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U+4E39, 丹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E39

[U+4E38]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E3A]
U+F95E, 丹
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F95E

[U+F95D]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F95F]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 3, +3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月卜 (BY), four-corner 77440, composition or )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 80, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 99
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 44, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E39

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Etymology[edit]

Schuessler (2007) proposes (OC *tân) (< *tlan) and (*kân) (< *klan) (in Xunzi), both meaning "cinnabar", may be each other's variants and both could theoretically derive from foreign *klan; as the OC initials and *t- ~ *k- doublets indicate that this item was borrowed into Old Chinese. He further suggests a Kam-Tai origin and compares it to Proto-Kam-Sui [Term?] (h-lanC, red). Alternatively, Matisoff (2003) derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)a-n ~ *tsa-n, which STEDT currently neither derives from nor compares to.

Related to (OC *tjan, “a plain red flag”). Possibly related to (OC *daːnʔ), as skin color is often associated with "red", yet see there.

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • dang1 - literary;
  • duan1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 牡丹).
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (5)
    Final () (61)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter tan
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /tɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /tɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /tɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /tan/
    Li
    Rong
    /tɑn/
    Wang
    Li
    /tɑn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /tɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    dān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    daan1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    dān
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tan ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tˁan/
    English cinnabar

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 1980
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*taːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. cinnabar
    2. red
    3. refined medical substance
    4. a surname
    5. (Catholicism) Dan

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (red): See
    • (cinnabar):
    • (Dan): (Protestantism) (dàn)

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. cinnabar
    2. red
    3. elixir made with cinnabar (e.g. Chinese elixir of life)
    4. improvised medicine
    5. devotion
    6. Short for 丹波国 (Tanba-koku, Tanba Province)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ni⟩.

    Cognate with (ni, earth, ground).[1][2]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    () (ni

    1. the color red
      Synonyms: 赤色 (akairo), 丹色 (niiro)
    2. red earth
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    たん
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (MC tan).

    Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (たん) (tan

    1. cinnabar
      Synonym: 辰砂 (shinsha)
    2. a yellowish-red pigment made from lead oxide, used, for example, in nihonga
    3. medicine, especially one for inducing immortality
      Synonym: (yaku)
    4. a yellow-red color, as of cinnabar
    Derived terms[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    (たん) (Tan

    1. a surname

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC tan).

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun 붉을 (bulgeul dan))

    1. Hanja form? of (red).

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun 정성스러울 (jeongseongseureoul ran), South Korea 정성스러울 (jeongseongseureoul nan))

    1. Hanja form? of (devotion).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
    • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丹

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Việt readings: đan ((đô)(gian)(thiết))[1][2][3][4], đơn[5][4]
    : Nôm readings: đơn[2][6][5][4][7], đan[1][2][3][6]

    1. chữ Hán form of đan/đơn (cinnabar).
    2. chữ Hán form of đan/đơn (red color).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]