逆
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]逆 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿山 (YTU), four-corner 38304, composition ⿺辶屰)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1256, character 30
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38849
- Dae Jaweon: page 1741, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3833, character 2
- Unihan data for U+9006
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
斥 | *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ |
訴 | *sŋaːɡs |
泝 | *sŋaːɡs |
愬 | *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ |
遡 | *sŋaːɡs |
塑 | *sŋaːɡs |
溯 | *sŋaːɡs |
遻 | *ŋaːɡs |
柝 | *tŋ̊ʰaːɡ |
鶚 | *ŋaːɡ |
諤 | *ŋaːɡ |
齶 | *ŋaːɡ |
鍔 | *ŋaːɡ |
遌 | *ŋaːɡ |
崿 | *ŋaːɡ |
偔 | *ŋaːɡ |
堮 | *ŋaːɡ |
湂 | *ŋaːɡ |
鱷 | *ŋaːɡ |
噩 | *ŋaːɡ |
咢 | *ŋaːɡ |
鑩 | *ŋaːɡ |
鄂 | *ŋaːɡ |
鰐 | *ŋaːɡ |
萼 | *ŋaːɡ |
愕 | *ŋaːɡ |
顎 | *ŋaːɡ |
朔 | *sŋraːɡ |
槊 | *sraːwɢ |
蒴 | *sraːwɢ |
坼 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
拆 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
逆 | *ŋraɡ |
屰 | *ŋraɡ |
縌 | *ŋraɡ |
蝷 | *reːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ŋraɡ) : semantic 辶 (“movement”) + phonetic 屰 (OC *ŋraɡ, “go against”) – going in the opposite direction, contrary, disobedient.
Also originally written 屰, see there for more.
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 逆 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 逆 | |
alternative forms | 屰 𨒫 |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋra-k/ŋ (“to meet; to encounter”). Cognate with 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to receive, to welcome; to face, to go against”) and 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyie2
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): nieh5
- Northern Min (KCR): ngà̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngĭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8gniq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyi6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nì
- Wade–Giles: ni4
- Yale: nì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nyie2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nie
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʲiɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jik6 / ngaak6
- Yale: yihk / ngaahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: jik9 / ngaak9
- Guangdong Romanization: yig6 / ngag6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɪk̚²/, /ŋaːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- jik6 - literary;
- ngaak6 - vernacular.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngak5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡak̚³²/
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngia̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiag
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiag6
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯ak̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: nieh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /niəʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngà̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɛ⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gek
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k
- Tâi-lô: gia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giak
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡiak̚²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngêg8 / ngiag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nge̍k / ngia̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋek̚⁴/, /ŋiak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: nyi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲi²⁴/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 逆 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ni⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /ni⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /ni⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /ȵi⁴²/ 新 /i⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ni⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /i⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /ni²¹/ | |
Xining | /mji²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ni¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ȵi¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ȵi²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ȵie³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ni²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ni³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /liʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /liəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /niəʔ⁵⁴/ |
Pingyao | /niʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /niəʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiɪʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /ȵiəʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ȵiəʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /ȵai²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ni²²/ |
Tunxi | ||
Xiang | Changsha | /ȵi²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ȵi²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiak̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋiɑk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jek̚²/ |
Nanning | /nek̚²²/ /ŋek̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /jik̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /gik̚⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋiʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋɛ⁴²/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /ŋek̚⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ŋek̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: ngjaek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋrak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraɡ/
Definitions
[edit]逆
- (literary) to greet; to meet; to welcome
- 大夫逆於竟者,執其手而與之言,道逆者,自車揖之,逆於門者,頷之而已。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Dàfū nì yú jìng zhě, zhí qí shǒu ér yǔ zhī yán, dào nì zhě, zì chē yī zhī, nì yú mén zhě, hàn zhī ér yǐ. [Pinyin]
- Of the great officers who met him at the borders, he took the hands, and spoke with them. To those who met him [afterwards] on the road, he bowed, [saluting them with his hands]. To those [who were waiting] at the gate, he only nodded.
