青
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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Han character[edit]
青 (Kangxi radical 174, 靑+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手一月 (QMB), four-corner 50227, composition ⿱龶月)
Derived characters[edit]
- Appendix:Chinese radical/靑
- 倩, 凊, 啨, 埥, 婧, 崝, 情, 掅, 清, 猜, 晴, 腈, 棈, 𭴼, 睛, 碃, 精, 綪(𬘬), 蜻, 請(请), 錆(锖), 郬, 寈, 菁, 箐, 圊
Related characters[edit]
- 靑 (Orthodox form in Kangxi dictionary, preferred form in Korean hanja)
References[edit]
- KangXi: not present, would follow page 1381, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42564
- Dae Jaweon: page 1893, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4046, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9752
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 青 | |||
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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猜 | *sʰlɯː |
輤 | *sʰleːns |
綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
棈 | *sʰleːns |
蒨 | *sʰeːns |
篟 | *sʰeːns |
生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
牲 | *sreŋ |
笙 | *sreŋ |
甥 | *sreŋ |
鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
珄 | *sreŋ |
鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
狌 | *sreŋ |
眚 | *sreŋʔ |
貹 | *sreŋs |
崝 | *zreːŋ |
精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
清 | *sʰleŋ |
圊 | *sʰleŋ |
請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
凊 | *sʰleŋs |
䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
靚 | *zleŋs |
情 | *zleŋ |
晴 | *zleŋ |
夝 | *zleŋ |
靜 | *zleŋʔ |
靖 | *zleŋʔ |
睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
性 | *sleŋs |
姓 | *sleŋs |
靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
青 | *sʰleːŋ |
靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
胜 | *sleːŋ |
曐 | *sleːŋ |
星 | *sleːŋ |
鮏 | *sleːŋ |
腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
鯹 | *seːŋ |
醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
篂 | *seːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 生 (“growth of plants”) + 丹 (“cinnabar”). Cinnabar was used for dyeing, and by extension, came to imply “color” in general, giving the combined meaning “color of growing plants” → “blue-green”.
In the modern glyph, the top component is reduced to 龶, and the bottom component resembles the unrelated 月 (“moon”).
The second-round simplified form of the character is based on the calligraphic form of the character.
Etymology 1[edit]
trad. | 青/靑 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 青 | |
2nd round simp. | 𰀈 | |
alternative forms |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, “green; blue”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”). Note 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ) may be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
青
- blue-green; blue (of sky, stone etc.); green (of grass, plants, mountain etc.)
- blue-green ("grue")-colored items
- black (of hair, cloth, silk thread etc.)
- (Min Nan) green
- 青紅燈/青红灯 [Hokkien] ― chheⁿ-âng-teng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― traffic light
- (Hong Kong) lime green
- young; adolescent
- Short for 青年 (qīngnián).
- (literary, obsolete) east
- (literary, obsolete) spring
- Short for 青海 (Qīnghǎi, “Qinghai Province”).
- a surname
Usage notes[edit]
The meaning for “blue” and “black” is more commonly used in Classical Chinese, while in modern Chinese, the meaning for “green” is more common. In fact, 青 covered both green and blue ("grue") until modern times. For example, 青山綠水 (“hill or water green in color”), 青蘋果 (“green apple”). However, there are still some expressions for the meaning of blue, e.g. 青天 (“blue sky”), 青出於藍 (“blue comes from indigo; someone performing better than their teacher”)
In Cantonese, the use of 青 to mean “black” is still used in circumstances where to use 黑 (hak1) would be inauspicious, as it is a near-homophone of 乞 (hat1, “beggar”). For example, 黑衣 (hak1 ji1) used to describe clothing would be a near-homophone of both beggar and a beggar's garment.
See also[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 一丈青
- 七青八黃/七青八黄
- 三青子
- 不問青黃/不问青黄
- 並概青雲/并概青云
- 丹青 (dānqīng)
- 丹青妙手
- 丹青手
- 佛青
- 俯拾青紫
- 催青
- 共青團/共青团 (gòngqīngtuán)
- 刺青 (cìqīng)
- 包青天 (Bāoqīngtiān)
- 半青半黃/半青半黄
- 取青媲白
- 司馬青衫/司马青衫
- 名垂青史 (míngchuíqīngshǐ)
- 名標青史/名标青史
- 啃青 (kěnqīng)
- 回復青春/回复青春
- 回青
- 土瀝青/土沥青
- 垂青 (chuíqīng)
- 壓青/压青
- 大青
- 大青年
- 天青 (tiānqīng)
- 女青年會/女青年会
- 妙手丹青
- 對青山/对青山 (Duìqīngshān)
- 小青
- 小青瓦
- 山鹽青/山盐青
- 布襪青鞋/布袜青鞋
- 常青 (chángqīng)
- 干青雲/干青云
- 平地青雲/平地青云
- 平步青雲/平步青云 (píngbùqīngyún)
- 康青
- 愣頭兒青/愣头儿青
- 拖紫垂青
- 抽青配白
- 掇青拾紫
- 放青
- 放青苗 (fàngqīngmiáo)
- 斑青鱗魚/斑青鳞鱼
- 朱閣青樓/朱阁青楼
- 松柏長青/松柏长青
- 柳青
- 柏青哥 (bóqīnggē)
- 楊柳青/杨柳青
- 楞頭青/楞头青 (lèngtóuqīng)
- 步青雲/步青云
- 殺青/杀青 (shāqīng)
- 毛蒂青皮
- 水碧山青
- 水秀山青
- 水綠山青/水绿山青
- 汗青 (hànqīng)
- 海東青/海东青 (hǎidōngqīng)
- 海青 (hǎiqīng)
- 清堂瓦舍
- 淡青
- 瀝青/沥青 (lìqīng)
- 瀝青炭/沥青炭
- 瀝青石/沥青石
- 爐火純青/炉火纯青 (lúhuǒchúnqīng)
- 獨垂青盼/独垂青盼
- 玄青 (xuánqīng)
- 發青/发青 (fāqīng)
- 白璧青蠅/白璧青蝇
- 白青 (Báiqīng)
- 白飯青芻/白饭青刍
- 白髮青衫/白发青衫
- 直上青雲/直上青云
- 看青
- 知青 (zhīqīng)
- 石青
- 碧海青天
- 萬古長青/万古长青 (wàngǔchángqīng)
- 萬年青/万年青
- 空青
- 竹葉青/竹叶青 (zhúyèqīng)
- 篾青 (mièqīng)
- 糞青/粪青 (fènqīng)
- 紅粉青樓/红粉青楼
- 紅粉青蛾/红粉青蛾
- 紅青/红青
- 紆青拖紫/纡青拖紫
- 紺青/绀青
- 絳青/绛青
- 綠水青山/绿水青山 (lǜshuǐqīngshān)
- 縈青繚白/萦青缭白
- 群青 (qúnqīng)
- 芒果青
- 芥拾青紫
- 花青
- 花青素 (huāqīngsù)
- 茶青 (cháqīng)
- 菜青 (càiqīng)
- 藏青 (zàngqīng)
- 藍青/蓝青 (lánqīng)
- 藍青官話/蓝青官话 (lánqīng guānhuà)
- 蛋青
- 螺青
- 蟹青
- 衛青/卫青
- 豆青
- 貪青/贪青
- 買青苗/买青苗
- 踏青 (tàqīng)
- 軟青皮/软青皮
- 郁郁青青
- 銀青/银青
- 鋁青銅/铝青铜
- 鐵青/铁青 (tiěqīng)
- 長青/长青 (chángqīng)
- 長青學苑/长青学苑
- 長青樹/长青树
- 雕青
- 雨過天青/雨过天青
- 青BB
- 青丘 (Qīngqiū)
- 青丹
- 青光眼 (qīngguāngyǎn)
- 青冢
- 青冥
- 青出於藍/青出于蓝 (qīngchūyúlán)
- 青北 (Qīngběi)
- 青史 (qīngshǐ)
- 青史傳名/青史传名 (qīngshǐchuánmíng)
- 青史名留
- 青史流芳
- 青史留名
- 青城山 (Qīngchéng Shān)
- 青壯/青壮
- 青壯年/青壮年 (qīngzhuàngnián)
- 青天 (qīngtiān)
- 青天白日 (qīngtiānbáirì)
- 青天霹靂/青天霹雳
- 青女
- 青奴
- 青娥 (qīng'é)
- 青字底 (qīngzìdǐ)
- 青宮/青宫
- 青少年 (qīngshàonián)
- 青少棒
- 青尾
- 青山 (qīngshān)
- 青山一髮/青山一发
- 青山綠水/青山绿水 (qīngshānlǜshuǐ)
- 青島/青岛 (Qīngdǎo)
- 青峰 (Qīngfēng)
- 青島市/青岛市
- 青州 (Qīngzhōu)
- 青州從事/青州从事
- 青帘
- 青幫/青帮 (Qīngbāng)
- 青年 (qīngnián)
- 青年商店
- 青年問題/青年问题
- 青年守則/青年守则
- 青年會/青年会
- 青年有為/青年有为
- 青年期 (qīngniánqī)
- 青年節/青年节 (Qīngniánjié)
- 青廬/青庐
- 青弋江
- 青旌
- 青春 (qīngchūn)
- 青春年少 (qīngchūnniánshào)
- 青春期 (qīngchūnqī)
- 青春永駐/青春永驻
- 青春活力 (qīngchūn huólì)
- 青春痘 (qīngchūndòu)
- 青果 (qīngguǒ)
- 青梅 (qīngméi)
- 青梅竹馬/青梅竹马 (qīngméizhúmǎ)
- 青梗菜 (qīnggěngcài)
- 青椒 (qīngjiāo)
- 青棒
- 青楓/青枫
- 青楊/青杨
- 青樓/青楼 (qīnglóu)
- 青氈舊物/青毡旧物
- 青江白菜
- 青泥
- 青油油
- 青海 (Qīnghǎi)
- 青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú)
- 青湛湛
- 青澀/青涩 (qīngsè)
- 青灰
- 青煙/青烟
- 青燈/青灯
- 青燈黃卷/青灯黄卷 (qīngdēnghuángjuàn)
- 青牛
- 青牛紫氣/青牛紫气
- 青玉
- 青瓦臺/青瓦台 (Qīngwǎtái)
- 青瓷 (qīngcí)
- 青田石
- 青發/青发 (qīngfā)
- 青白
- 青白晦氣/青白晦气
- 青白眼
- 青皮 (qīngpí)
- 青目
- 青盲 (qīngmáng)
- 青眼 (qīngyǎn)
- 青睞/青睐 (qīnglài)
- 青稞 (qīngkē)
- 青空 (qīngkōng)
- 青竹絲/青竹丝
- 青筋 (qīngjīn)
- 青筋暴露
- 青簡/青简
- 青紅燈/青红灯
- 青紅皂白/青红皂白 (qīnghóngzàobái)
- 青紗帳/青纱帐
- 青紗障/青纱障
- 青紫 (qīngzǐ)
- 青絲/青丝 (qīngsī)
- 青綠/青绿 (qīnglǜ)
- 青綠山水/青绿山水
- 青羊觀/青羊观
- 青翠 (qīngcuì)
- 青肥 (qīngféi)
- 青腫/青肿
- 青臉獠牙/青脸獠牙
- 青色 (qīngsè)
- 青花 (qīnghuā)
- 青花瓷 (qīnghuācí)
- 青苔 (qīngtái)
- 青苗 (qīngmiáo)
- 青苗法
- 青草 (qīngcǎo)
- 青草湖
- 青菜 (qīngcài)
- 青萍
- 青菱 (Qīnglíng)
- 青蒿 (qīnghāo)
- 青蒜 (qīngsuàn)
- 青蓮/青莲 (qīnglián)
- 青蔥/青葱 (qīngcōng)
- 青蓮居士/青莲居士
- 青蓮色/青莲色
- 青蕪/青芜
- 青藜 (qīnglí)
- 青蘋/青苹
- 青虛虛/青虚虚
- 青蚨 (qīngfú)
- 青蛉
- 青蛇
- 青蚵
- 青蛙 (qīngwā)
- 青蛙肢
- 青蜂
- 青蝦/青虾
- 青螺
- 青蟲/青虫 (qīngchóng)
- 青蠅/青蝇
- 青蠅弔客/青蝇吊客
- 青蠅染白/青蝇染白
- 青蠅點素/青蝇点素
- 青衣 (qīngyī)
- 青衫 (qīngshān)
- 青衫子
- 青衫淚/青衫泪
- 青衫記/青衫记
- 青衿 (qīngjīn)
- 青袍 (qīngpáo)
- 青覽/青览 (qīnglǎn)
- 青詞/青词
- 青豆 (qīngdòu)
- 青貯/青贮
- 青貯塔/青贮塔
- 青過於藍/青过于蓝
- 青銅/青铜 (qīngtóng)
- 青銅器/青铜器 (qīngtóngqì)
- 青銅器時代/青铜器时代 (Qīngtóngqì Shídài)
- 青錢/青钱
- 青錢萬選/青钱万选
- 青鎖/青锁 (qīngsuǒ)
- 青鑒/青鉴
- 青門/青门
- 青陽/青阳 (Qīngyáng)
- 青雀
- 青雲/青云 (qīngyún)
- 青雲之器/青云之器
- 青雲之士/青云之士
- 青雲志/青云志
- 青雲直上/青云直上 (qīngyúnzhíshàng)
- 青霄
- 青青
- 青靚白靜/青靓白静
- 青面獠牙 (qīngmiànliáoyá)
- 青鞋布襪/青鞋布袜
- 青飼料/青饲料
- 青鬱/青郁
- 青魆魆
- 青魚/青鱼 (qīngyú)
- 青鮫/青鲛 (qīngjiāo)
- 青鳥/青鸟
- 青鴉鴉/青鸦鸦
- 青鶴/青鹤
- 青鷺/青鹭
- 青鸞/青鸾 (qīngluán)
- 青鹽/青盐
- 青黃/青黄
- 青黃不接/青黄不接 (qīnghuángbùjiē)
- 青黃皂白/青黄皂白
- 青黴/青霉 (qīngméi)
- 青黴素/青霉素 (qīngméisù)
- 青鼬 (qīngyòu)
- 青龍/青龙 (qīnglóng)
- 青龍庵/青龙庵 (Qīnglóng'ān)
- 青龍頭上/青龙头上
- 靛青 (diànqīng)
- 面皮鐵青/面皮铁青
- 面青
- 面青口脣白/面青口唇白
- 鬼捏青
- 鬼臉青/鬼脸青
- 鴉青/鸦青
- 鴉青鈔/鸦青钞
- 鴨蛋青/鸭蛋青
- 黃卷青燈/黄卷青灯
- 鼻青臉腫/鼻青脸肿 (bíqīngliǎnzhǒng)
Descendants[edit]
Others:
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
青
Etymology 2[edit]
trad. | 青 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 青 |
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
青
References[edit]
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04499
- “青”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #4515”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
青 | |
靑 |
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō †)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Sō-on: しい (shii)
- Kun: あお (ao, 青, Jōyō)←あを (awo, 青, historical); あおい (aoi, 青い, Jōyō)←あをい (awoi, 青い, historical); さお (sao, 青)←さを (sawo, 青, historical)
- Nanori: お (o); きよ (kiyo); はる (haru)
Compounds[edit]
- 青青 (seisei)
- 青果 (seika, “produce, fruits and vegetables”)
- 青化法 (seikahō)
- 青雲 (seiun)
- 青眼 (seigan)
- 青酸 (seisan, “hydrocyanic acid”)
- 青山 (seizan)
- 青史 (seishi)
- 青磁 (seiji)
- 青春 (seishun)
- 青松 (seishō)
- 青天 (seiten)
- 青銅 (seidō)
- 青年 (seinen)
- 青嵐 (seiran)
- 青竜 (seiryū)
- 青竜 (seiryō)
- 青竜 (shōryū)
- 汗青 (kansei)
- 殺青 (sassei)
- 丹青 (tansei)
- 瀝青 (rekisei, “bitumen”)
- 群青 (gunjō, “ultramarine”)
- 紺青 (konjō)
- 緑青 (rokushō)
- 刺青 (irezumi, “tattoo, tattooing”)
- 万年青 (omoto)
- 青菜 (chintsai)
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
青 |
あお Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
靑 (kyūjitai) |
/sawo/ (uncertain, may be compound as opposed to root) → /awo/ → /ao/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *awo.[1]
Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an -s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier form (sawo), or if this was an addition for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 雨 (ame, “rain”, becoming same in old compounds) and 稲 (ine, “rice”, becoming shine in old compounds).
Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix ㅅ (-s-) used to mark possession; compare German -s-.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- blue
- one of three primary colors
- a shade of blue to blue green
- (dated) green
- 青林檎
- ao ringo
- green apple
- 青林檎
- Short for 青信号 (ao-shingō): green light (traffic light color, as the color of plants)
- Antonym: 赤 (aka)
- the black, bluish color of a horse's hair; also, such a horse
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 39)[4]
- Auo. アヲ (青) 馬の毛色で, 全体に黒くて青みがあり, 両耳の内側に多少白いところのあるもの. この部分の毛も他の部分と同じようにすっかり黒い時には, Curo(黒)と呼ばれる.
- Synonym: 青毛 (aoge)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 39)[4]
- (card games) Short for 青短, 青丹 (aotan): one of the three hanafuda cards bearing a blue 短冊 (tanzaku, “narrow card used for poetry”); a 役 (yaku) of the three aotan cards, worth 3 points
- (card games) a blue card in 天正カルタ (Tenshō karuta)
- Short for 青本 (aohon): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
. - Short for 青銭 (aosen): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Derived terms[edit]
- 青い (aoi): blue (adjective)
- 青青 (aoao)
- 青嵐 (ao-arashi)
- 藍 (ai, “indigo”)
- 青海原 (ao-unabara)
- 青馬 (aouma)
- 青黴 (aokabi)
- 青桐 (aogiri)
- 青草 (aokusa)
- 青雲 (aokumo), 青雲 (aogumo)
- 青写真 (ao-jashin)
- 青信号 (ao-shingō, “green light”)
- 青筋 (aosuji)
- 青空 (aozora)
- 青田 (aota)
- 青竹 (aotake), 青竹 (aodake)
- 青短 (aotan), 青丹 (aotan)
- 青菜 (aona)
- 青嶺 (aone)
- 青虫 (aomushi)
- 青物 (aomono)
- 青柳 (aoyagi)
- 青山 (aoyama)
- 真青 (masao), 真っ青 (massao)
Proverb[edit]
- 青は藍より出でて藍より青し (ao wa ai yori idete ai yori aoshi)
See also[edit]
白 (shiro) | 灰色 (haīro), 鼠色 (nezumīro) (dated) |
黒 (kuro) |
赤 (aka); 深紅 (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅色 (benīro), 紅色 (kurenaīro), 茜色 (akaneiro) |
オレンジ (orenji), 橙色 (daidaīro); 茶色 (chairo), 褐色 (kasshoku) |
黄色 (kīro); クリーム色 (kurīmuiro) |
黄緑 (kimidori) | 緑 (midori), 青 (ao) (dated) |
若緑 (wakamidori) |
シアン (shian); 鴨の羽色 (kamo no hane iro) | 水色 (mizuiro) | 青 (ao) |
菫色 (sumireiro); 藍色 (aīro), インジゴ (injigo) |
マゼンタ (mazenta); 紫 (murasaki) | ピンク (pinku), 桃色 (momoiro) |
Prefix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
青 |
せい Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
靑 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 青 (MC t͡sʰeŋ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
青 |
しい Grade: 1 |
sōon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
靑 (kyūjitai) |
Unknown. The reading might be an obscure term from Old Japanese or dialect. The use of the character 青 arises from its 宋音 (sōon, “Song-dynasty pronunciation”).[5]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a weasel, and is said to have lived in present-day Fukuoka and Yamaguchi prefectures
- (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a wolf, and is said to have appeared around Mount Yoshino
References[edit]
- ^ Thomas Pellard. Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 2002, 京阪系アクセント辞典 (A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
- ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
青 (eumhun 푸를 청 (pureul cheong))
References[edit]
- Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 42. [2]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
青: Hán Việt readings: thanh
青: Nôm readings: thanh, thênh, xanh
References[edit]
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