毒藥

See also: 毒药 and 毒薬

Chinese

		poison; narcotics	medicine; drug; cure
trad. (毒藥)		毒	藥
simp. (毒药)		毒	药

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dúyào

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ ㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): duk⁶ joek⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thu̍k-yo̍k

(Hailu, HRS): tug^ˋ rhog^ˋ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dorh⁷ ieo⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): to̍k-io̍h / ta̍k-io̍h

(Teochew, Peng'im): dag⁸ iêh⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dúyào
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ ㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dúyào
  - Wade–Giles: tu²-yao⁴
  - Yale: dú-yàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwuyaw
  - Palladius: дуяо (dujao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu³⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: duk⁶ joek⁶
  - Yale: duhk yeuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁹ joek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dug⁶ yêg⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚² jœːk̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍k-yo̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: tug iog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tug⁶ yog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuk̚⁵ i̯ok̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍k-yo̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: tug (r)iog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tug⁶ yog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuk̚⁵ (j)i̯ok̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: tug^ˋ rhog^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuk² ʒok²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dorh⁷ ieo⁷ [Phonetic: dorh⁶ ieo⁷]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: do̤̍h-a̤u̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ ieu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dorh⁷ ieo⁷ [Phonetic: dorh⁶ ieo⁷]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɒʔ⁴⁻² ieu²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to̍k-io̍h
  - Tâi-lô: to̍k-io̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dog'ioih
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɤʔ⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ioʔ¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚²⁴⁻² ioʔ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /tɔk̚⁴⁻³² ioʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta̍k-io̍h
  - Tâi-lô: ta̍k-io̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dag'ioih
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tak̚⁴⁻³² ioʔ⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tak̚²⁴⁻² ioʔ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dag⁸ iêh⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ta̍k ie̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tak̚⁴⁻² ieʔ⁴/

Middle Chinese: dowk yak

Rime
Character	毒	藥
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	沃 (6)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	徒沃切	以灼切
Baxter	dowk	yak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duok̚/	/jɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/duok̚/	/jiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dok̚/	/iɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dawk̚/	/jɨak̚/
Li Rong	/dok̚/	/iak̚/
Wang Li	/duok̚/	/jĭak̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱuok̚/	/i̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dú	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	duk⁶	joek⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤuk m-r[e]wk/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'uːɡ lawɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	毒	藥
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dú	yào
Middle Chinese	‹ dowk ›	‹ yak ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ˁuk/	/*m-r[e]wk/
English	poison (n.)	medicinal plant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	毒	藥
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2486	7680
Phonetic component	毒	樂
Rime group	覺	藥
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	毒	藥
Old Chinese	/*l'uːɡ/	/*lawɢ/

Noun

毒藥

poison
- 耿恭以毒藥傅矢，傳語匈奴：「漢家箭神，中其瘡者必有異。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  耿恭以毒药傅矢，传语匈奴：「汉家箭神，中其疮者必有异。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Dongguan Han Ji, 1^st century CE– 2^nd century CE
  Gěng gōng yǐ dúyào fù shǐ, chuányǔ Xiōngnú: “Hàn jiā jiàn shén, zhòng qí chuāng zhě bì yǒu yì.” [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2010, “毒藥”, 蕭進惠 (lyrics), 小葉 (music)‎^[1]performed by 蕭玉芬:
  
  明知愛情是毒藥　偏偏一嘴甲喝落　等到情火一直燒　找無止痛的解藥 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  明知爱情是毒药　偏偏一嘴甲喝落　等到情火一直烧　找无止痛的解药 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  bêng-chai ài-chêng sī to̍k-io̍h, phian-phian chi̍t chhùi kā lim lo̍h, tán kah chêng hóe it-ti̍t sio, chhōe-bô chí-thiàⁿ ê kái-io̍h [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  I clearly knew love was a poison, but I still drank it in a gulp; later when the fire of love was ceaselessly burning, I could not find a painkilling antidote.
(literary, obsolete) harsh medicine
- 醫師掌醫之政令，聚毒藥以共醫事。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  医师掌医之政令，聚毒药以共医事。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3^rd century BCE
  Yīshī zhǎng yī zhī zhènglìng, jù dúyào yǐ ɡōnɡ yī shì. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 毒藥苦於口利於病，忠言逆於耳利於行。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  毒药苦于口利于病，忠言逆于耳利于行。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Dúyào kǔ yú kǒu lì yú bìng, zhōngyán nì yú ěr lì yú xíng. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

(poison): (Xiang) 癆藥／痨药

Derived terms

票房毒藥 / 票房毒药 (piàofáng dúyào)
糖衣毒藥 / 糖衣毒药 (tángyīdúyào)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (毒藥):

→ Japanese: 毒薬(どくやく) (dokuyaku)
→ Korean: 독약(毒藥) (dogyak)
→ Vietnamese: độc dược (毒藥)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thāu-io̍h

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thāu-io̍h
  - Tâi-lô: thāu-io̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tauxioih
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰau²²⁻²¹ ioʔ¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tʰau²²⁻²¹ ioʔ⁴/

Noun

毒藥

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) poison mixed with food (for killing animals)