批
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]批 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手心心 (QPP), four-corner 51010, composition ⿰扌比)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 419, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11845
- Dae Jaweon: page 766, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1835, character 5
- Unihan data for U+6279
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 批 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 批 | |
| alternative forms | 𠜱 Cantonese; Hakka; Teochew "to pare" 㓟 Cantonese and Teochew "to pare" 剕 Cantonese "to pare" 剖 Teochew "to pare" | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 梐 | *piː, *biːʔ |
| 狴 | *piː |
| 悂 | *piː, *pʰi |
| 螕 | *piː |
| 鎞 | *piː |
| 蓖 | *piː |
| 篦 | *piː, *bis |
| 批 | *pʰiː |
| 砒 | *pʰiː |
| 鈚 | *pʰiː, *bi |
| 磇 | *pʰiː |
| 媲 | *pʰiːs |
| 笓 | *biː |
| 膍 | *biː, *bi |
| 陛 | *biːʔ |
| 仳 | *pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *bi, *briʔ |
| 吡 | *pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *biɡ |
| 紕 | *be, *pʰi, *kʰjɯʔ |
| 比 | *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ |
| 妣 | *piʔ, *pis |
| 秕 | *piʔ |
| 沘 | *piʔ, *bi |
| 枇 | *piʔ, *bi, *bis |
| 粊 | *pris |
| 庇 | *pis |
| 屁 | *pʰis |
| 琵 | *bi |
| 毗 | *bi |
| 貔 | *bi |
| 豼 | *bi |
| 蚍 | *bi |
| 芘 | *bi, *bis |
| 肶 | *bi |
| 魮 | *bi |
| 阰 | *bi |
| 坒 | *bis, *biɡ |
| 玭 | *bin |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰiː) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ).
Etymology
[edit]- “to pare”
- 𠜱 (pī) is sometimes treated as the 本字 (běnzì, “original character”).
- “pie”
- Borrowed from English pie.
- “pipe”
- Borrowed from English pipe.
- “vulva; cunt”
- From the Sichuanese pronunciation of 屄 (pi1).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pei1 / pi1
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phî / phâi
- Eastern Min (BUC): piĕ
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pi
- Wade–Giles: pʻi1
- Yale: pī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pi
- Palladius: пи (pi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pir
- Wade–Giles: pʻi1-ʼrh
- Yale: pīr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: piel
- Palladius: пир (pir)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰiə̯ɻ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: erhua-ed - “fibres ready to be drawn and twisted”.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: pei1 / pi1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pei / pi
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰei⁵⁵/, /pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pai1
- Yale: pāi
- Cantonese Pinyin: pai1
- Guangdong Romanization: pei1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: pai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰai³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phî / phâi
- Hakka Romanization System: piˊ / paiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pi1 / pai1
- Sinological IPA: /pʰi²⁴/, /pʰai̯²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Note: phâi - “to peel”.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: piĕ
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰie⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Yilan)
- (Hokkien: Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phi
- Tâi-lô: phi
- Phofsit Daibuun: phy
- IPA (Jinjiang): /pʰi³³/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰi⁴⁴/
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- phoe - vernacular;
- phe - literary.
- Jinjiang, mainstream Taiwan:
- phoe - vernacular;
- phi - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: poi1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phoi
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰoi³³/
- Middle Chinese: phej
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*pʰiː/
Definitions
[edit]批
- to slap
- (obsolete) to attack; to offend
- (obsolete) to eliminate; to discard
- to cut (into thin slices), peel, or shape with a knife or blade; to pare: to peel [fruits], to sharpen [pencils], etc.
- (Cantonese) to plaster
- (Cantonese) to hit with diagonal or horizontal motion
- to make comments and criticisms (to an inferior from a superior, regarding a submitted report, essay, etc.)
- (literary, or in compounds) comment; annotation; criticism
- to judge
- to criticize
- to approve
- (Cantonese) to guess; to predict
- (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Puxian Min) letter (written or printed communication) (Classifier: 張／张 mn; 封 mn)
-
- 手提紙筆趕緊要寫一張批 安慰媽媽講阮在外一切沒問題 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
- chhiú the̍h chóa-pit kóaⁿ-kín beh siá chi̍t tiuⁿ phe, an-ùi má-mah kóng gún chāi-gōa it-chhè bô būn-tê [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- With paper and a pen in my hand, I hurried to write a letter, comforting Mom, saying that everything is alright away from home.
