罪惡

See also: 罪悪 and 罪恶

Chinese

		guilt; crime; fault guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin	evil; to hate; to loathe evil; to hate; to loathe; nauseated
trad. (罪惡)		罪	惡
simp. (罪恶)		罪	恶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zuì'è

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi⁶ ok³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhui-ok
• Eastern Min (BUC): cô̤i-áuk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chōe-ok / chǒe-ok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zuê⁶ ag⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zuì'è
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zuèi-è
    • Wade–Giles: tsui⁴-o⁴
    • Yale: dzwèi-è
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzueyeh
    • Palladius: цзуйэ (czujɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zeoi⁶ ok³
    • Yale: jeuih ok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey⁶ ok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêu⁶ og³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵy̯²² ɔːk̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhui-ok
    • Hakka Romanization System: cui og^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cui⁴ og⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵ ok̚²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cô̤i-áuk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡søy²⁴²⁻⁵³ ɑuʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-ok
    • Tâi-lô: tsuē-ok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoexog
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ ɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue³³⁻²¹ ɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ ɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒe-ok
    • Tâi-lô: tsuě-ok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue²² ɔk̚⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zuê⁶ ag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuĕ ak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sue³⁵⁻¹¹ ak̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: dzwojX 'ak

Rime
Character	罪	惡
Reading #	1/1	3/3
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	徂賄切	烏各切
Baxter	dzwojX	'ak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zuʌiX/	/ʔɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zuoiX/	/ʔɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zuɒiX/	/ʔɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zwəjX/	/ʔak̚/
Li Rong	/d͡zuᴀiX/	/ʔɑk̚/
Wang Li	/d͡zuɒiX/	/ɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱuɑ̆iX/	/ʔɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuì	e
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zeoi6	ok3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤujʔ  ʔˤak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zuːlʔ  qaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	罪	惡
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zuì	è
Middle Chinese	‹ dzwojX ›	‹ ʔak ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁujʔ/	/*ʔˁak/
English	crime, offense	bad, ugly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	罪	惡
Reading #	1/1	3/3
No.	17981	14220
Phonetic component	罪	亞
Rime group	微	鐸
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	辠	惡
Old Chinese	/*zuːlʔ/	/*qaːɡ/
Notes	同辠

Noun

罪惡

1. crime; evil; sin (Classifier: 樁／桩 m)

Synonyms

• 罪過／罪过 (zuìguò)

Derived terms

• 罪惡如山／罪恶如山
• 罪惡感／罪恶感 (zuì'ègǎn)
• 罪惡昭彰／罪恶昭彰
• 罪惡昭著／罪恶昭著 (zuì'èzhāozhù)
• 罪惡深重／罪恶深重
• 罪惡滔天／罪恶滔天
• 罪惡貫盈／罪恶贯盈 (zuì'è guànyíng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (罪惡):

• → Japanese: 罪悪(ざいあく) (zaiaku)
• → Korean: 죄악(罪惡) (joeak)
• → Vietnamese: tội ác (罪惡)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
罪	惡
ざい Grade: 5	あく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡za̠ia̠kɯ̟]

Noun

罪(ざい)惡(あく) • (zaiaku) 

1. Kyūjitai form of 罪悪 (“crime; sin”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
罪	惡

Noun

罪惡 • (joeak) (hangeul 죄악)

1. hanja form^? of 죄악 (“vice; crime; sin”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
罪	惡

Noun

罪惡

1. chữ Hán form of tội ác (“crime; serious offence; vice”).