, 龜
Zhangzhou 烏龜, 龜
Zhao'an 龜
Taipei 龜
Taipei (Wanhua) 龜
New Taipei (Tamsui) 龜
New Taipei (Sanxia) 龜
New Taipei (Pingxi) 龜
Kaohsiung 龜
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 龜
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 龜
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 龜
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 龜
Yilan 龜
Changhua (Lukang) 龜
Taichung 龜
Taichung (Wuqi) 龜
Tainan 龜
Tainan (Anping) 龜
Taitung 龜
Hsinchu 龜
Kinmen 龜
Penghu (Magong) 龜
Penghu (Xiyu) 龜
Penang (Hokkien) 龜, 烏龜
Singapore (Hokkien) 龜, 烏龜
Zhangping (Yongfu) 龜
Pingnan (Shangdu) 烏龜
Pingnan (Sijie) 龜
Pingle (Zhoutang) 龜
Lechang (Tatou) 龜
Yingde (Yuzui) 龜
Yunan (Liantan) 龜
Chaozhou 烏龜, 龜
Bangkok (Teochew) 烏龜
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 龜
Hat Yai (Teochew) 烏龜
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 龜
Leizhou 龜
Wenchang 龜
Haikou 龜
Puxian Min Putian 烏龜, 龜
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 烏龜
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 烏龜, 龜
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 烏龜
Xianyou 烏龜, 龜
Xianyou (Fengting) 烏龜, 龜
Xianyou (Youyang) 烏龜, 龜
Central Min Yong'an 烏龜
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 烏龜, 龜
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 烏龜, 龜
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 烏龜, 龜
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 烏龜
Waxiang Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 烏龜
Wu Shanghai 烏龜, 王八
Shanghai (Songjiang) 烏龜, 十三塊六角
Shanghai (Jiading) 烏龜
Shanghai (Chongming) 烏龜
Suzhou 烏龜
Wuxi 烏龜
Danyang 烏龜, 王八八, 王八
Hangzhou 烏龜
Ningbo 烏龜, 王八
Wenzhou 烏龜
Jinhua 烏龜
Xiang Changsha 烏龜, 王八
Loudi 烏龜
Shuangfeng 烏龜
Quanzhou 烏龜

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Zhuang: gvi

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 龜
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居求切
Baxter kjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kiu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kuw/
Li
Rong 		/kiu/
Wang
Li 		/kĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 龜
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʷə/
English tortoise

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 龜
Reading # 1/2
No. 4614
Phonetic
component 		龜
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		鳩
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷɯ/

Definitions

[edit]

龜

  1. Only used in 龜茲／龟兹 (Qiūcí).

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

龜

  1. (of skin) to crack; to become chapped

Compounds

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Shinjitai

亀

Kyūjitai

龜

Kanji

[edit]
龜

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 亀)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 亀

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: き (ki)←き (ki, historical)
  • Kan-on: き (ki)←き (ki, historical)
  • Kun: かめ (kame, 龜)

From Middle Chinese 龜 (MC kjuw), as in 龜茲 (Kyūji)

Definitions

[edit]
Kanji in this term
龜
かめ
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Kanji in this term
龜
き
Hyōgai
on'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 龜 – see the following entry.
【亀】S
[kanji] jōyō kanji
Kanji reading:
こん, きん
(This term, 龜, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 龜 (MC kwij).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

龜 (eumhun 거북 귀 (geobuk gwi))

  1. hanja form? of 귀 (“tortoise; turtle”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 龜 (MC kjuw).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

龜 (eumhun 땅 이름 구 (ttang ireum gu))

  1. hanja form? of 구 (“used in placenames”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 3

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 龜.

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

龜 (eumhun 터질 균 (teojil gyun))

  1. hanja form? of 균 (“crack”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Old Japanese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *kamaCi.[1]

Noun

[edit]

龜 (kame2) (kana かめ)

  1. a tortoise, turtle
  2. a tortoise shell used in 亀卜 (kiboku, “tortoise-shell divination”)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3811:
      ...千磐破神爾毛莫負卜部座龜毛莫燒曾戀之久爾...
      ...tipayaburu kami2 ni mo na opose urape2 mase kame2 mo na yaki1 so2 ko1pi2siku ni...
      ...mighty gods that carry not the burden, do divination with the unburnt tortoise shell with longing...

Descendants

[edit]
  • Japanese: 亀 (kame)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

龜: Hán Nôm readings: qui, quân, quy

  1. chữ Hán form of quy (“turtle”).

Compounds

[edit]
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