丸

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See also: 九 and 丮
丸 U+4E38, 丸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E38
← 丷
[U+4E37] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丹 →
[U+4E39]
丸 U+2F801, 丸
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F801
← 丽
[U+2F800] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 乁 →
[U+2F802]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
3 strokes

Han character[edit]

丸 (radical 3, 丶+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大弓戈 (KNI), four-corner 50017, composition ⿻九丶(GJKV) or ⿵九丶(HT))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 80, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 94
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 42, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+4E38

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 丸
alternative forms 𠁽

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 丸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
丸-seal.svg 丸-bigseal.svg
Small seal script
ACC-s06805.svg

s06805

Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L31714.svg

L31714

ACC-L31715.svg

L31715

ACC-L06169.svg

L06169

ACC-L06170.svg

L06170

ACC-L06171.svg

L06171

ACC-L06172.svg

L06172

ACC-L06173.svg

L06173

ACC-L06174.svg

L06174

ACC-L06175.svg

L06175

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
骫 *qʷralʔ
丸 *ɡʷaːn
紈 *ɡʷaːn
芄 *ɡʷaːn
汍 *ɡʷaːn
肒 *ɡʷaːns

Shuowen suggests that it is an ideogram (指事) from 仄 (“to tilt”) flipped – something that can be tilted and turned; something round.

Unrelated to the right component of characters like 執 and 孰, which comes from 丮.

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “any relation to 圓?”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • oân - literary;
  • îⁿ - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 丸
    Mandarin Beijing /uan³⁵/
    Harbin /uan²⁴/
    Tianjin /van⁴⁵/
    Jinan /vã⁴²/
    Qingdao /vã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /uan⁴²/
    Xi'an /uã²⁴/
    Xining /uã²⁴/
    Yinchuan /van⁵³/
    Lanzhou /vɛ̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /van⁵¹/
    Wuhan /uan²¹³/ 藥～子
    /yɛn²¹³/ 肉～子
    Chengdu /uan³¹/
    Guiyang /uan²¹/
    Kunming /uã̠³¹/
    Nanjing /uaŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /ʊ̃⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /væ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /uɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /væ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦuø²³/
    Suzhou /ɦuø¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦuõ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /jy³¹/
    Hui Shexian /uɛ⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /uːən⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /yẽ¹³/
    Xiangtan /yẽ¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /yɵn⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /ian¹¹/
    Taoyuan /ʒen¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jyn³⁵/
    Nanning /yn²¹/
    Hong Kong /jyn³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /uan³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /uoŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /yiŋ³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ĩ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /zuaŋ³¹/
    Rime
    Character 丸
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 桓 (62)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 胡官切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦuɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣuɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦwan/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣuɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣuɑn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣuɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		wun4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 丸 丸
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wán wán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwan › ‹ hwan ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɢ]ʷˁar/ /*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar)
    English pellet; ball 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 丸
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12608
    Phonetic
    component         		丸
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		桓
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡʷaːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    丸

    1. small round object; ball
      1. pellet
      2. (traditional Chinese medicine) pill
    2. † egg
    3. † to roll into a ball
    4. Classifier for pills of Chinese medicine.
    5. A surname​.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 丸

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    丸

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. circle
    2. round
    3. whole
    4. pill

    Readings[edit]

    (Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    丸
    まる
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    ⟨maro2⟩ → */marə/ → /maru/

    Shift from Old Japanese 丸 (maro, see below).[1]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    • (round object, soft-shell turtle, wholeness): 円

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • Pitch accent for prefix unknown.

    Noun[edit]

    丸(まる) • (maru) 

    1. any round object:
      1. a circle
      2. a sphere, ball
      3. (by extension) any non-perfectly round objects, such as an oval
      4. the "○" symbol, equivalent to a check mark in some other languages
      5. (by extension) something correct, good, or right
    2. (colloquial) money
      Synonym: 金銭 (kinsen)
    3. enclosure inside a castle's walls
    4. (colloquial) the 。 mark, or 句点 (kuten, “full stop, period”)
    5. (colloquial) the ゜ mark, or 半濁点 (handakuten, “semi-voicing mark”)
    6. the circular outline of a Japanese crest
    7. (Kansai) a soft-shell turtle
      Synonym: 鼈 (suppon)
    8. term relating to completeness:
      1. fullness, wholeness
      2. meeting specific conditions
    9. a Japanese unit of weight
      1 maru is equal to 50 斤 (kin), approximately 30 kilograms
    10. a Japanese unit of counting washi
    11. a day where prices are doubled in a red-light district

    Derived terms[edit]

    Derived terms

    Prefix[edit]

    丸(まる) • (maru-) 

    1. whole, complete

    Derived terms[edit]

    Derived terms

    Suffix[edit]

    丸(まる) • (-maru) 

    1. suffix for ship names

    Proper noun[edit]

    丸(まる) • (Maru) 

    1. A surname​.

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    丸
    まる
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    Suffix[edit]

    丸(まる) • (-maru) 

    1. Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): attaches to names of persons or objects expressing dearness

    Pronoun[edit]

    丸(まる) • (maru) 

    1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): first-person singular, I, me

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    丸
    まろ
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    ⟨maro2⟩ → */marə/ → /maro/

    From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form.

    Adjective[edit]

    丸(まろ) • (maro) †-nari

    1. round
    2. plump and thick
    3. all, whole
      Synonym: 全部 (zenbu)

    Noun[edit]

    丸(まろ) • (maro) 

    1. a round object
    2. all, whole
    3. coins, money
      Synonym: 銭 (zeni)
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Proper noun[edit]

    丸(まろ) • (Maro) 

    1. A surname​.

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    丸
    がん
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    /ɡwan/ → /ɡan/

    From Middle Chinese 丸 (MC ɦuɑn).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    丸(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

    1. round; circular

    Noun[edit]

    丸(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

    1. a meatball, fishball
    2. a pill
      Synonym: 丸薬 (gan'yaku)

    Proper noun[edit]

    丸(がん) • (Gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

    1. A surname​.

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    • New Nelson: 34
    • Halpern: 3417
    • Halpern Learners: 2134
    • Heisig: 44
    • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 0a3.28
    1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    丸 (eumhun 둥글 환 (dunggeul hwan))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    丸: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn, hòn, giúp, xắp, xóp

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

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