信仰

Chinese

		letter; true; to believe letter; true; to believe; sign; evidence	look up
simp. and trad. (信仰)		信	仰

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xìnyǎng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄧㄤˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): seon³ joeng⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhin¹ ngiang⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sin-ngióng

(Hailu, HRS): sin^ˇ ngiong^ˊ
Eastern Min (BUC): séng-ngiōng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing⁴ ngyorng³ / sing⁴ ngyoeng³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sìn-gióng / sìn-giáng

(Teochew, Peng'im): sing³ ngiang² / sêng³ ngiang²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵shin-gnian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xìnyǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄧㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sìnyǎng
  - Wade–Giles: hsin⁴-yang³
  - Yale: syìn-yǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinnyeang
  - Palladius: синьян (sinʹjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵¹ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: seon³ joeng⁵
  - Yale: seun yéuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soen³ joeng⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: sên³ yêng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵn³³ jœːŋ¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhin¹ ngiang⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬin³³ ᵑɡiaŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sin-ngióng
  - Hakka Romanization System: xin ngiong^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xin⁴ ngiong³
  - Sinological IPA: /sin⁵⁵ ŋi̯oŋ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: sin^ˇ ngiong^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /sin¹¹ ŋioŋ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: séng-ngiōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ŋyoŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁴ ngyorng³ [Phonetic: sing¹ ngyorng³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si̍ng-ngiô̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋyɒŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁴ ngyoeng³ [Phonetic: sing¹ ngyoeng³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋyøŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìn-gióng
  - Tâi-lô: sìn-gióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sien'giorng
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sin¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡiɔŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡiɔŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìn-giáng
  - Tâi-lô: sìn-giáng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sien'giarng
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡiaŋ⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sing³ ngiang² / sêng³ ngiang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sìng ngiáng / sèng ngiáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋiaŋ⁵²/, /seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋiaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

Note: sêng3 ngiang2 - Jieyang.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵shin-gnian
  - MiniDict: shin^去 nyan
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xin-nyian
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

Verb

信仰

to believe in (an ideology, faith or religion); to have faith in
信仰宗教 ― xìnyǎng zōngjiào ― to have religious faith

異地戀能給我們帶來多少的歡樂，以至於我們是那麼的信仰。 [MSC, trad.]
异地恋能给我们带来多少的欢乐，以至于我们是那么的信仰。 [MSC, simp.]
Yìdìliàn néng gěi wǒmen dàilái duōshǎo de huānlè, yǐzhìyú wǒmen shì nàme de xìnyǎng. [Pinyin]
Long-distance love bring us so much joy, so much so that we put real faith in it.

Synonyms

信 (xìn)

Noun

信仰

belief; faith
信仰真空 ― xìnyǎng zhēnkōng ― belief vacuum

信仰危機／信仰危机 ― xìnyǎng wēijī ― belief crisis

Synonyms

edit

信心 (xìnxīn)
信念 (xìnniàn)
理念 (lǐniàn)

Derived terms

信仰體系 / 信仰体系 (xìnyǎng tǐxì)
崇信 (chóngxìn)
巴哈伊信仰 (Bāhāyī Xìnyǎng)
民間信仰 / 民间信仰 (mínjiān xìnyǎng)
腾格里信仰

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (信仰):

→ Japanese: 信仰(しんこう) (shinkō)
→ Korean: 신앙(信仰) (sinang)
→ Vietnamese: tín ngưỡng (信仰)

References

“信仰”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
“信仰”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
“信仰”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 33.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
信	仰
しん Grade: 4	こう Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɕĩŋko̞ː]
(Tokyo) しんこー [shìńkóó] (Heiban – [0])

Homophones: 親交, 進行, 進攻, 振興, 侵攻, 新港

Noun

信(しん)仰(こう) • (shinkō) ^{←しんかう (sinkau)^?}

(religious) belief, faith
- 1914, 夏目漱石 [Natsume Sōseki], chapter 14, in こゝろ [Kokoro], 下先生と遺書 [Sensei's Testament]:
  私(わたくし)はその人(ひと)に対(たい)して、ほとんど信(しん)仰(こう)に近(ちか)い愛(あい)をもっていたのです。私(わたくし)が宗(しゅう)教(きょう)だけに用(もち)いるこの言(こと)葉(ば)を、若(わか)い女(おんな)に応(おう)用(よう)するのを見(み)て、あなたは変(へん)に思(おも)うかも知(し)れませんが、私(わたくし)は今(いま)でも固(かた)く信(しん)じているのです。
  Watakushi wa sono hito ni taishite, hotondo shinkō ni chikai ai o motte ita no desu. Watakushi ga shūkyō dake ni mochīru kono kotoba o, wakai onna ni ōyō suru no o mite, anata wa hen ni omō ka mo shiremasen ga, watakushi wa ima demo kataku shinjite iru no desu.
  I held for her a love bordering on piety. You may think it strange seeing me apply this word, which is only used for religion, to a young woman, but I firmly believe this even now.

Related terms

宗教(しゅうきょう) (shūkyō): religion

Verb

信(しん)仰(こう)する • (shinkō suru) transitive suru (stem 信(しん)仰(こう)し (shinkō shi), past 信(しん)仰(こう)した (shinkō shita))

to have faith in a religion, to profess faith in
- 2023 April 4, 梅村みずほ, quotee, “第211回国会　参議院　法務委員会　第4号　令和5年4月4日”, in 国会会議録検索システム‎^[1], 国立国会図書館:
  信教の自由というのは守られるべきものであって、どの宗教を信仰しても日本人は当然自由なんですね。
  Shinkyō no jiyū to iu no wa mamorareru-beki mono de atte, dono shūkyō o shinkō shite mo Nihon-jin wa tōzen jiyū nan desu ne.
  Freedom of religion should be protected, and Japanese people are naturally free to believe in any religion they like.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "信仰する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	信仰し	しんこうし	shinkō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	信仰し	しんこうし	shinkō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	信仰する	しんこうする	shinkō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	信仰する	しんこうする	shinkō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	信仰すれ	しんこうすれ	shinkō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	信仰せよ¹ 信仰しろ²	しんこうせよ¹ しんこうしろ²	shinkō seyo¹ shinkō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	信仰される	しんこうされる	shinkō sareru
Causative	信仰させる信仰さす	しんこうさせるしんこうさす	shinkō saseru shinkō sasu
Potential	信仰できる	しんこうできる	shinkō dekiru
Volitional	信仰しよう	しんこうしよう	shinkō shiyō
Negative	信仰しない	しんこうしない	shinkō shinai
Negative continuative	信仰せず	しんこうせず	shinkō sezu
Formal	信仰します	しんこうします	shinkō shimasu
Perfective	信仰した	しんこうした	shinkō shita
Conjunctive	信仰して	しんこうして	shinkō shite
Hypothetical conditional	信仰すれば	しんこうすれば	shinkō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“信仰”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
信	仰

Noun

信仰 • (sinang) (hangeul 신앙)

hanja form^? of 신앙 (“faith; religious belief”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
信	仰

Noun

信仰

chữ Hán form of tín ngưỡng (“traditional belief”)

Chinese

Pronunciation

Verb

Synonyms

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

References

Japanese

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Verb

Conjugation

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun