信

See also: 㐰 and 伩

信	U+4FE1, 信 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FE1

← 俠
[U+4FE0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

俢 →
[U+4FE2]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

信 (radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人卜一口 (OYMR), four-corner 2026₁, composition ⿰亻言)

Derived characters[edit]

㜃𠒷𦴩

References[edit]

KangXi: page 105, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 707
Dae Jaweon: page 224, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 165, character 1
Unihan data for U+4FE1

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		信
alternative forms		㐰孞伩 2nd‐round simp.

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 信

**Small seal script**
s01702	s01703

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L36438	L36439	L36440	L36441	L36442	L21999	L22000	L22001
L22002	L22003	L22004	L22005	L22006	L22007	L22008	L22009
L22010	L22011	L22012	L22013	L22014	L22015	L22016	L22017
L22018	L22019	L22020	L22021	L22022	L22023	L22024

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 人 (“person”) + 言 (“word”)

Etymology 1[edit]

Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *sin and suggests possible derivation from 允 (OC *winʔ, “to trust; to be true”).

Alternatively, Sagart and Baxter (2012) reconstruct *s-niŋ-s (*s-ni[ŋ]-s in Baxter and Sagart, 2014) and suggest a derivation from 仁 (OC *niŋ, “kind”) with the prefix *s-, probably used to increase its valency.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xìn (xin⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣˋ

(Chengdu, SP): xin⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic): щин (xin, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): seon³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhin¹, lhin^1*
Gan (Wiktionary): xin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sin

(Meixian, Guangdong): xin⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): xing³
Min Bei (KCR): se̿ng
Min Dong (BUC): séng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sìn / siàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): sing³
Wu (Wiktionary): xin (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): sin⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣˋ
  - Wade–Giles: hsin⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinn
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sìn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xin⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: щин (xin, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: seon³
  - Yale: seun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soen³
  - Guangdong Romanization: sên³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhin¹, lhin^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬin³³/, /ɬin³³⁻³³⁵/

Note: lhin1* - “letter”.

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sin
  - Hakka Romanization System: xin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: xin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ɕin⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xing³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕĩŋ⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: se̿ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seiŋ³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: séng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìn
  - Tâi-lô: sìn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sixn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /ɕin²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕin¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕin⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siàn
  - Tâi-lô: siàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siexn
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɛn¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɛn²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sing³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: xin (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɪɲ³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: sin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /sin⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /ɕin⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 信
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕin⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕin⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕin⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiẽ²¹/
	Qingdao	/siə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/sin³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiẽ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕĩn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕin³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕin¹³/
	Guiyang	/ɕin²¹³/
	Kunming	/ɕĩ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/sin⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕin⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ɕiŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiŋ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/sin⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɕin⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/saŋ⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/siʌ̃³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/sin⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/sin⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/sin⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕin⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sin⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/sin⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/søn³³/
	Nanning	/ɬɐn³³/
	Hong Kong	/søn³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sin²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/sɛiŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/seiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/siŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/tin³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /siɪn^H/

Rime
Character	信
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息晉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/sin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/sjen^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sin^H/
Li Rong	/siĕn^H/
Wang Li	/sĭĕn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ni[ŋ]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljins/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	信
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xìn
Middle Chinese	‹ sin^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ni[ŋ]-s/
English	truthful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	信
Reading #	1/1
No.	13849
Phonetic component	信
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	信
Old Chinese	/*hljins/
Notes	金文或從人從口，本指操信符傳言之信使，故表可信，或從言身聲

Definitions[edit]

信

true; accurate; verifiable
truly; indeed
- 信可樂也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  信可乐也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 353 CE, Wang Xizhi, Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion
  Xìn kě lè yě. [Pinyin]
  Truly, what an enjoyable occasion it was!
trustworthy
to believe; to trust in something
我才不信呢。 ― Wǒ cái bù xìn ne. ― I don't believe it/you.
trust; confidence; faith
信任 ― xìnrèn ― trust

因信稱義 / 因信称义 ― yīn xìn chēngyì ― to be justified by faith
to believe in (a faith); to be religious in
我父親信佛教。 / 我父亲信佛教。 ― Wǒ fùqīn xìn fójiào. ― My father is a Buddhist. (lit. My father believes in Buddhism.)
- 這人來，為要作見證，叫眾人因他可以信。 [MSC, trad.]
  这人来，为要作见证，叫众人因他可以信。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: John 1.7
  Zhè rén lái, wèi yào zuò jiànzhèng, jiào zhòngrén yīn tā kěyǐ xìn. [Pinyin]
  The same came for a witness, to bear witness of the Light, that all men through him might believe.
at will
信口雌黃 / 信口雌黄 ― xìnkǒu cíhuáng ― to make irresponsible remarks (lit. to correct someone with at will)
letter (written communication) (Classifier: 封 m c mn)
message; news; information
信息 ― xìnxī ― news, message
evidence
信物 ― xìnwù ― token, keepsake
courier; messenger
(mineralogy) arsenolite
A surname: Xin

Synonyms[edit]

(true):

edit

實際／实际 (shíjì)
忠實／忠实 (zhōngshí)
正聲 (Min Nan)

真實／真实 (zhēnshí)
真正 (zhēnzhèng) (attributive)
確切／确切 (quèqiè)

確實／确实 (quèshí)
確鑿／确凿 (quèzáo)

(to believe):

edit

信任 (xìnrèn)
信實／信实 (xìnshí)
信據／信据 (xìnjù) (literary, believe and accept as evidence)

憑信／凭信 (píngxìn)
深信 (shēnxìn) (to firmly believe)

相信 (xiāngxìn)
置信 (zhìxìn) (chiefly used in the negative)

Dialectal synonyms of 相信 (“to believe”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		相信
Mandarin	Beijing	信
	Taiwan	相信
	Tianjin	信
	Tangshan	信
	Cangzhou	信
	Baoding	信
	Shijiazhuang	信
	Hailar	相信
	Harbin	相信
	Shenyang	相信, 信
	Muping	信
	Qingdao	信
	Jinan	信
	Luoyang	信
	Wanrong	信
	Zhengzhou	信
	Xi'an	相信, 信
	Yinchuan	相信, 信
	Lanzhou	相信
	Xining	相信, 信服, 信
	Ürümqi	信, 相信
	Wuhan	相信, 信
	Chengdu	相信, 信, 信實
	Chongqing	信
	Guiyang	相信, 信
	Kunming	相信, 信
	Guilin	相信
	Liuzhou	相信, 信
	Xuzhou	相信, 信
	Yangzhou	相信, 信
	Nanjing	相信
	Hefei	相信, 信
	Nantong	相信, 信
	Malaysia	相信
	Singapore	相信
Cantonese	Guangzhou	相信, 信
	Hong Kong	相信, 信
	Yangjiang	相信, 信
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	信
	Singapore (Guangfu)	信
Gan	Nanchang	相信, 信
Gan	Pingxiang	信
Hakka	Meixian	相信
	Yudu	相信
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	相信
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	相信
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	相信
	Dongshi (Dabu)	相信
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	相信
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	相信
Huizhou	Jixi	相信
Jin	Taiyuan	相信, 信
	Xinzhou	相信, 信
	Linhe	相信, 信
	Jining	相信
	Hohhot	相信, 信
	Zhangjiakou	相信
	Handan	相信, 信
Min Bei	Jian'ou	相信
Min Dong	Fuzhou	相信, 信用, 信
Min Nan	Xiamen	相信
	Quanzhou	相信
	Zhangzhou	相信
	Tainan	相信
	Penang (Hokkien)	相信
	Singapore (Hokkien)	相信
	Manila (Hokkien)	相信
	Chaozhou	相信
	Jieyang	相信
	Singapore (Teochew)	相信
	Leizhou	信
	Haikou	相信
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	相信
Wu	Shanghai	相信
	Chongming	相信
	Suzhou	相信
	Hangzhou	相信
	Danyang	相信
	Ningbo	相信
	Wenzhou	相信, 信
	Jinhua	相信
Xiang	Changsha	信
	Shuangfeng	相信, 信
	Loudi	信

(to believe in a faith): 信仰 (xìnyǎng)
(letter):

edit

Synonyms of 信

信件 (xìnjiàn)
信函 (xìnhán)
信札 (xìnzhá)
函件 (hánjiàn)
手書／手书 (shǒushū) (literary)

手簡／手简 (shǒujiǎn) (literary)
書／书 (shū) (literary, or in compounds)
書信／书信 (shūxìn) (formal)
書函／书函 (shūhán)
書札／书札 (shūzhá) (literary)

書牘／书牍 (shūdú) (literary)
書簡／书简 (shūjiǎn) (literary)
簡／简 (jiǎn) (literary, or in compounds)
鴻／鸿 (hóng) (literary, figurative)

Dialectal synonyms of 信 (“letter”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		信, 函, 書信, 信件, 信函, 信札, 函件, 書函, 書簡, 書牘, 書札
Mandarin	Beijing	信
	Taiwan	信
	Muping	信
	Jinan	信
	Luoyang	信
	Wanrong	信
	Xi'an	信
	Yinchuan	信
	Lanzhou	信
	Xining	信
	Ürümqi	信
	Wuhan	信
	Chengdu	信
	Guiyang	信
	Guilin	信
	Liuzhou	信
	Xuzhou	信
	Yangzhou	信
	Nanjing	信
	Hefei	信
	Malaysia	信
	Singapore	信
	Dagudi (Maliba)	信
	Reshuitang (Longling)	信
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	信
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	信
Cantonese	Guangzhou	信
	Hong Kong	信
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	信
	Macau	信
	Panyu	信
	Huadu (Huashan)	信
	Conghua	信
	Zengcheng	信
	Foshan	信
	Nanhai (Shatou)	信
	Shunde	信
	Sanshui	信
	Gaoming (Mingcheng)	信
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	信
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	信
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	信
	Doumen	信
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	信
	Xinhui	信
	Taishan	信
	Kaiping (Chikan)	信
	Enping (Niujiang)	信
	Heshan (Yayao)	信
	Dongguan	信
	Bao'an (Shajing)	信
	Shaoguan	信
	Yunfu	信
	Yangjiang	信
	Xinyi	信
	Lianjiang	信
	Beihai	信
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	信
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	信
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	信
	Singapore (Guangfu)	信
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	信
	Móng Cái	信
Gan	Nanchang	信
	Lichuan	信
	Pingxiang	信
Hakka	Meixian	信
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	信
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	信
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	信
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	信
	Conghua (Lütian)	信
	Luhe	信仔
	Yudu	信
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	信仔
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	信仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	信仔
	Dongshi (Dabu)	信
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	信仔, 信
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	批, 信
	Hong Kong	信
Huizhou	Jixi	信
Jin	Taiyuan	信
Jin	Xinzhou	信
Min Bei	Jian'ou	信
	Songxi	信
	Jianyang	信
Min Dong	Fuzhou	批
	Gutian	批
	Pingnan	批, 信
	Ningde	批
	Zhouning	批
	Fuding	信
	Matsu	批
Min Nan	Xiamen	批, 批信
	Quanzhou	批, 批信
	Yongchun	批
	Zhangzhou	批, 批信
	Zhao'an	批
	Taipei	批
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	批
	Kaohsiung	批
	Yilan	批
	Changhua (Lukang)	批
	Taichung	批
	Taichung (Wuqi)	批
	Tainan	批, 批信
	Taitung	批
	Hsinchu	批
	Kinmen	批
	Penghu (Magong)	批
	Penang (Hokkien)	批
	Singapore (Hokkien)	批, 批信
	Manila (Hokkien)	批
	Longyan	信
	Datian	信
	Chaozhou	信, 批 international incoming letters
	Bangkok (Teochew)	信, 家批 dated
	Singapore (Teochew)	信
	Leizhou	信
	Wenchang	信 domestic, 批 international
	Haikou	信
Puxian Min	Putian	批
	Xianyou	批
	Fuding (Aoyao)	批
Min Zhong	Yong'an	信
Min Zhong	Shaxian	信
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	信
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	信
Wu	Shanghai	信
	Chongming	信
	Suzhou	信
	Danyang	信
	Ningbo	信
	Wenzhou	信
	Jinhua	信
Xiang	Changsha	信
	Shuangfeng	信
	Loudi	信

(information):

edit

信息 (xìnxī)
情報／情报 (qíngbào) (especially in the military or espionage)

消息 (xiāoxi)
線索／线索 (xiànsuǒ)

資訊／资讯 (zīxùn)

(evidence):

edit

Synonyms of 信

佐證／佐证 (zuǒzhèng)
例證／例证 (lìzhèng)
信據／信据 (xìnjù) (literary, reliable evidence)
力證／力证 (lìzhèng) (strong evidence)
印證／印证 (yìnzhèng)

實證／实证 (shízhèng) (concrete evidence)
干證／干证 (Min Nan)
憑信／凭信 (píngxìn)
憑據／凭据 (píngjù)
憑條／凭条 (Min Nan)

憑證／凭证 (píngzhèng)
論證／论证 (lùnzhèng)
證據／证据 (zhèngjù)
證明／证明 (zhèngmíng)
證見／证见 (zhèngjiàn) (literary, Min Nan)

(courier): 信使 (xìnshǐ)
(arsenolite): 砒霜 (pīshuāng), 信石 (xìnshí)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 信

不信 (bùxìn)
不信任案
不信道
中信局
互信 (hùxìn)
來信／来信 (láixìn)
保羅書信／保罗书信
信人 (xìnrén)
信以為真／信以为真 (xìnyǐwéizhēn)
信仰 (xìnyǎng)
信件 (xìnjiàn)
信任 (xìnrèn)
信任投票 (xìnrèn tóupiào)
信任狀／信任状
信使 (xìnshǐ)
信兒／信儿
信函 (xìnhán)
信匯／信汇 (xìnhuì)
信南山
信及豚魚／信及豚鱼
信口 (xìnkǒu)
信口捏膿／信口捏脓
信口胡說／信口胡说
信口開合／信口开合
信口開喝／信口开喝
信口開河／信口开河 (xìnkǒukāihé)
信口雌黃／信口雌黄 (xìnkǒucíhuáng)
信史 (xìnshǐ)
信嘴胡說／信嘴胡说
信士
信天游 (xìntiānyóu)
信天翁 (xìntiānwēng)
信奉 (xìnfèng)
信女 (xìnnǚ)
信子
信守 (xìnshǒu)
信守不渝
信宿
信實／信实 (xìnshí)
信封 (xìnfēng)
信差 (xìnchāi)
信底
信徒 (xìntú)
信得過／信得过 (xìndéguò)
信從／信从 (xìncóng)
信心 (xìnxīn)
信心十足
信念 (xìnniàn)
信息 (xìnxī)
信意
信愛／信爱
信手 (xìnshǒu)
信手兒／信手儿
信手拈來／信手拈来
信據／信据 (xìnjù)
信教 (xìnjiào)
信是
信服 (xìnfú)
信札 (xìnzhá)
信條／信条 (xìntiáo)
信標燈／信标灯
信步 (xìnbù)
信步而行
信水
信江
信濃川／信浓川
信炮
信然
信牒
信物 (xìnwù)
信用 (xìnyòng)
信用交易
信用卡 (xìnyòngkǎ)
信用狀／信用状 (xìnyòngzhuàng)
信用額度／信用额度 (xìnyòng édù)
信石 (xìnshí)
信票
信禽
信筆／信笔
信筆塗鴉／信笔涂鸦
信筒
信箋／信笺 (xìnjiān)
信管
信箱 (xìnxiāng)
信篤／信笃 (sìn-táu) (Min Nan)
信籠／信笼
信紙／信纸 (xìnzhǐ)
信繩／信绳
信義／信义 (xìnyì)
信義宗／信义宗 (xìnyìzōng)
信義會／信义会 (xìnyìhuì)
信而有徵／信而有征
信腳／信脚
信臣
信號／信号 (xìnhào)
信號彈／信号弹 (xìnhàodàn)
信號槍／信号枪 (xìnhàoqiāng)
信號機／信号机 (xìnhàojī)
信號燈／信号灯 (xìnhàodēng)
信行 (xìnxíng)
信行兒／信行儿
信衣
信託／信托 (xìntuō)
信託基金／信托基金
信託資金／信托资金
信誓 (xìnshì)
信誓旦旦 (xìnshìdàndàn)
信譽／信誉 (xìnyù)

