朔

朔 U+6714, 朔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6714 ← 朓 [U+6713] CJK Unified Ideographs 朕 → [U+6715]

Translingual

Han character

朔 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+6, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 廿山月 (TUB), four-corner 8742₀, composition ⿰屰月)

1. first day of lunar month
2. the north

Derived characters

• 嗍, 搠, 溯, 㮶, 鎙 (𫔈), 蒴, 塑, 愬, 槊, 遡

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 505, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14359
• Dae Jaweon: page 884, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2072, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6714

Chinese

trad.		朔
simp. #		朔
alternative forms		𣍮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 朔
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (屰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
斥	*ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ
訴	*sŋaːɡs
泝	*sŋaːɡs
愬	*sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ
遡	*sŋaːɡs
塑	*sŋaːɡs
溯	*sŋaːɡs
遻	*ŋaːɡs
柝	*tŋ̊ʰaːɡ
鶚	*ŋaːɡ
諤	*ŋaːɡ
齶	*ŋaːɡ
鍔	*ŋaːɡ
遌	*ŋaːɡ
崿	*ŋaːɡ
偔	*ŋaːɡ
堮	*ŋaːɡ
湂	*ŋaːɡ
鱷	*ŋaːɡ
噩	*ŋaːɡ
咢	*ŋaːɡ
鑩	*ŋaːɡ
鄂	*ŋaːɡ
鰐	*ŋaːɡ
萼	*ŋaːɡ
愕	*ŋaːɡ
顎	*ŋaːɡ
朔	*sŋraːɡ
槊	*sraːwɢ
蒴	*sraːwɢ
坼	*tŋ̊ʰraːɡ
拆	*tŋ̊ʰraːɡ
逆	*ŋraɡ
屰	*ŋraɡ
縌	*ŋraɡ
蝷	*reːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sŋraːɡ): phonetic 屰 (OC *ŋraɡ) + semantic 月 (“moon”)

Etymology

From 逆 (OC *ŋraɡ) plus s-prefix. Schuessler (2007) interprets it as literally "turn again toward to meet"; while Baxter & Sagart (2014) interprets it as "when the moon changes from waning to waxing", with s- being a circumstantial prefix for place, time, & instrument.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shuò (shuo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sok³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sok
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): suag⁴

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷soq / ⁷saoq / ⁷shioq
  • (Jinhua): ⁷shioq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): so⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shuò
    • Wade–Giles: shuo⁴
    • Yale: shwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuoh
    • Palladius: шо (šo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sok³
    • Yale: sok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: sog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔːk̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sok
    • Hakka Romanization System: sog^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /sok̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sok
    • Tâi-lô: sok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sog
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sɔk̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔk̚⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɔk̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sɔk̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɔk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: suag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suak̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ⁷soq
    • MiniDict: soh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴soq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /soʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /soʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /soʔ⁴³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /soʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /soʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /soʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /soʔ⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /soʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /soʔ⁵⁵/
  • (Northern: Songjiang)
    • Wugniu: ⁷saoq
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /sɒʔ⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Fuyang)
    • Wugniu: ⁷shioq
    • Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /ɕyoʔ⁵⁵/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁷shioq
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ɕioʔ⁴⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: so⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /so²⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: sraewk

Rime
Character	朔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所角切
Baxter	sraewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/ʃɔk̚/
Wang Li	/ʃɔk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sok3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sŋraːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shuò
Middle Chinese	‹ sræwk ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ŋrak/
English	1st day of month
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朔
Reading #	1/1
No.	9468
Phonetic component	屰
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	朔
Old Chinese	/*sŋraːɡ/

Definitions

朔

1. new moon

   朔月  ―  shuòyuè  ―  new moon

2. the first day of the lunar month

   朔日  ―  shuòrì  ―  the first day of the lunar month

   朔望  ―  shuòwàng  ―  the first and 15th day of every lunar month

3. (literary) north

   朔方  ―  shuòfāng  ―  north

4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) early morning
5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) beginning

Compounds

• 合朔
• 告朔
• 告朔餼羊 / 告朔饩羊
• 奉其正朔
• 撲朔 / 扑朔 (pūshuò)
• 撲朔迷離 / 扑朔迷离 (pūshuòmílí)
• 旬朔 (xúnshuò)
• 晦朔 (huìshuò)
• 月朔 (yuèshuò)
• 朔吹 (shuòchuì)
• 朔州 (Shuòzhōu)
• 朔政
• 朔方 (shuòfāng)
• 朔日 (shuòrì)
• 朔月 (shuòyuè)
• 朔月貰 / 朔月贳
• 朔望 (shuòwàng)
• 朔望月 (shuòwàngyuè)
• 朔氣 / 朔气
• 朔漠 (shuòmò)
• 朔雪 (shuòxuě)
• 朔雲 / 朔云
• 朔風 / 朔风 (shuòfēng)
• 朔黨 / 朔党
• 望朔 (wàngshuò)
• 正朔 (zhēngshuò)
• 河朔 (Héshuò)
• 迷離撲朔 / 迷离扑朔
• 陽朔 / 阳朔 (Yángshuò)

Japanese

Kanji

朔

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. the first day of the lunar month
2. north

Readings

• Go-on: さく (saku)
• Kan-on: さく (saku)
• Kun: ついたち (tsuitachi, 朔)、きた (kita, 朔)

Compounds

• 朔月(さくげつ) (sakugetsu)
• 朔日(さくじつ) (sakujitsu)
• 朔風(さくふう) (sakufū)
• 朔望(さくぼう) (sakubō)
• 晦朔(かいさく) (kaisaku)
• 告朔(こうさく) (kōsaku)
• 正朔(せいさく) (seisaku)
• 八朔(はっさく) (hassaku)

References

• “^▲朔”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 朔 (MC sraewk). Recorded as Middle Korean 삭〮 (sák) (Yale: sak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

朔 (eumhun 초하루 삭 (choharu sak))

1. hanja form^? of 삭 (“the first day of the lunar month”)

Compounds

• 삭고 (朔鼓, sakgo)
• 삭료 (朔料, sangnyo)
• 삭망 (朔望, sangmang)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

朔: Hán Nôm readings: sóc, xóc, xộc

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