円

See also: 圓, 圆, and 靑

円	U+5186, 円 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5186

← 内
[U+5185]

CJK Unified Ideographs

冇 →
[U+5187]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order (Japan)

Traditional	圓
Shinjitai	円
Simplified	圆

Han character[edit]

円 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月卜 (BY) or 月中一 (BLM), composition ⿵冂丄 or ⿵冂亠)

References[edit]

KangXi: not present, would follow page 128, character 35
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1513
Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 96, character 18
Unihan data for U+5186

Chinese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 円 – see 圓 (“circle; circular; round; etc.”). (This character, 円, is a variant form of 圓.)

Etymology 2[edit]

simp. and trad.		円

From Japanese 円(えん) (en).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuán, rìyuán (yuan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ, ㄖˋ ㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jen¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²
  - Yale: ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
  - Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rìyuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄖˋ ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rìhyuán
  - Wade–Giles: jih⁴-yüan²
  - Yale: r̀-ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ryhyuan
  - Palladius: жиюань (žijuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐ̩⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Note: rìyuán - reading it as 日圓.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jen¹
  - Yale: colloquial sounds not defined
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jen¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: colloquial sounds not defined
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛːn⁵⁵/

Definitions[edit]

円

Synonym of 日元 (rìyuán, “Japanese yen”).

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	円
Kyūjitai	圓

Glyph origin[edit]

Japanese simplification of 圓, via a simplified character similar to 𠮚.^[1]

Kanji[edit]

円

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 圓)

circle
yen

Readings[edit]

Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
Kun: つぶら (tsubura, 円ら); つぶらか (tsuburaka, 円らか); まと (mato); まどか (madoka, 円か); まどやか (madoyaka, 円やか); まる (maru, 円); まるい (marui, 円い, Jōyō); まるめる (marumeru, 円める); まろ (maro, 円); まろい (maroi, 円い); まろかす (marokasu, 円かす); まろかる (marokaru, 円かる); まろぐ (marogu, 円ぐ); まろむ (maromu, 円む); まろめる (maromeru, 円める); まろやか (maroyaka, 円やか); まろらか (maroraka, 円らか)
Nanori: つぶら (tsubura); のぶ (nobu); まどか (madoka); みつ (mitsu)

Compounds[edit]

円(まど)居(い) (madoi)

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
円
えん Grade: 1
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
圓 (kyūjitai)

円 on Japanese Wikipedia

円 (数学) on Japanese Wikipedia

円 (通貨) on Japanese Wikipedia

/wen/ → /eɴ/

From Middle Chinese 圓 (MC ziuᴇn, ɦˠiuᴇn), with the original sense of "circle, roundness".

The yen sense came much later in the Meiji period, from Chinese 圓／圆 (yuán), itself from 銀圓／银圆 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”). Compare Chinese 元 (yuán, “yuan”) and Korean 원 (won, “Korean won”).

The yen became the official currency of Japan in 1871, succeeding the 両 (ryō) and the 文 (mon).

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi

(Tokyo) えん [éꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Noun[edit]

円(えん) • (en) ^{←ゑん (wen)^?}

a round or circular object; a circle; roundness
(mathematics) circle (set of all points in plane at a given distance and at a given point)
Synonym: 円周 (enshū)
yen
one yen is equal to 100 銭 (sen)

Synonym: 円貨 (enka)
- 1989 November 10 [May 25 1988], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ミニチュア製造カメラ [Miniature-Generating Camera]”, in 征地球論 [A Debate over Conquering Earth] (藤子・Ｆ・不二雄ＳＦ全短編; 3), volume 3 (fiction), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 322:
  
  一(いち)億(おく)円(えん)⁉いらん帰(かえ)れ
  Ichioku-en⁉ Iran kaere
  100 million yen!? Get outta here!
  一(いっ)千(せん)万(まん)円(えん)でいい　百(ひゃく)万(まん)円(えん)！十(じゅう)万(まん)円(えん)！一(いち)万(まん)円(えん)！
  Issenman-en de ii Hyakuman-en! Jūman-en! Ichiman-en!
  Okay, 10 million yen then. 1 million! 100,000! 10,000!

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

(circle):
- 円(えん)軌(き)道(どう) (en kidō)
- 円(えん)グラフ (en-gurafu, “pie chart”)
- 外(がい)接(せつ)円(えん) (gaisetsuen)
- 四(し)分(ぶん)円(えん) (shibun-en)
- 内(ない)接(せつ)円(えん) (naisetsuen)
- 大(だい)円(えん) (daien)
- 同(どう)心(しん)円(えん) (dōshin'en)
- 半(はん)円(えん) (han'en)
(yen):
- 円(えん)高(だか) (endaka, “strong yen”)
- 円(えん)安(やす) (en'yasu, “weak yen”)
- 円(えん)為(かわ)替(せ) (en-kawase, “yen exchange”)
- 円(えん)価(か) (enka, “yen value”)
- 円(えん)貨(か) (enka)
- 円(えん)記(き)号(ごう) (en kigō, the yen symbol, ¥)
- 円(えん)借(しゃっ)款(かん) (en shakkan)
- 円(えん)相(そう)場(ば) (en sōba, “yen exchange rate”)
- 円(えん)建(だ)て (en-date)

Descendants[edit]

→ Chinese: 円
→ English: yen
- → Vietnamese: yên
→ French: yen
→ German: Yen
→ Korean: 엔 (en)
→ Portuguese: iene
→ Russian: иена (ijena)
→ Greek: γιεν (gien)

Affix[edit]

円(えん) • (en) ^{←ゑん (wen)^?}

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

円(えん)運(うん)動(どう) (en undō, “circular motion”)
円(えん)蓋(がい) (engai, “dome”)
円(えん)滑(かつ) (enkatsu)
円(えん)罐(かま) (enkama)
円(えん)環(かん) (enkan)
円(えん)規(き) (enki, “compass (drawing tool)”)
円(えん)丘(きゅう) (enkyū)
円(えん)鏡(きょう) (enkyō)
円(えん)形(けい) (enkei)
円(えん)弧(こ) (enko)
円(えん)光(こう) (enkō)
円(えん)寂(じゃく) (enjaku)
円(えん)周(しゅう) (enshū, “circle”)
円(えん)熟(じゅく) (enjuku)
円(えん)心(しん) (enshin)
円(えん)陣(じん) (enjin)
円(えん)錐(すい) (ensui)
円(えん)窓(そう) (ensō)
円(えん)卓(たく) (entaku)
円(えん)柱(ちゅう) (enchū)
円(えん)虫(ちゅう)類(るい) (enchūrui)
円(えん)頂(ちょう) (enchō)
円(えん)転(てん) (enten)
円(えん)筒(とう) (entō)
円(えん)盤(ばん) (enban)
円(えん)舞(ぶ) (enbu)
円(えん)墳(ぷん) (enpun)
円(えん)偏(へん)光(こう) (en henkō)
円(えん)本(ぽん) (Enpon)
円(えん)満(まん) (enman)
円(えん)顱(ろ) (enro)
一(いち)円(えん) (ichien)
団(だん)円(えん) (dan'en)
楕(だ)円(えん), 橢(だ)円(えん) (daen), 長(ちょう)円(えん) (chōen, “oval, ellipse”)
方(ほう)円(えん) (hōen)
遊(ゆう)動(どう)円(えん)木(ぼく) (yūdōenboku)
卵(らん)円(えん)孔(こう) (ran'enkō)

Proper noun[edit]

円(えん) • (En) ^{←ゑん (wen)^?}

a surname
a female given name

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
円
まろ Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
圓 (kyūjitai)

⟨maro₂⟩ → /maro/

From Old Japanese.

Noun[edit]

円(まろ) • (maro)

(archaic) Alternative spelling of 丸 (“roundness, plumpness”)

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

円(まろ)し (maroshi), 円(まろ)い (maroi, “round”)
円(まろ)み (maromi)

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
円
まる Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
圓 (kyūjitai)

/maro/ → /maru/

Sound shift from maro above.

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) まる [màrú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ma̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun[edit]

円(まる) • (maru)

Alternative spelling of 丸 (“circle”)

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

円(まる)し (marushi), 円(まる)い (marui, “round”)
円(まる)み (marumi)
円(まる)顔(がお) (marugao)
円(まる)鏡(かがみ) (marukagami)
円(まる)形(がた), 円(まる)型(がた) (marugata)
円(まる)鉋(がんな) (maruganna)
円(まる)錐(ぎり) (marugiri)
円(まる)天(てん)井(じょう) (maru tenjō)
円(まる)刃(ば) (maruba)
円(マル)花(ハナ)蜂(バチ) (maru-hanabachi, “bumblebee”)
円(まる)盆(ぼん) (marubon)
円(まる)窓(まど) (marumado)
円(まる)屋(や)根(ね) (maruyane, “cupola”)
黒(くろ)円(まる) (kuromaru)

Prefix[edit]

円(まる) • (maru-)

Alternative spelling of 丸: prefix to numbers remaining constant
Alternative spelling of 丸: prefix to noun to mean an object is completely in that noun

Proper noun[edit]

円(まる) • (Maru)

a unisex given name

Etymology 4[edit]

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun[edit]

円(のどか) or 円(つぶら) or 円(まどか) or 円(まろか) or 円(みつ) or 円(めぐる) • (Nodoka or Tsubura or Madoka or Maroka or Mitsu or Meguru)

a female given name

円(つぶら) or 円(まどか) or 円(まとめ) • (Tsubura or Madoka or Matome)

a surname

円(まろし) • (Maroshi)

a unisex given name

References[edit]

^ Toshinobu Sakaida, 円（圓）の異体字
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja in this term
円

Hanja[edit]

円 (eum 엔 (en))

hanja for names^[1]^[2]

Usage notes[edit]

This is the only character whose pronunciation is from modern Japanese, not from Classical Chinese.

References[edit]

^ 인명용 한자표
^ 엔, 한자사전

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

円: Hán Nôm readings: viên

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Toshinobu Sakaida, 円（圓）の異体字

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[3] 인명용 한자표

[4] 엔, 한자사전

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

円

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

See also[edit]

Affix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Prefix[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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