丸

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丸 U+4E38, 丸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E38
← 丷
[U+4E37]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 丹 →
[U+4E39]
丸 U+2F801, 丸
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F801
← 丽
[U+2F800]		 CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 乁 →
[U+2F802]
See also: 九 and 丮

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
3 strokes

Han character[edit]

丸 (radical 3 丶+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大弓戈 (KNI), four-corner 50017, composition ⿻九丶(GJKV) or ⿵九丶(HT))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 80, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 94
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 42, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+4E38

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 丸
alt. forms 𠁽

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 丸
Large seal script Small seal script
丸-bigseal.svg 丸-seal.svg
Large seal script
ACC-L31714.svg

L31714
ACC-L31715.svg

L31715
ACC-L06169.svg

L06169
ACC-L06170.svg

L06170
ACC-L06171.svg

L06171
ACC-L06172.svg

L06172
ACC-L06173.svg

L06173
ACC-L06174.svg

L06174
ACC-L06175.svg

L06175
Small seal script
ACC-s06805.svg

s06805
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
骫 *qʷralʔ
丸 *ɡʷaːn
紈 *ɡʷaːn
芄 *ɡʷaːn
汍 *ɡʷaːn
肒 *ɡʷaːns

Shuowen suggests that it is an ideogram (指事) from 仄 (“to tilt”) flipped – something that can be tilted and turned; something round.

Unrelated to the right component of characters like 執 and 孰, which comes from 丮.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 丸
Mandarin Beijing /uan³⁵/
Harbin /uan²⁴/
Tianjin /van⁴⁵/
Jinan /vã⁴²/
Qingdao /vã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /uan⁴²/
Xi'an /uã²⁴/
Xining /uã²⁴/
Yinchuan /van⁵³/
Lanzhou /vɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /van⁵¹/
Wuhan /uan²¹³/ 藥～子
/yɛn²¹³/ 肉～子
Chengdu /uan³¹/
Guiyang /uan²¹/
Kunming /uã̠³¹/
Nanjing /uaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ʊ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /væ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /uɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /væ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦuø²³/
Suzhou /ɦuø¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦuõ²¹³/
Wenzhou /jy³¹/
Hui Shexian /uɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /uːən⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /yẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /yɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ian¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jyn³⁵/
Nanning /yn²¹/
Hong Kong /jyn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /uan³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /uoŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /yiŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zuaŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 丸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡官切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦwan/
Li
Rong		 /ɣuɑn/
Wang
Li		 /ɣuɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huán
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丸 丸
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wán wán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hwan › ‹ hwan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]ʷˤar/ /*ɦʷˤar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˤar)
English pellet; ball 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丸
Reading # 1/1
No. 12608
Phonetic
component		 丸
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 桓
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡʷaːn/

Definitions[edit]

丸

  1. small round object
  2. pellet; pill
  3. (traditional Chinese medicine) pill
  4. Classifier for pills of Chinese medicine.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 丸

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

丸

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. ball; circular thing such as a bullet or pill
  2. counter word for pills
  3. being circular
  4. make a thing circular
  5. a whole thing

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • New Nelson: 34
  • Halpern: 3417
  • Halpern Learners: 2134
  • Heisig: 44
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 0a3.28
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Related terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

丸 (hiragana まる, rōmaji maru)

  1. circle
  2. (colloquial) 半濁点, a semi-voicing mark

Alternative forms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Prefix[edit]

丸 (hiragana まる, rōmaji maru-)

  1. whole, complete

Derived terms[edit]

Suffix[edit]

丸 (hiragana まる, rōmaji -maru)

  1. suffix for ship names

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

丸 • (hwan)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 환 (revised: hwan, McCune-Reischauer: hwan)
    • Name (hangeul): 둥글 (revised: dunggeul, McCune-Reischauer: tunggǔl)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

丸 (hoàn, hòn, giúp, xắp, xóp)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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