手提纸笔赶紧要写一张批 安慰妈妈讲阮在外一切没问题 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
-
- (Teochew) letter from a foreign country
- to sell at wholesale
- Classifier for batches, groups, lots, etc (of merchandises).
- (colloquial) fibres of cotton, flax, etc. ready to be drawn and twisted
- (Cantonese) pie
- (Cantonese) screwdriver (Classifier: 支 c)
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) pipe
- 死氣批／死气批 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― sei2 hei3 pai1 [Jyutping] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (Southwestern Mandarin, Internet slang, vulgar) Pronunciation spelling of 屄 (bī).
- 牛批 ― niúpī ― Alternative form of 牛屄 (niúbī)
- 原批 ― yuán pī ― (derogatory) Genshin Impact player
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 批 (“batch; group (classifier)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 批 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 批 |
| Taiwan | 批 | |
| Langfang | 批 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 批 |
| Cangzhou | 批 | |
| Baoding | 批 | |
| Shijiazhuang | 批 | |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 批 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 批 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 批 |
| Handan | 批 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 批, 幫 |
| Quanzhou | 批, 幫 | |
| Zhangzhou | 批, 幫 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 批, 潑, 票, 統 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 批 | |
| Suzhou | 批 | |
| Danyang | 批 | |
| Hangzhou | 批 | |
| Ningbo | 批 | |
| Wenzhou | 批 | |
| Jinhua | 批 | |
- (letter):
- (screwdriver):
- (pie): (Mandarin) 派 (pài)
Compounds
[edit]- 一批 (yīpī)
- 假批子
- 催批
- 分批 (fēnpī)
- 勾批
- 印象批評／印象批评
- 報批／报批 (bàopī)
- 大批 (dàpī)
- 審批／审批 (shěnpī)
- 岔批兒／岔批儿
- 差批
- 引繩批根／引绳批根
- 手批
- 批亢擣虛／批亢捣虚
- 批件 (pījiàn)
- 批價／批价
- 批八字
- 批准 (pīzhǔn)
- 批判 (pīpàn)
- 批判哲學／批判哲学
- 批削
- 批命
- 批單／批单
- 批回
- 批子
- 批尸
- 批抹
- 批撥／批拨
- 批改 (pīgǎi)
- 批文 (pīwén)
- 批書／批书
- 批條／批条
- 批次處理／批次处理
- 批注 (pīzhù)
- 批發／批发 (pīfā)
- 批發價／批发价 (pīfājià)
- 批發價格／批发价格
- 批發商／批发商 (pīfāshāng)
- 批發市場／批发市场 (pīfā shìchǎng)
- 批皮
- 批示 (pīshì)
- 批答
- 批紅判白／批红判白
- 批胸
- 批行
- 批覆 (pīfù)
- 批詔／批诏
- 批評／批评 (pīpíng)
- 批註／批注 (pīzhù)
- 批語／批语 (pīyǔ)
- 批貨／批货 (pīhuò)
- 批購／批购
- 批較／批较
- 批轉／批转
- 批辦／批办
- 批迴／批回
- 批逆鱗／批逆鳞
- 批郤導窾／批郤导窾
- 批量 (pīliàng)
- 批銷／批销
- 批閱／批阅 (pīyuè)
- 批頰／批颊
- 批頭／批头
- 批頭棍／批头棍
- 批頭竹片／批头竹片
- 批風抹月／批风抹月
- 批首
- 批駁／批驳 (pībó)
- 批鬥／批斗 (pīdòu)
- 批點／批点
- 抹月批風／抹月批风
- 搗虛批吭／捣虚批吭
- 文學批評／文学批评 (wénxué pīpíng)
- 朱批 (zhūpī)
- 核批
- 橫批／横批 (héngpī)
- 眉批 (méipī)
- 硃批／朱批 (zhūpī)
- 竹批兒／竹批儿
- 自我批評／自我批评 (zìwǒ pīpíng)
- 薄批細切／薄批细切
- 蘋果批／苹果批
- 解批
- 解析批評／解析批评
- 註批／注批
- 躉批／趸批 (dǔnpī)
- 雞批／鸡批
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #3209”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- English Loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]批
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]批 • (bi, byeol) (hangeul 비, 별)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]Readings
[edit]批: Hán Việt readings: phi
批: Nôm readings: phê, phe, phây
References
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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