逆

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逆 U+9006, 逆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9006
← 逅
[U+9005] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 逇 →
[U+9007]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

逆 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿山 (YTU), four-corner 38304, composition ⿺辶屰)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1256, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38849
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1741, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3833, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+9006

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (屰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斥 *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ
訴 *sŋaːɡs
泝 *sŋaːɡs
愬 *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ
遡 *sŋaːɡs
塑 *sŋaːɡs
溯 *sŋaːɡs
遻 *ŋaːɡs
柝 *tŋ̊ʰaːɡ
鶚 *ŋaːɡ
諤 *ŋaːɡ
齶 *ŋaːɡ
鍔 *ŋaːɡ
遌 *ŋaːɡ
崿 *ŋaːɡ
偔 *ŋaːɡ
堮 *ŋaːɡ
湂 *ŋaːɡ
鱷 *ŋaːɡ
噩 *ŋaːɡ
咢 *ŋaːɡ
鑩 *ŋaːɡ
鄂 *ŋaːɡ
鰐 *ŋaːɡ
萼 *ŋaːɡ
愕 *ŋaːɡ
顎 *ŋaːɡ
朔 *sŋraːɡ
槊 *sraːwɢ
蒴 *sraːwɢ
坼 *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ
拆 *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ
逆 *ŋraɡ
屰 *ŋraɡ
縌 *ŋraɡ
蝷 *reːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraɡ) : semantic 辶 (“movement”) + phonetic 屰 (OC *ŋraɡ, “go against”) – going in the opposite direction, contrary, disobedient.

Also originally written 屰, see there for more.

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 逆
simp. # 逆
alternative forms 屰
𨒫

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋra-k/ŋ (“to meet; to encounter”). Cognate with 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to receive, to welcome; to face, to go against”) and 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • jik6 - literary;
  • ngaak6 - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 逆
Mandarin Beijing /ni⁵¹/
Harbin /ni⁵³/
Tianjin /ni⁵³/
Jinan /ȵi⁴²/ 新
/i⁴²/
Qingdao /ni⁴²/
Zhengzhou /i⁴²/
Xi'an /ni²¹/
Xining /mji²¹³/
Yinchuan /ni¹³/
Lanzhou /ȵi¹³/
Ürümqi /ȵi²¹³/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵie³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /ni³¹/
Nanjing /liʔ⁵/
Hefei /liəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /niəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /niʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /niəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ȵiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ni²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ȵi²⁴/
Xiangtan /ȵi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /ŋiak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ŋiɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jek̚²/
Nanning /nek̚²²/
/ŋek̚²²/
Hong Kong /jik̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ŋek̚³/
Rime
Character 逆
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 庚 (115)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 宜戟切
Baxter ngjaek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠiæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋᵚiak̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋiajk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiɐk̚/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋiɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 逆
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		nì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjæk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋrak/
English go against

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 逆
Reading # 1/1
No. 9474
Phonetic
component 		屰
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		逆
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋraɡ/

Definitions[edit]

逆

  1. (literary) to greet; to meet; to welcome
  2. (literary) to meet the enemy head-on
  3. (literary) to accept
  4. opposite
    逆風／逆风  ―  nìfēng  ―  headwind
    逆行  ―  nìxíng  ―  to go against the traffic
  5. to go against; to disobey
    逆流  ―  nìliú  ―  to go against the current
    忠言逆耳  ―  zhōngyánnì'ěr  ―  good advice isn’t easy on the ear
    我唔敢逆佢意。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    ngo5 m4 gam2 jik6 keoi5 ji3. [Jyutping]
    I dare not go against he wishes.
  6. to resist; to reject
  7. to rebel; to betray
  8. adverse; unfavourable
    逆境  ―  nìjìng  ―  adverse situations
  9. rebel; traitor
  10. in advance

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

trad. 逆
simp. # 逆
alternative forms 扴
桀
恝
椵
硌

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

逆

  1. (Hokkien, Teochew) to oppose; to go against
  2. (Xiamen Hokkien) unable to be harmonious
  3. (Hokkien) to be stuck in (something)
  4. (Hokkien) to impede; to hinder
  5. (Teochew) to quit (something bad)

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 逆
Kyūjitai
[1]
逆󠄁
逆+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
逆󠄃
逆+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

逆

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. reverse, opposite, upside-down
  2. opposition, rebellion

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
逆
ぎゃく
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 逆 (MC ngjaek).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku) -na (adnominal 逆(ぎゃく)な (gyaku na), adverbial 逆(ぎゃく)に (gyaku ni))

  1. reverse; contrary; opposite
    位置(いち)が逆(ぎゃく)なことに気(き)づく
    ichi ga gyaku na koto ni kizuku
    to notice that the positions are switched
    すごすぎて逆(ぎゃく)に普通(ふつう)
    sugosugite gyaku ni futsū
    so extraordinary that it's actually not that interesting
    クソすぎて逆(ぎゃく)に見(み)たい
    kusosugite gyaku ni mitai
    so shitty that on the contrary, I do want to see
    逆(ぎゃく)に知(し)りたい
    gyaku ni shiritai
    honestly, I want to know too
  2. (logic) converse
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of 逆
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 逆だろ ぎゃくだろ gyaku daro
Continuative (連用形) 逆で ぎゃくで gyaku de
Terminal (終止形) 逆だ ぎゃくだ gyaku da
Attributive (連体形) 逆な ぎゃくな gyaku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 逆なら ぎゃくなら gyaku nara
Imperative (命令形) 逆であれ ぎゃくであれ gyaku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 逆ではない
逆じゃない 		ぎゃくではない
ぎゃくじゃない 		gyaku de wa nai
gyaku ja nai
Informal past 逆だった ぎゃくだった gyaku datta
Informal negative past 逆ではなかった
逆じゃなかった 		ぎゃくではなかった
ぎゃくじゃなかった 		gyaku de wa nakatta
gyaku ja nakatta
Formal 逆です ぎゃくです gyaku desu
Formal negative 逆ではありません
逆じゃありません 		ぎゃくではありません
ぎゃくじゃありません 		gyaku de wa arimasen
gyaku ja arimasen
Formal past 逆でした ぎゃくでした gyaku deshita
Formal negative past 逆ではありませんでした
逆じゃありませんでした 		ぎゃくではありませんでした
ぎゃくじゃありませんでした 		gyaku de wa arimasen deshita
gyaku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 逆で ぎゃくで gyaku de
Conditional 逆なら（ば） ぎゃくなら（ば） gyaku nara (ba)
Provisional 逆だったら ぎゃくだったら gyaku dattara
Volitional 逆だろう ぎゃくだろう gyaku darō
Adverbial 逆に ぎゃくに gyaku ni
Degree 逆さ ぎゃくさ gyakusa
See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku) 

  1. reverse; contrary; opposite
    逆(ぎゃく)のアプローチ
    gyaku no apurōchi
    an opposite approach
  2. (logic) converse
Antonyms[edit]

Affix[edit]

逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku) 

  1. reverse; contrary; opposite
    逆(ぎゃく)方(ほう)向(こう)
    gyakuhōkō
    opposite direction

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
逆
さか
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 逆 – see the following entry.
【さか】
[noun] (uncommon) being upside-down, reversed, etc.
[prefix] contrary, anti-, contra-
Alternative spelling
倒
(This term, 逆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References[edit]

  1. ^ “逆”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

逆 (eumhun 거스를 역 (geoseureul yeok))

  1. Hanja form? of 역 (“reverse; contrary; opposite”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

逆: Hán Nôm readings: nghịch, nghếch, nghệch, nghạch, ngược

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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