罪惡

See also: 罪悪 and 罪恶

Chinese

		guilt; crime; fault guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin	evil; to hate; to loathe evil; to hate; to loathe; nauseated
trad. (罪惡)		罪	惡
simp. (罪恶)		罪	恶

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zuì'è

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi⁶ ok³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhui-ok

(Hailu, HRS): cui^˖ og
Eastern Min (BUC): cô̤i-áuk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zuei⁵ orh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chōe-ok / chǒe-ok

(Teochew, Peng'im): zuê⁶ ag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zuì'è
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuèi-è
  - Wade–Giles: tsui⁴-o⁴
  - Yale: dzwèi-è
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzueyeh
  - Palladius: цзуйэ (czujɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zeoi⁶ ok³
  - Yale: jeuih ok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey⁶ ok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêu⁶ og³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵy̯²² ɔːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhui-ok
  - Hakka Romanization System: cui og^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cui⁴ og⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵ ok̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: cui^˖ og
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰui³³ ok⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cô̤i-áuk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡søy²⁴²⁻⁵³ ɑuʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zuei⁵ orh⁶ [Phonetic: zuei⁴ orh⁶]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cōi-o̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suei¹¹⁻⁴² ɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zuei⁵ orh⁶ [Phonetic: zuei⁴ orh⁶]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suei²¹⁻⁴² ɒʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-ok
  - Tâi-lô: tsuē-ok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoexog
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ ɔk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue³³⁻²¹ ɔk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ ɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒe-ok
  - Tâi-lô: tsuě-ok
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue²² ɔk̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zuê⁶ ag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuĕ ak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sue³⁵⁻¹¹ ak̚²/

Middle Chinese: dzwojX 'ak

Rime
Character	罪	惡
Reading #	1/1	3/3
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	徂賄切	烏各切
Baxter	dzwojX	'ak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zuʌi^X/	/ʔɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zuoi^X/	/ʔɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zuɒi^X/	/ʔɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zwəj^X/	/ʔak̚/
Li Rong	/d͡zuᴀi^X/	/ʔɑk̚/
Wang Li	/d͡zuɒi^X/	/ɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱuɑ̆i^X/	/ʔɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuì	e
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zeoi⁶	ok³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤujʔ ʔˤak/

(Zhengzhang): /*zuːlʔ qaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	罪	惡
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zuì	è
Middle Chinese	‹ dzwoj^X ›	‹ ʔak ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁujʔ/	/*ʔˁak/
English	crime, offense	bad, ugly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	罪	惡
Reading #	1/1	3/3
No.	17981	14220
Phonetic component	罪	亞
Rime group	微	鐸
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	辠	惡
Old Chinese	/*zuːlʔ/	/*qaːɡ/
Notes	同辠

Noun

罪惡

crime; evil; sin (Classifier: 樁／桩 m)

Synonyms

罪過／罪过 (zuìguò)

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (罪惡):

→ Japanese: 罪悪(ざいあく) (zaiaku)
→ Korean: 죄악(罪惡) (joeak)
→ Vietnamese: tội ác (罪惡)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
罪	惡
ざい Grade: 5	あく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 罪惡 – see the following entry.

【罪悪ざいあく】

[noun] crime; sin

(This term, 罪惡, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
罪	惡

Noun

罪惡 • (joeak) (hangeul 죄악)

hanja form^? of 죄악 (“vice; crime; sin”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
罪	惡

Noun

罪惡

chữ Hán form of tội ác (“crime; serious offence; vice”)