大夫逆于竟者,执其手而与之言,道逆者,自车揖之,逆于门者,颔之而已。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to meet the enemy head-on
- (literary) to accept
- opposite
- to go against; to disobey
- to resist; to reject
- to rebel; to betray
- adverse; unfavourable
- 逆境 ― nìjìng ― adverse situations
- rebel; traitor
- in advance
Compounds
[edit]- 亂臣逆子/乱臣逆子
- 亂逆/乱逆 (luànnì)
- 以意逆志
- 倒行逆施 (dàoxíngnìshī)
- 凶逆
- 反逆 (fǎnnì)
- 叛逆 (pànnì)
- 可逆反應/可逆反应 (kěnì fǎnyìng)
- 吐逆
- 呃逆 (ènì)
- 嘔逆/呕逆
- 大逆 (dànì)
- 大逆不孝
- 大逆不道 (dànìbùdào)
- 大逆無道/大逆无道 (dànìwúdào)
- 封筒逆封
- 忠言逆耳 (zhōngyánnì'ěr)
- 忤逆 (wǔnì)
- 忤逆不孝 (wǔnì bùxiào)
- 悖逆 (bèinì)
- 惡逆/恶逆
- 抗逆力 (kàngnìlì)
- 批逆鱗/批逆鳞
- 拂逆
- 昏逆
- 本末舛逆
- 桀逆放恣
- 橫逆/横逆
- 氣逆/气逆
- 目逆
- 相視莫逆/相视莫逆
- 篡逆 (cuànnì)
- 罪逆深重
- 背逆
- 舛逆
- 莫逆 (mònì)
- 莫逆之交 (mònìzhījiāo)
- 莫逆之友
- 莫逆之契
- 莫逆交
- 衝波逆折/冲波逆折
- 襲逆/袭逆
- 覆逆
- 觸逆/触逆
- 討逆除暴/讨逆除暴
- 誅凶殄逆
- 誅凶討逆/诛凶讨逆
- 誅暴討逆/诛暴讨逆
- 誖逆
- 謀逆/谋逆 (móunì)
- 謀逆不軌/谋逆不轨
- 貿易逆差/贸易逆差
- 賊臣逆子/贼臣逆子
- 逆亂/逆乱 (nìluàn)
- 逆事
- 逆來順受/逆来顺受 (nìláishùnshòu)
- 逆倫/逆伦
- 逆光 (nìguāng)
- 逆入平出
- 逆勢/逆势
- 逆取順守/逆取顺守
- 逆叛
- 逆向 (nìxiàng)
- 逆向公車/逆向公车
- 逆向思考
- 逆向整合
- 逆命
- 逆境 (nìjìng)
- 逆增
- 逆天悖理
- 逆天暴物
- 逆天犯順/逆天犯顺
- 逆天背理
- 逆天違理/逆天违理
- 逆女
- 逆子 (nìzǐ)
- 逆子賊臣/逆子贼臣
- 逆家子
- 逆差 (nìchā)
- 逆序
- 逆折
- 逆接
- 逆料 (nìliào)
- 逆旅 (nìlǚ)
- 逆水 (nìshuǐ)
- 逆水行舟 (nìshuǐxíngzhōu)
- 逆流 (nìliú)
- 逆溫/逆温
- 逆溯
- 逆溫層/逆温层
- 逆理違天/逆理违天
- 逆產/逆产
- 逆睹
- 逆知
- 逆耳 (nì'ěr)
- 逆耳之言
- 逆耳利行
- 逆耳忠言
- 逆臣賊子/逆臣贼子
- 逆行 (nìxíng)
- 逆行倒施
- 逆訪/逆访
- 逆詐/逆诈
- 逆證/逆证
- 逆豎/逆竖 (nìshù)
- 逆賊/逆贼 (nìzéi)
- 逆轉/逆转 (nìzhuǎn)
- 逆道亂常/逆道乱常
- 逆鋒/逆锋
- 逆風/逆风 (nìfēng)
- 逆風撐船/逆风撑船
- 逆鱗/逆鳞 (nìlín)
- 違逆/违逆 (wéinì)
- 附逆
- 順我者昌,逆我者亡/顺我者昌,逆我者亡 (shùn wǒ zhě chāng, nì wǒ zhě wáng)
- 頑逆/顽逆
- 高空逆溫/高空逆温
Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 逆 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 逆 | |
alternative forms | 扴 桀 恝 椵 硌 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍h
- Tâi-lô: ke̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: keh
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /keʔ⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /keʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍eh
- Tâi-lô: ke̍eh
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛʔ¹²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gêh8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /keʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
Definitions
[edit]逆
- (Hokkien, Teochew) to oppose; to go against
- (Xiamen Hokkien) unable to be harmonious
- (Hokkien) to be stuck in (something)
- (Hokkien) to impede; to hinder
- (Teochew) to quit (something bad)
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 逆 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
逆󠄁 逆+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
逆󠄃 逆+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ぎゃく (gyaku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: げき (geki)
- Kun: さか (saka, 逆, Jōyō)、さかう (sakau, 逆う)、さかさ (sakasa, 逆さ)、さかさま (sakasama, 逆さま)、さかしま (sakashima, 逆しま)、さかる (sakaru, 逆る)、さからう (sakarau, 逆らう, Jōyō)、むかたむ (mukatamu, 逆む)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
逆 |
ぎゃく Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 逆 (MC ngjaek).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]逆 • (gyaku) -na (adnominal 逆な (gyaku na), adverbial 逆に (gyaku ni))
- reverse; contrary; opposite
- 位置が逆なことに気づく
- ichi ga gyaku na koto ni kizuku
- to notice that the positions are switched
- すごすぎて逆に普通
- sugosugite gyaku ni futsū
- so extraordinary that it's actually not that interesting
- クソすぎて逆に見たい
- kusosugite gyaku ni mitai
- so shitty that on the contrary, I do want to see
- 逆に知りたい
- gyaku ni shiritai
- honestly, I want to know too
- 位置が逆なことに気づく
- (logic) converse
Inflection
[edit]Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 逆だろ | ぎゃくだろ | gyaku daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 逆で | ぎゃくで | gyaku de |
Terminal (終止形) | 逆だ | ぎゃくだ | gyaku da |
Attributive (連体形) | 逆な | ぎゃくな | gyaku na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 逆なら | ぎゃくなら | gyaku nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 逆であれ | ぎゃくであれ | gyaku de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 逆ではない 逆じゃない |
ぎゃくではない ぎゃくじゃない |
gyaku de wa nai gyaku ja nai |
Informal past | 逆だった | ぎゃくだった | gyaku datta |
Informal negative past | 逆ではなかった 逆じゃなかった |
ぎゃくではなかった ぎゃくじゃなかった |
gyaku de wa nakatta gyaku ja nakatta |
Formal | 逆です | ぎゃくです | gyaku desu |
Formal negative | 逆ではありません 逆じゃありません |
ぎゃくではありません ぎゃくじゃありません |
gyaku de wa arimasen gyaku ja arimasen |
Formal past | 逆でした | ぎゃくでした | gyaku deshita |
Formal negative past | 逆ではありませんでした 逆じゃありませんでした |
ぎゃくではありませんでした ぎゃくじゃありませんでした |
gyaku de wa arimasen deshita gyaku ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 逆で | ぎゃくで | gyaku de |
Conditional | 逆なら(ば) | ぎゃくなら(ば) | gyaku nara (ba) |
Provisional | 逆だったら | ぎゃくだったら | gyaku dattara |
Volitional | 逆だろう | ぎゃくだろう | gyaku darō |
Adverbial | 逆に | ぎゃくに | gyaku ni |
Degree | 逆さ | ぎゃくさ | gyakusa |
See also
[edit]Noun
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]Affix
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
逆 |
さか Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 逆 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 逆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]逆 (eumhun 거스를 역 (geoseureul yeok))
Compounds
[edit]- 반역 (反逆/叛逆, banyeok, “revolt, rebellion”)
- 역전 (逆轉, yeokjeon, “reversal; comeback”)
- 역풍 (逆風, yeokpung, “adverse wind, headwind”)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]逆: Hán Nôm readings: nghịch, nghếch, nghệch, nghạch, ngược
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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