丹

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 丼 and 开
丹 U+4E39, 丹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E39
← 丸
[U+4E38] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 为 →
[U+4E3A]
丹 U+F95E, 丹
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F95E
← 諾
[U+F95D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 寧 →
[U+F95F]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

丹 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月卜 (BY), four-corner 77440, composition ⿻⺆亠 or ⿻⺆⿱丶一)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 80, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 99
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 44, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E39

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 丹
alternative forms
 
𠂁
𠁿
𠕑
𢒈
㣋
𠂁
𠁿
𠕑
𢒈
㣋
㐤

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 丹
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j12547

j12548

j12549

Bronze inscriptions

b07719

Small seal script

s03655

Transcribed ancient scripts

L06505

L06506

L06507

L06508

L06509

L06510

L06511

L06512

L06513

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丹 *taːn
旃 *tjan
栴 *tjan

Etymology[edit]

Schuessler (2007) proposes 丹 (OC *tân) (< *tlan) and 矸 (*kân) (< *klan) (in Xunzi), both meaning "cinnabar", may be each other's variants and both could theoretically derive from foreign *klan; as the OC initials and *t- ~ *k- doublets indicate that this item was borrowed into Old Chinese. He further suggests a Kam-Tai origin and compares it to Proto-Kam-Sui [Term?] (h-lanC, “red”). Alternatively, Matisoff (2003) derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)a-n ~ *tsa-n, which STEDT currently neither derives 丹 from nor compares 丹 to.

Related to 旃 (OC *tjan, “a plain red flag”). Possibly related to 袒 (OC *daːnʔ), as skin color is often associated with "red", yet see there.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • dang1 - literary;
  • duan1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 牡丹).
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 丹
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 端 (5)
    Final (韻) 寒 (61)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 都寒切
    Baxter tan
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/tɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/tɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/tɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/tan/
    Li
    Rong         		/tɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/tɑn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/tɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		dān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		daan1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 丹
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		dān
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tan ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tˁan/
    English cinnabar

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 丹
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 1980
    Phonetic
    component         		丹
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		單
    Old
    Chinese         		/*taːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    丹

    1. cinnabar
    2. red
    3. refined medical substance
    4. a surname
    5. (Catholicism) Dan

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (red): See 紅／红
    • (cinnabar):
    • (Dan): (Protestantism) 但 (dàn)

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    丹

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. cinnabar
    2. red
    3. elixir made with cinnabar (e.g. Chinese elixir of life)
    4. improvised medicine
    5. devotion
    6. Short for 丹波国 (Tanba-koku, “Tanba Province”)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    丹
    に
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ni⟩.

    Cognate with 土 (ni, “earth, ground”).[1][2]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    丹(に) • (ni) 

    1. the color red
      Synonyms: 赤色 (akairo), 丹色 (niiro)
    2. red earth
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    丹
    たん
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tan).

    Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    丹(たん) • (tan) 

    1. cinnabar
      Synonym: 辰砂 (shinsha)
    2. a yellowish-red pigment made from lead oxide, used, for example, in nihonga
    3. medicine, especially one for inducing immortality
      Synonym: 薬 (yaku)
    4. a yellow-red color, as of cinnabar
    Derived terms[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    丹(たん) • (Tan) 

    1. a surname

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tan).

    Hanja[edit]

    丹 (eumhun 붉을 단 (bulgeul dan))

    1. Hanja form? of 단 (“red”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    丹 (eumhun 정성스러울 란 (jeongseongseureoul ran), South Korea 정성스러울 난 (jeongseongseureoul nan))

    1. Hanja form? of 란 (“devotion”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
    • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丹

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    丹: Hán Việt readings: đan (都(đô)艱(gian)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], đơn[5][4]
    丹: Nôm readings: đơn[2][6][5][4][7], đan[1][2][3][6]

    1. chữ Hán form of đan/đơn (“cinnabar”).
    2. chữ Hán form of đan/đơn (“red color”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Génibrel (1898).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bonet (1899).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hồ (1976).
    7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=丹&oldid=73905814"