孰

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孰 U+5B70, 孰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B70
← 孯
[U+5B6F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 孱 →
[U+5B71]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

孰 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜木大弓戈 (YDKNI), four-corner 05417, composition ⿰享丸)

Derived characters[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 280, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6995
  • Dae Jaweon: page 549, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1016, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5B70

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 孰
alternative forms 𠅩
𩪿
𦏧

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 孰
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (孰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
熟 *djɯwɢ
孰 *djɯwɢ
塾 *djɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯwɢ) : phonetic 𦎫 () + semantic 丮. In modern script 𦎫 and 丮 have corrupted into 享 and 丸 respectively.

Etymology[edit]

From *du + *-k (“distributive suffix”); cognate with 誰 (OC *djul, “who”), 疇 (OC *du, “who”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 孰
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 東 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 殊六切
Baxter dzyuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑiuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑuwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		suk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 孰
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[d]uk/
English who

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 孰
Reading # 1/1
No. 11798
Phonetic
component 		孰
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		熟
Old
Chinese 		/*djɯwɢ/

Definitions[edit]

孰

  1. Original form of 熟 (shú).
  2. emphatic or interrogative pronoun
    1. who; whoever; whomever
      人非聖賢，孰能無過 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      人非圣贤，孰能无过 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      rén fēi shèngxián, shú néng wú guò [Pinyin]
      People are not sages; who can be without error?
    2. what; what else; whatever
    3. which; which one (what among the explicitly or implicitly mentioned)

