drug
English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English drogge (“medicine”), from Middle French drogue (“cure, pharmaceutical product”), from Old French drogue, drocque (“tincture, pharmaceutical product”), from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German droge, as in droge vate (“dry vats, dry barrels”), mistaking droge for the contents, which were usually dried herbs, plants or wares. Droge comes from Middle Dutch drōghe (“dry”), from Old Dutch drōgi (“dry”), from Proto-Germanic *draugiz (“dry, hard”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard or solid”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”). Cognate with English dry, Dutch droog (“dry”), German trocken (“dry”).
Noun[edit]
drug (plural drugs)
- (pharmacology) A substance used to treat an illness, relieve a symptom, or modify a chemical process in the body for a specific purpose.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pharmaceutical
- Aspirin is a drug that reduces pain, acts against inflammation and lowers body temperature.
- The revenues from both brand-name drugs and generic drugs have increased.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
- whence merchants bring their spicy drugs
- A psychoactive substance, especially one which is illegal and addictive, ingested for recreational use, such as cocaine.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:recreational drug
- take drugs
- she used to be a drug addict
- 1971, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Harper Perennial 2005 edition, page 3:
- We were somewhere around Barstow on the edge of the desert when the drugs began to take hold.
- March 1991, unknown student, "Antihero opinion", SPIN, page 70
- You have a twelve-year-old kid being told from the time he's like five years old that all drugs are bad, they're going to screw you up, don't try them. Just say no. Then they try pot.
- 2005, Thomas Brent Andrews, The Pot Plan: Louie B. Stumblin and the War on Drugs, Chronic Discontent Books, →ISBN, page 19:
- The only thing working against the poor Drug Abuse Resistance Officer is high-school students. ... He'd offer his simple lesson: Drugs are bad, people who use drugs are bad, and abstinence is the only answer.
- Anything, such as a substance, emotion, or action, to which one is addicted.
- 2005, Jack Haas, Om, Baby!: a Pilgrimage to the Eternal Self, page 8:
- Inspiration is my drug. Such things as spirituality, booze, travel, psychedelics, contemplation, music, dance, laughter, wilderness, and ribaldry — these have simply been the different forms of the drug of inspiration for which I have had great need […]
- 2009, Niki Flynn, Dances with Werewolves, page 8:
- Fear was my drug of choice. I thrived on scary movies, ghost stories and rollercoasters. I dreamed of playing the last girl left alive in a slasher film — the one who screams herself hoarse as she discovers her friends' bodies one by one.
- 2010, Kesha Rose Sebert (Ke$ha), with Pebe Sebert and Joshua Coleman (Ammo), Your Love is My Drug
- 2011, Joslyn Shy, Introducing the Truth, page 5:
- The truth is...eating is my drug. When I am upset, I eat...when I am sad, I eat...when I am happy, I eat.
- Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable; an article of slow sale, or in no demand.
- 1685, John Dryden, Albion and Albanius
- And virtue shall a drug become.
- 1743, Henry Fielding, The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews, and His Friend Mr. Abraham Adams. […], 3rd edition, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:
- But sermons are mere drugs.
- 1685, John Dryden, Albion and Albanius
- (Canada, US, informal) Short for drugstore.
- 1980, Stephen King, The Mist:
- “I’ll go this far,” I answered him. “We’ll try going over to the drug. You, me, Ollie if he wants to go, one or two others. Then we’ll talk it over again.”
Derived terms[edit]
- antidrug
- blockbuster drug
- club drug
- controlled drug
- counterdrug
- date rape drug
- designer drug
- disease modifying drug
- dissociative drug
- do drugs
- drug abuse
- drug abuser
- drug addict
- drug addiction
- drug-addled
- drug baron
- drug deal
- drug-dealer
- drug dealer
- drug dog
- drug driving
- drug fiend
- drug-fiend
- drugfree
- druggie
- druggist
- druggy
- drug in the market
- drug lab
- drugless
- drug lord
- druglord
- druglore
- drugmaker
- drug naïve
- drug naive
- drug-naive
- drug-naïve
- drug of choice
- drug of last resort
- drug on the market
- drug pusher
- drug-ridden
- drug rug
- drug run
- drug runner
- drug running
- drug store
- drugstore
- drugtaker
- drugtaking
- drug test
- drug trafficker
- drug trafficking
- drug wormseed
- fertility drug
- gateway drug
- hard drug
- hard drug
- lifestyle drug
- look what the cat drug in
- love drug
- miracle drug
- multidrug
- nondrug
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- orphan drug
- parent drug
- polydrug
- postdrug
- prescription drug
- prodrug
- recreational drug
- sex drug
- small molecule drug
- soft drug
- street drug
- sulfa drug
- truth drug
- wonderdrug
- wonder drug
- Z-drug
Collocations[edit]
- dangerous, illicit, illegal, psychoactive, generic, hard, veterinary, recreational
Translations[edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Verb[edit]
drug (third-person singular simple present drugs, present participle drugging, simple past and past participle drugged)
- (transitive) To administer intoxicating drugs to, generally without the recipient's knowledge or consent.
