drug

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English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (UK, US) IPA(key): /dɹʌɡ/, [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷʌɡ]
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʌɡ

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English drogge (“medicine”), from Middle French drogue (“cure, pharmaceutical product”), from Old French drogue, drocque (“tincture, pharmaceutical product”), from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German droge, as in droge vate (“dry vats, dry barrels”), mistaking droge for the contents, which were usually dried herbs, plants or wares. Droge comes from Middle Dutch drōghe (“dry”), from Old Dutch drōgi (“dry”), from Proto-Germanic *draugiz (“dry, hard”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard or solid”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”). Cognate with English dry, Dutch droog (“dry”), German trocken (“dry”).

Noun[edit]

drug (plural drugs)

  1. (pharmacology) A substance used to treat an illness, relieve a symptom, or modify a chemical process in the body for a specific purpose.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pharmaceutical
    Aspirin is a drug that reduces pain, acts against inflammation and lowers body temperature.
    The revenues from both brand-name drugs and generic drugs have increased.
  2. A psychoactive substance, especially one which is illegal and addictive, ingested for recreational use, such as cocaine.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:recreational drug
    take drugs
    she used to be a drug addict
    • 1971, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Harper Perennial 2005 edition, page 3:
      We were somewhere around Barstow on the edge of the desert when the drugs began to take hold.
    • March 1991, unknown student, "Antihero opinion", SPIN, page 70
      You have a twelve-year-old kid being told from the time he's like five years old that all drugs are bad, they're going to screw you up, don't try them. Just say no. Then they try pot.
    • 2005, Thomas Brent Andrews, The Pot Plan: Louie B. Stumblin and the War on Drugs, Chronic Discontent Books, →ISBN, page 19:
      The only thing working against the poor Drug Abuse Resistance Officer is high-school students. ... He'd offer his simple lesson: Drugs are bad, people who use drugs are bad, and abstinence is the only answer.
  3. Anything, such as a substance, emotion, or action, to which one is addicted.
    • 2005, Jack Haas, Om, Baby!: a Pilgrimage to the Eternal Self, page 8:
      Inspiration is my drug. Such things as spirituality, booze, travel, psychedelics, contemplation, music, dance, laughter, wilderness, and ribaldry — these have simply been the different forms of the drug of inspiration for which I have had great need […]
    • 2009, Niki Flynn, Dances with Werewolves, page 8:
      Fear was my drug of choice. I thrived on scary movies, ghost stories and rollercoasters. I dreamed of playing the last girl left alive in a slasher film — the one who screams herself hoarse as she discovers her friends' bodies one by one.
    • 2010, Kesha Rose Sebert (Ke$ha), with Pebe Sebert and Joshua Coleman (Ammo), Your Love is My Drug
    • 2011, Joslyn Shy, Introducing the Truth, page 5:
      The truth is...eating is my drug. When I am upset, I eat...when I am sad, I eat...when I am happy, I eat.
  4. Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable; an article of slow sale, or in no demand.
  5. (Canada, US, informal) Short for drugstore.
    • 1980, Stephen King, The Mist:
      “I’ll go this far,” I answered him. “We’ll try going over to the drug. You, me, Ollie if he wants to go, one or two others. Then we’ll talk it over again.”
Derived terms[edit]
terms derived from drug (noun)
Collocations[edit]
Adjectives often used with "drug"
  • dangerous, illicit, illegal, psychoactive, generic, hard, veterinary, recreational
Translations[edit]
substance used as a medical treatment — See also translations at medicine
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Verb[edit]

drug (third-person singular simple present drugs, present participle drugging, simple past and past participle drugged)

  1. (transitive) To administer intoxicating drugs to, generally without the recipient's knowledge or consent.
    She suddenly felt strange, and only then realized she'd been drugged.
  2. (transitive) To add intoxicating drugs to with the intention of drugging someone.
    She suddenly felt strange. She realized her drink must have been drugged.
  3. (intransitive) To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines.
Translations[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Germanic ablaut formation. If old, a doublet of drew, from Proto-Germanic *drōg; compare Dutch droeg, German trug, Swedish drog. If secondary, probably formed by analogy with hang.

Verb[edit]

drug

  1. (dialect) simple past tense and past participle of drag
    • 1961, Kurt Vonnegut, Harrison Bergeron:
      […] their faces were masked, so that no one, seeing a free and graceful gesture or a pretty face, would feel like something the cat drug in.
    • 2005, Diane Wilson, An Unreasonable Woman: A True Story of Shrimpers, →ISBN, page 193:
      When Blackburn called, I drug the telephone cord twenty feet out of the office and sat on the cord while I talked with him.
    • 2009 August 13, Tom Armstrong, Marvin (comic):
      It's about time you drug it home, Jeff!
    You look like someone drug you behind a horse for half a mile.
    look what the cat drug in
Usage notes[edit]
  • Random House says that drug is "nonstandard" as the past tense of drag. Merriam-Webster once ruled that drug in this construction was "illiterate" but have since upgraded it to "dialect". The lexicographers of New World, American Heritage, and Oxford make no mention of this sense.

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

drug (plural drugs)

  1. (obsolete) A drudge.

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English drug.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /drʏɡ/
  • Hyphenation: drug

Noun[edit]

drug m (plural drugs)

  1. (chiefly plural, which see) A recreational drug, psychoactive substance, especially when illegal and addictive.

Old Polish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *drȗgъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrowgʰ-os, from *dʰrewgʰ-.

Noun[edit]

drug m

  1. friend
    Synonym: przyjaciel
    Antonym: wróg
    Bądź tobie pożegnanie, synu moj miły, bo jeś dobrego druga a csnego męża syn.
    (please add an English translation of this quote)

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Polish: druh (literary)

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Serbo-Croatian drug.

Noun[edit]

drug m (plural drugi)

  1. pole, stick

Declension[edit]

Declension of drug
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) drug drugul (niște) drugi drugii
genitive/dative (unui) drug drugului (unor) drugi drugilor
vocative drugule drugilor

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *drugъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

drȗg m (Cyrillic spelling дру̑г)

  1. (Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro) friend
    Synonyms: prijatelj, drugar, (slang, Croatia) frend
  2. (dated) comrade (commonly used in parts of Former Yugoslavia among coworkers or friends)
    Synonym: drugar

Declension[edit]

Declension of drug
singular plural
nominative drȗg drȕgovi / drȗzi
genitive druga drugova / druga
dative drugu drugovima / druzima
accusative druga drugove / druge
vocative drȗže drugovi / druzi
locative drugu drugovima / druzima
instrumental drugom drugovima / druzima

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “drug” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovene[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

drȗg (not comparable)

  1. other, another, different

Inflection[edit]

Hard
masculine feminine neuter
nom. sing. drúg drúga drúgo
singular
masculine feminine neuter
nominative drúg ind
drúgi def 		drúga drúgo
genitive drúgega drúge drúgega
dative drúgemu drúgi drúgemu
accusative nominativeinan or
genitiveanim 		drúgo drúgo
locative drúgem drúgi drúgem
instrumental drúgim drúgo drúgim
dual
masculine feminine neuter
nominative drúga drúgi drúgi
genitive drúgih drúgih drúgih
dative drúgima drúgima drúgima
accusative drúga drúgi drúgi
locative drúgih drúgih drúgih
instrumental drúgima drúgima drúgima
plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative drúgi drúge drúga
genitive drúgih drúgih drúgih
dative drúgim drúgim drúgim
accusative drúge drúge drúga
locative drúgih drúgih drúgih
instrumental drúgimi drúgimi drúgimi

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “drug”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
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