藥

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See also: 薬 and 药
藥 U+85E5, 藥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-85E5
← 藤
[U+85E4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 藦 →
[U+85E6]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 藥
Shinjitai 薬
Simplified 药

Han character[edit]

藥 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+15, 21 strokes, cangjie input 廿女戈木 (TVID), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹樂)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1065, character 47
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32341
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3320, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+85E5

Chinese[edit]

trad. 藥
simp. 药*
alternative forms 葯／药
薬
𤂼
𣛙

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (樂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
樂 *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ
轢 *raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
濼 *pqʰlaːwɢ, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ, *pqʰloːwɢ, *roːwɢ, *roːwɢ
躒 *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
擽 *rawɢ, *reːwɢ
爍 *qʰljawɢ
鑠 *qʰljawɢ
藥 *lawɢ
櫟 *lawɢ, *reːwɢ
纅 *lawɢ
礫 *reːwɢ
瓅 *reːwɢ
皪 *reːwɢ
觻 *reːwɢ, *roːwɢ
嚛 *qʰloːwɢ, *qʰloːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *lawɢ): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ).

Etymology[edit]

According to Schuessler (2007), either:

  • related to Mizo hlo (“a weed, drug, medicine”), or
  • cognate to 療 (OC *rews, “to treat, to cure”), thus beloning to the same word family as 瀹 (OC *lowɢ) & 爍 (OC *qʰljawɢ).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: ngok6 - surname.
Note:
  • io̍h - vernacular;
  • io̍k/ia̍k - literary.
Note:
  • iêh8 - Chaozhou, Chenghai;
  • iag8 - used in 芍藥.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 藥
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 陽 (107)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 以灼切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jɨɐk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jiɐk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/iɑk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/jɨak̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/iak̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭak̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯ak̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yuè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		joek6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 藥
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yào
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ yak ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m-r[e]wk/
    English medicinal plant

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 藥
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7680
    Phonetic
    component         		樂
    Rime
    group         		藥
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		藥
    Old
    Chinese         		/*lawɢ/

    Definitions[edit]

    藥

    1. medicine; drug; pharmaceutical
      吃藥／吃药  ―  chīyào  ―  to take medicine; (slang) to take illicit drugs
      同樣的藥為什麼價格相差很多？ [MSC, trad.]
      同样的药为什么价格相差很多？ [MSC, simp.]
      Tóngyàng de yào wèishénme jiàgé xiāngchà hěn duō? [Pinyin]
      Why do prices for the same medicine differ so much?
    2. substance used for a particular purpose (e.g. poisoning, fermenting, explosion)
      下藥／下药  ―  xiàyào  ―  to poison
    3. Short for 芍藥／芍药 (sháoyao).
    4. to treat; to cure
    5. to poison
    6. a surname

    See also[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (藥):
    • → Japanese: 薬(やく) (yaku)
    • → Korean: 약 (藥, yak)
    • → Vietnamese: dược (藥)

    Others:

    • → Kavalan: iyu

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 藥

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    藥

    1. Only used in 灼藥／灼药.

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    藥

    1. Only used in 勺藥／勺药 (zhuólüè).

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		薬

    Kyūjitai

    		藥

    Kanji[edit]

    藥

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 薬)

    1. Kyūjitai form of 薬: a medicine, a drug.

    Readings[edit]

    • Go-on: やく (yaku)
    • Kan-on: やく (yaku)
    • Kun: くすり (kusuri, 藥)

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 藥 (MC jɨɐk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 약〮 (yák) (Yale: yák) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    藥 (eumhun 약 약 (yak yak))

    1. Hanja form? of 약 (“medicine; drug”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    藥: Hán Việt readings: dược
    藥: Nôm readings: dược, thuốc

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Derived terms[edit]

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