- She suddenly felt strange, and only then realized she'd been drugged.
- (transitive) To add intoxicating drugs to with the intention of drugging someone.
- She suddenly felt strange. She realized her drink must have been drugged.
- (intransitive) To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines.
- 1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC; reprinted Menston, Yorkshire: The Scolar Press, 1970, →OCLC, (please specify the GB page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- Past all the doses of your drugging doctors
Translations[edit]
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Etymology 2[edit]
Germanic ablaut formation. If old, a doublet of drew, from Proto-Germanic *drōg; compare Dutch droeg, German trug, Swedish drog. If secondary, probably formed by analogy with hang.
Verb[edit]
drug
- (dialect) simple past tense and past participle of drag
- 1961, Kurt Vonnegut, Harrison Bergeron:
- […] their faces were masked, so that no one, seeing a free and graceful gesture or a pretty face, would feel like something the cat drug in.
- 2005, Diane Wilson, An Unreasonable Woman: A True Story of Shrimpers, →ISBN, page 193:
- When Blackburn called, I drug the telephone cord twenty feet out of the office and sat on the cord while I talked with him.
- 2009 August 13, Tom Armstrong, Marvin (comic):
- It's about time you drug it home, Jeff!
- You look like someone drug you behind a horse for half a mile.
Usage notes[edit]
- Random House says that drug is "nonstandard" as the past tense of drag. Merriam-Webster once ruled that drug in this construction was "illiterate" but have since upgraded it to "dialect". The lexicographers of New World, American Heritage, and Oxford make no mention of this sense.
Etymology 3[edit]
Noun[edit]
drug (plural drugs)
- (obsolete) A drudge.
- c. 1605–1608, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Tymon of Athens”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
- Hadst thou, like us from our first swath, proceeded / The sweet degrees that this brief world affords / To such as may the passive drugs of it / Freely command, thou wouldst have plunged thyself / In general riot
Dutch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
drug m (plural drugs)
- (chiefly plural, which see) A recreational drug, psychoactive substance, especially when illegal and addictive.
Old Polish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *drȗgъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrowgʰ-os, from *dʰrewgʰ-.
Noun[edit]
drug m
- friend
- Synonym: przyjaciel
- Antonym: wróg
- Bądź tobie pożegnanie, synu moj miły, bo jeś dobrego druga a csnego męża syn.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Polish: druh (literary)
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Serbo-Croatian drug.
Noun[edit]
drug m (plural drugi)
Declension[edit]
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *drugъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
drȗg m (Cyrillic spelling дру̑г)
- (Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro) friend
- (dated) comrade (commonly used in parts of Former Yugoslavia among coworkers or friends)
- Synonym: drugar
Declension[edit]
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | drȗg | drȕgovi / drȗzi |
genitive | druga | drugova / druga |
dative | drugu | drugovima / druzima |
accusative | druga | drugove / druge |
vocative | drȗže | drugovi / druzi |
locative | drugu | drugovima / druzima |
instrumental | drugom | drugovima / druzima |
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “drug” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Slovene[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
drȗg (not comparable)
Inflection[edit]
Hard | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nom. sing. | drúg | drúga | drúgo |
singular | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | drúg ind drúgi def |
drúga | drúgo |
genitive | drúgega | drúge | drúgega |
dative | drúgemu | drúgi | drúgemu |
accusative | nominativeinan or genitiveanim |
drúgo | drúgo |
locative | drúgem | drúgi | drúgem |
instrumental | drúgim | drúgo | drúgim |
dual | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | drúga | drúgi | drúgi |
genitive | drúgih | drúgih | drúgih |
dative | drúgima | drúgima | drúgima |
accusative | drúga | drúgi | drúgi |
locative | drúgih | drúgih | drúgih |
instrumental | drúgima | drúgima | drúgima |
plural | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | drúgi | drúge | drúga |
genitive | drúgih | drúgih | drúgih |
dative | drúgim | drúgim | drúgim |
accusative | drúge | drúge | drúga |
locative | drúgih | drúgih | drúgih |
instrumental | drúgimi | drúgimi | drúgimi |
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “drug”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ʌɡ
- Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle French
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Middle Dutch
- English terms derived from Middle Low German
- English terms derived from Old Dutch
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Pharmacology
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- Canadian English
- American English
- English informal terms
- English short forms
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English non-lemma forms
- English verb forms
- English dialectal terms
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English autohyponyms
- English irregular past participles
- English irregular simple past forms
- en:Drugs
- Dutch terms borrowed from English
- Dutch terms derived from English
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish masculine nouns
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- zlw-opl:Male people
- Romanian terms borrowed from Serbo-Croatian
- Romanian terms derived from Serbo-Croatian
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Bosnian Serbo-Croatian
- Serbian Serbo-Croatian
- Montenegrin Serbo-Croatian
- Serbo-Croatian dated terms
- sh:People
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene adjectives