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 誰 (“who; whom”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 誰1, 疇, 孰, 誰人, 何人, 何者, 阿誰
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 誰1
Mandarin Beijing 誰1
Taiwan 誰1
Ulanhot 誰1
Tongliao 誰1
Chifeng 誰1, 誰們 plural
Bayanhot 誰1, 誰們 plural
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 誰1
Harbin 誰1
Shenyang 誰1
Yantai (Muping) 誰1
Qingdao 誰1
Weifang (Weicheng) 誰1
Weifang (Fangzi) 誰1
Weifang (Hanting) 誰1
Changyi 誰1
Gaomi 誰1
Zhucheng 誰1
Anqiu 誰1
Changle 誰1
Linqu 誰1
Qingzhou 誰1
Shouguang 誰1
Wulian 誰1
Jinan 誰1
Luoyang 誰1
Wanrong 哪𠰻
Wanrong (Ronghe) 啥外
Zhengzhou 誰1
Xi'an 誰1
Yinchuan 誰1
Lanzhou 誰1, 誰個, 誰們
Xining 阿個, 阿一個, 啥人
Ürümqi 誰1, 誰一個, 誰們
Yanqi 誰1
Wuhan 哪個, 啥個
Huanggang 哪個, 啥個
Chengdu 哪個, 啥子人
Guiyang 哪個
Kunming 哪個
Guilin 誰1, 哪個
Liuzhou 哪個, 哪人
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 哪個
Xuzhou 誰1, 哪個
Yangzhou 哪個, 哪一個
Nanjing 哪個
Hefei 哪個, 哈個
Nantong 哪個, 哪一個, 哪個人
Malaysia 誰1
Singapore 誰1
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 誰1
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 誰1
Mae Salong (Lancang) 哪個
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 誰1
Cantonese Guangzhou 邊個, 乜誰, 乜人, 阿誰
Hong Kong 邊個, 乜誰, 阿誰
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 邊個, 哪誰
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 阿誰
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 哪誰
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 哪誰人
Macau 邊個
Guangzhou (Panyu) 邊個
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 乜誰
Guangzhou (Conghua) 乜誰
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 乜誰
Foshan 邊個
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 邊個
Foshan (Shunde) 邊個
Foshan (Sanshui) 邊個
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 邊個
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 邊個
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 邊個
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 邊個, 乜誰
Zhuhai (Doumen) 阿誰
Jiangmen (Baisha) 邊個
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 誰, 邊個
Taishan 阿誰
Kaiping (Chikan) 乜誰, 阿誰, 乜人
Enping (Niujiang) 哥誰
Heshan (Yayao) 唔個
Dongguan 鼠個, 乜誰
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 乜誰
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 哪人
Qingyuan 邊個
Fogang 邊個
Yingde (Hanguang) 邊個
Shaoguan 邊個
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 邊個
Renhua 邊個
Lechang 邊個
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 乜誰
Sihui 邊個
Guangning 邊個
Deqing 邊個
Yunfu 邊個
Xinxing 不個
Luoding 邊個
Yangjiang 乜誰
Xinyi 乜人, 乜誰
Lianjiang 乜人
Nanning 邊個
Wuzhou 邊個
Hepu (Lianzhou) 乜人
Baise 邊個
Qinzhou 乜人, 邊人, 邊個
Beihai 乜人
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 乜人
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 邊個, 乜人
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 乜人
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 邊個
Singapore (Guangfu) 邊個
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 邊個
Móng Cái 乜人
Gan Nanchang 哪個
Lichuan 哪個
Pingxiang 哪仔, 哪個仔
Hakka Meixian 麼人, 哪儕
Xingning 哪隻
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 哪誰, 哪隻
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 哪誰
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 哪誰
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 哪誰
Huidong (Daling) 哪隻, 哪人
Dongguan (Qingxi) 哪人, 麼個人
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 哪誰
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 哪誰
Boluo (Bendihua) 哪誰
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 哪下
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 哪下, 哪下人
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 哪下
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 哪人
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 哪儕
Wuhua (Huacheng) 哪儕, 麼人
Wuhua (Mianyang) 麼人, 哪儕
Heyuan (Bendihua) 哪誰
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 哪誰
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 哪隻
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 哪隻
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 哪隻
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 哪咧
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 哪個
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 哪個
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 哪
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 哪人, 哪個
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 哪儕
Liannan 哪人
Conghua (Lütian) 哪人
Jiexi 哪儕
Changting 哪個, 哪個哩
Wuping 哪個, 麼人
Wuping (Pingyu) 麼人
Liancheng 哪個, 麼人
Ninghua 台人
Ruijin 哪人, 哪個
Shicheng 斯里
Shangyou (Shexi) 哪人, 哪個人
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 麼人, 麼儕, 哪儕
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 麼人, 麼儕
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 麼人, 麼儕, 哪儕
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 麼人, 麼儕, 哪儕
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 麼人, 麼儕, 哪儕
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 麼儕, 哪儕
Hong Kong 哪人
Luchuan 麼人
Luchuan (Daqiao) 麼人
Sabah (Longchuan) 哪人
Senai (Huiyang) 麼人
Singkawang 麼儕
Huizhou Jixi 哪個
Shexian 哪個
Tunxi 哪個
Xiuning 哪個
Yixian 哪個
Qimen 何望
Wuyuan 何一個, 唆羅
Fuliang 誰個
Dexing 麼人
Jingde 哪個
Jin Taiyuan 誰1, 誰們 usually plural
Pingyao 誰1, 誰家 plural, 誰家們家 plural, 誰們 plural
Xinzhou 誰1, 誰們 usually plural
Taibus (Baochang) 誰1, 誰們 plural
Linhe 誰1, 誰們 plural
Jining 誰1, 誰們 plural
Hohhot 誰1, 誰們 plural
Baotou 誰1, 誰們 plural
Dongsheng 誰1, 誰們 plural
Haibowan 誰1, 誰們 plural
Northern Min Jian'ou 孰人, 孰麼人
Songxi 哪人
Zhenghe 孰麼人
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 哪隻, 若隻
Jianyang 孰人
Wuyishan 什麼人
Pucheng (Shibei) 孰人, 孰麼人
Eastern Min Fuzhou 底儂
Changle 底儂
Fuqing 底儂, 什乇儂
Pingtan 底儂
Yongtai 底儂
Gutian 底儂
Fu'an 底儂
Ningde 底儂, 儂
Shouning 呢乇儂, 哪個
Zhouning 底儂
Fuding 乇儂
Matsu 底儂
Singapore (Fuqing) 底儂
Southern Min Xiamen 誰2, 誰3, 誰4, 是誰, 啥儂, 啥物儂, 什物儂, 底儂
Xiamen (Tong'an) 啥儂, 誰2
Quanzhou 誰2, 誰4, 是誰, 啥儂
Jinjiang 啥儂, 誰2
Nan'an 啥儂, 誰2
Shishi 啥儂, 誰2
Hui'an 啥儂, 誰2
Anxi 啥儂, 誰2
Yongchun 底儂, 誰3
Dehua 底儂, 誰3
Zhangzhou 誰5, 是誰, 啥儂, 哪儂, 什物儂, 佗一股, 佗一個, 佗一
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 誰5
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 誰5
Hua'an 底股
Nanjing 誰5
Pinghe 誰5
Zhangpu 誰5
Yunxiao 誰5
Zhao'an 什物儂
Dongshan 是誰, 底儂
Taipei 啥物儂
New Taipei (Sanxia) 啥儂
Kaohsiung 啥物儂
Yilan 啥儂, 誰2
Changhua (Lukang) 啥物儂, 誰2
Taichung 誰5, 啥儂
Tainan 啥物儂
Hsinchu 誰2, 啥物儂
Kinmen 誰3, 啥儂, 誰2
Penghu (Magong) 誰3
Penang (Hokkien) 誰誰, 誰誰儂, 是誰
Singapore (Hokkien) 啥儂, 誰2, 啥物儂, 是誰, 誰3
Manila (Hokkien) 誰仔, 啥儂
Longyan 底儂, 誰2
Zhangping 底儂, 誰2
Zhangping (Yongfu) 誰1
Datian 什儂, 底儂
Pingnan (Shangdu) 乜儂
Guilin (Biyange) 乜儂
Chaozhou 底𫢗, 𫢗
Shantou 底𫢗, 底儂
Shantou (Chenghai) 底𫢗
Jieyang 底𫢗
Haifeng 𫢗, 底𫢗
Bangkok (Teochew) 底𫢗
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 底𫢗
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 底𫢗
Singapore (Teochew) 底𫢗
Pontianak (Teochew) 底𫢗
Leizhou 誰3, 誰儂
Wenchang 誰3
Haikou 誰3
Puxian Min Putian 什儂
Xianyou 什儂
Central Min Yong'an 誰儕, 何隻
Sanyuan 何隻
Shaxian 啥人
Yanping (Wangtai) 誰人
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 底儂
Sanxiang 底儂
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 哪個
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 哪個
Shehua Luoyuan 什人
Sanming 哪個
Shunchang 什人
Guixi (Zhangping) 什個人
Jingning 哪個
Lishui 哪個
Longyou 哪個
Chaozhou 哪個
Fengshun 麼人
Waxiang Luxi (Lijiatian) 何條
Wu Shanghai 啥人
Shanghai (Chongming) 何人
Suzhou 啥人
Wuxi 啥人
Danyang 哪個, 點高人
Hangzhou 哪個
Ningbo 啥人, 誰儂 dated
Wenzhou 何乜人, 乜人, 誰人, 何人
Jinhua 哪個
Xiang Changsha 哪個, 何至個 suburbs
Xiangtan 哪個, 哪
Loudi 哪個, 誰個
Shuangfeng 哪個
Quanzhou 哪個

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

孰

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. which, how, who

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

孰 (eum 숙 (suk))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

孰: Hán Nôm readings: thục

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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