執

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See also: 执
執 U+57F7, 執
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57F7
← 埶
[U+57F6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 埸 →
[U+57F8]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

執 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土十大弓戈 (GJKNI), four-corner 45417, composition ⿰幸丸)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 231, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5193
  • Dae Jaweon: page 467, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 457, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+57F7

Chinese[edit]

trad. 執
simp. 执
alternative forms
 
执
秇
𠌷
𡘺
𡙕
执
秇
𠌷
𡘺
𡙕
𡚺
𢦕
𦎃

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 執
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (執) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
騺 *tibs
摯 *tjibs
贄 *tjibs
鷙 *tjibs
墊 *tiːms, *diːb
慹 *tjeb, *ndiːb, *sdib, *tjib
謺 *tjeb
褺 *diːb
蓻 *stib
縶 *tib
漐 *tʰib
蟄 *dib
執 *tjib
瓡 *tjib

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 㚔 (“criminal / handcuffs”) + 丮 (“hand”): to arrest. In the present form, 㚔 (niè) and 丮 (jǐ) have been replaced by 幸 (xìng) and 丸 (wán), respectively.

Also phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjib): phonetic 㚔 (niè) + semantic 丮.

Etymology[edit]

Possibly related to Tibetan ཆབ (chab, “power; dominion”) or Khmer ចាប់ (cap, “to grasp; to seize”) (Schuessler 2007). Korean 집 (jip-, “to pick up; to grab”) is probably coincidental.

“to go bankrupt and close down”
Clipping of 執笠／执笠.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 執
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 侵 (141)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 之入切
Baxter tsyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕip̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cip̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiəp̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zap1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 執
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyip ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[t]ip/
English seize

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 執
Reading # 1/1
No. 17290
Phonetic
component 		執
Rime
group 		緝
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		執
Old
Chinese 		/*tjib/
Notes 甲金文象梏人雙手，
幸象梏非聲

Definitions[edit]

執

  1. to hold in the hand
  2. to hold (authority, etc.); to manage
  3. to keep; to hold to; to insist
    固執／固执  ―  gùzhí  ―  to stubbornly persist
  4. to carry out
  5. (literary) to arrest; to capture
  6. (Cantonese) to pick up
    執垃圾／执垃圾 [Cantonese]  ―  zap1 laap6 saap3 [Jyutping]  ―  to pick up rubbish
  7. (Cantonese) to clean up; to tidy up
    去執下你間房好喎。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    去执下你间房好㖞。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    heoi3 zap1 haa5 nei5 gaan1 fong4-2 hou2 wo3. [Jyutping]
    You should go clean up your room.
  8. (Cantonese) to go bankrupt and close down
    間鋪頭執咗好耐喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    间铺头执咗好耐喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    gaan1 pou3 tau4-2 zap1 zo2 hou2 noi6 laa3. [Jyutping]
    The shop closed down a long time ago.
  9. (Cantonese) Classifier for pinches (small amount that could be held between fingertips) of objects.
    一執鹽／一执盐 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 zap1 jim4 [Jyutping]  ―  a pinch of salt
    一執頭髮／一执头发 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 zap1 tau4 faat3 [Jyutping]  ―  a small bunch of hair

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (執):
  • → Japanese: 執(しゅう) (shū)
  • → Korean: 집(執) (jip)
  • → Vietnamese: chấp (執)

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

執

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. tenacious, take hold, grasp, take to heart

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

執(まもる) • (Mamoru) 

  1. a male given name

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

執 (eum 집 (jip))

  1. hold in hand, keep, carry out

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

執: Hán Việt readings: chấp[1][2][3]
執: Nôm readings: chắp[1][2][3][4], giúp[1][2][3][4], chập[1][3][4], giập[1][3][4], xấp[1][3][4], chặp[2][3][4], chụp[2][3][4], chấp[1][2], xắp[3][4], xúp[3][4], chộp[3], xóp[3], xụp[3], chợp[4], giộp[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of chấp.

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 Hồ (1976).
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