信貸／信贷 (xìndài)
信賞必罰／信赏必罚
信賴／信赖 (xìnlài)
信道
信陵 (Xìnlíng)
信陵君
信陽／信阳 (Xìnyáng)
信風／信风 (xìnfēng)
信香
信馬游韁／信马游缰
信馬由韁／信马由缰
信鳥／信鸟
信鴿／信鸽 (xìngē)
信鼓
偏聽偏信／偏听偏信
傳信／传信
傳信牌／传信牌
光學通信／光学通信
公信力 (gōngxìnlì)
公開信／公开信 (gōngkāixìn)
准信 (zhǔnxìn)
凶信
匯信／汇信
匿名信 (nìmíngxìn)
半信不信
半信半疑 (bànxìn bànyí)
卬首信眉
印信 (yìnxìn)
取信 (qǔxìn)
取信於人／取信于人
口信 (kǒuxìn)
口頭信／口头信
可信 (kěxìn)
叵信
善男信女
喜信 (xǐxìn)
回信 (huíxìn)
國信／国信
土地信託／土地信托
堅信／坚信 (jiānxìn)
報信／报信 (bàoxìn)
大信不約／大信不约
大信封
失信 (shīxìn)
威信 (wēixìn)
威信掃地／威信扫地
存證信函／存证信函
守信 (shǒuxìn)
家信 (jiāxìn)
寄信 (jìxìn)
寫信／写信 (xiěxìn)
寵信／宠信 (chǒngxìn)
將信將疑／将信将疑 (jiāngxìnjiāngyí)
小忠小信
尼斯信條／尼斯信条
尾生之信
崇信 (chóngxìn)
帶信／带信
幡信
平信 (píngxìn)
庚信
引信 (yǐnxìn)
徙木之信
徙木立信
復信／复信 (fùxìn)
微信 (Wēixìn)
徵信／征信 (zhēngxìn)
徵信社／征信社
徵信錄／征信录
忠信 (zhōngxìn)
快信 (kuàixìn)
急腳信／急脚信
悶信／闷信
憑信／凭信 (píngxìn)
應徵信／应征信
打信號／打信号
抱柱信
捎信 (shāoxìn)
掛號信／挂号信 (guàhàoxìn)
採信／采信
探信
推誠布信／推诚布信
敬信 (Jìngxìn)
數位通信／数位通信
方信道
旦旦信誓 (dàndànxìnshì)
明信片 (míngxìnpiàn)
春信
昧信
書信／书信 (shūxìn)
月信 (yuèxìn)
有信兒／有信儿
杖莫如信
杳無信息／杳无信息
杳無音信／杳无音信 (yǎowúyīnxìn)
棨信
檀信 (tánxìn)
正信 (zhèngxìn)
死信 (sǐxìn)
民信局
民間信仰／民间信仰 (mínjiān xìnyǎng)
沒信心／没信心
泛靈信仰／泛灵信仰
活信
浸信會／浸信会 (jìnxìnhuì)
深信 (shēnxìn)
深信不疑 (shēnxìnbùyí)

Etymology 2[edit]

Via 假借 (jiǎjiè, “borrowing”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shēn (shen¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
  - Wade–Giles: shên¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: san¹
  - Yale: sān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵/

Definitions[edit]

信

Alternative form of 申 (shēn, “to express; to state”).
《春秋》貴義而不貴惠，信道而不信邪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
《春秋》贵义而不贵惠，信道而不信邪。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Commentary of Guliang, circa 206 BCE– 9 CE
“Chūnqiū” guì yì ér bù guì huì, shēn dào ér bù shēn xié. [Pinyin]
The Spring and Autumn Annals treasure deeds of righteousness rather than the dispensation of favour, and advocate the just principles instead of corrupt ways.
Alternative form of 伸 (shēn, “to extend”).
尺蠖之屈，以求信也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
From: I Ching, 3^rd – 2^nd millennia BCE
Chǐhuò zhī qū, yǐ qiú shēn yě. [Pinyin]
An inchworm contracts, so that it may extend.

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

信

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
Nanori: し (shi); しが (shiga); しな (shina); しの (shino); しぶ (shibu); とき (toki); のび (nobi); のぶ (nobu); まこと (makoto)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

信愛
信越
信管
信疑
信(しん)義(ぎ) (shingi): faith
信教
信(しん)仰(こう) (shinkō): belief, faith; to have faith in a religion, profess faith in
信金
信経
信玄袋
信(しん)号(ごう) (shingō): a signal; traffic lights
信士
信(しん)実(じつ) (shinjitsu): sincerity, honesty, truth, faithfulness
信(しん)者(じゃ) (shinja): a believer
信受
信書
信女
信証
信賞必罰
信条
信(しん)心(じん) (shinjin)
信(しん)託(たく) (shintaku): a trust, an entrustment; leaving things up to a trusted party; to set up a financial trust; to leave in trust
信(しん)天(てん)翁(おう) (shinten'ō)
信(しん)徒(と) (shinto): one who believes in a religion; a believer
信(しん)任(にん) (shinnin): trust, confidence, credence; to trust, confide
信認
信念
信販
信伏, 信服, 信腹
信(しん)奉(ぽう) (shinpō): belief, faith
信望
信約
信(しん)用(よう) (shin'yō): confidence, trust
信(しん)頼(らい) (shinrai): reliance, trust, confidence
信(しん)憑(ぴょう) (shinpyō)

Noun[edit]

信(しん) • (shin)

trust, faith
信(しん)を置(お)く、信(しん)を得(え)る
shin o oku, shin o eru
to put one's trust (in something), to gain someone's trust

Related terms[edit]

信(しん)じる (shinjiru), 信(しん)ずる (shinzuru): to believe; to trust; to believe in

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

信 (eumhun 믿을 신 (mideul sin))

Hanja form^? of 신 (“believe; trust”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

信: Hán Nôm readings: tín, tin

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Nom Foundation

信

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Noun[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

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