批

批 U+6279, 批 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6279 ← 扸 [U+6278] CJK Unified Ideographs 扺 → [U+627A]

Translingual

Han character

批 (radical 64 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手心心 (QPP), four-corner 5101₀, composition ⿰扌比)

References

• KangXi: page 419, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11845
• Dae Jaweon: page 766, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1835, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6279

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		批

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (比) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
梐	*piː, *biːʔ
狴	*piː
悂	*piː, *pʰi
螕	*piː
鎞	*piː
蓖	*piː
篦	*piː, *bis
批	*pʰiː
砒	*pʰiː
鈚	*pʰiː, *bi
磇	*pʰiː
媲	*pʰiːs
笓	*biː
膍	*biː, *bi
陛	*biːʔ
仳	*pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *bi, *briʔ
吡	*pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *biɡ
紕	*be, *pʰi, *kʰjɯʔ
比	*piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ
妣	*piʔ, *pis
秕	*piʔ
沘	*piʔ, *bi
枇	*piʔ, *bi, *bis
粊	*pris
庇	*pis
屁	*pʰis
琵	*bi
毗	*bi
貔	*bi
豼	*bi
蚍	*bi
芘	*bi, *bis
肶	*bi
魮	*bi
阰	*bi
坒	*bis, *biɡ
玭	*bin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pʰiː): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ).

Etymology

“pie”

Borrowing from English pie.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): pī (pi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧ

  (Chengdu, SP): pei¹ / pi¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pai¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phî
• Min Nan (POJ): phoe / phe / phi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: pī
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧ
    • Wade-Giles: p'ih¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pi
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Pinyin: pīr
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄦ
    • Wade-Giles: p'irh¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: piel
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰiəɻ⁵⁵/

Note: erhua-ed - “fibres ready to be drawn and twisted”.

• • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: pei¹ / pi¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pei / pi
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰei⁵⁵/, /pʰi⁵⁵/

Note: originally pi1, but changed to pei1 because of homophony with 屄.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: pai¹
    • Yale: pāi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: pei¹
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phî
    • Hakka Romanization System: pi´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pi¹
    • IPA: /pʰi²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phoe
    • Tâi-lô: phue
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phoef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Kinmen): /pʰue⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰue³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe
    • Tâi-lô: phe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰe⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰe³³/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phi
    • Tâi-lô: phi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phy
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰi⁴⁴/

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou:
  • phoe - vernacular;
  • phe - literary.
• mainstream Taiwan:
  • phoe - vernacular;
  • phi - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: /pʰei/▼

Rime
Character	批
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	匹迷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰei/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰei/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰɛj/
Li Rong	/pʰei/
Wang Li	/pʰiei/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pī

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰiː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	批
Reading #	1/1
No.	499
Phonetic component	比
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	磇
Old Chinese	/*pʰiː/

Definitions

批

1. to slap
2. ^† to attack; to offend
3. ^† to eliminate; to discard
4. to cut (into thin slices) with a knife; to peel with a knife

   批蘋果 / 批苹果 [Cantonese]  ―  pai¹ ping⁴ gwo² [Jyutping]  ―  to peel an apple

5. (Cantonese) to plaster
6. (Cantonese) to hit with diagonal or horizontal motion
7. to make comments and criticisms (to an inferior from a superior, regarding a submitted report, essay, etc.)
8. comment; annotation; criticism
9. to judge
10. to criticize
11. to approve
12. (Cantonese) to guess; to predict
13. (Min) letter (written or printed communication) (Classifier: 張／张; 封)
14. to sell at wholesale
15. Classifier for batches, lots, etc.
16. (colloquial) fibres of cotton, flax, etc. ready to be drawn and twisted
17. (Cantonese) pie

    雞批 / 鸡批 [Cantonese]  ―  gai¹ pai¹ [Jyutping]  ―  chicken pie

    蘋果批 / 苹果批 [Cantonese]  ―  ping⁴ gwo² pai¹ [Jyutping]  ―  apple pie

Compounds

Derived terms from 批

• 一批 (yīpī)
• 假批子
• 催批
• 分批 (fēnpī)
• 勾批
• 印象批評／印象批评
• 報批／报批
• 大批 (dàpī)
• 審批／审批 (shěnpī)
• 岔批兒／岔批儿
• 差批
• 引繩批根／引绳批根
• 手批
• 批亢擣虛／批亢擣虚
• 批件 (pījiàn)
• 批價／批价
• 批八字
• 批准 (pīzhǔn)
• 批判 (pīpàn)
• 批判哲學／批判哲学
• 批削
• 批命
• 批單／批单
• 批回
• 批子
• 批尸
• 批抹
• 批撥／批拨

• 批改 (pīgǎi)
• 批文
• 批書／批书
• 批條／批条
• 批次處理／批次处理
• 批注
• 批發／批发 (pīfā)
• 批發價／批发价 (pīfājià)
• 批發價格／批发价格
• 批發商／批发商 (pīfāshāng)
• 批發市場／批发市场
• 批示 (pīshì)
• 批答
• 批紅判白／批红判白
• 批胸
• 批行
• 批覆 (pīfù)
• 批註／批注 (pīzhù)
• 批詔／批诏
• 批評／批评 (pīpíng)
• 批語／批语 (pīyǔ)
• 批貨／批货
• 批購／批购
• 批較／批较
• 批轉／批转
• 批辦／批办
• 批迴／批回
• 批逆鱗／批逆鳞

• 批郤導窾／批郤导窾
• 批量 (pīliàng)
• 批銷／批销
• 批閱／批阅 (pīyuè)
• 批頭／批头
• 批頭棍／批头棍
• 批頭竹片／批头竹片
• 批頰／批颊
• 批風抹月／批风抹月
• 批首
• 批駁／批驳 (pībó)
• 批鬥／批斗
• 批點／批点
• 抹月批風／抹月批风
• 搗虛批吭／捣虚批吭
• 文學批評／文学批评
• 朱批
• 核批
• 橫批／横批 (héngpī)
• 眉批 (méipī)
• 硃批
• 竹批兒／竹批儿
• 自我批評／自我批评 (zìwǒ pīpíng)
• 薄批細切／薄批细切
• 解批
• 解析批評／解析批评
• 註批／注批
• 躉批／趸批 (dǔnpī)

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Japanese

Kanji

批

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. criticism

Readings

• Goon: はい (hai)
• Kan’on: へい (hei)
• Kan’yōon: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
• Kun: うつ (utsu, 批つ)

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Korean

Hanja

批 • (bi, byeol) (hangeul 비, 별)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Character

Readings

• Hán Việt: phi
• Nôm: phê, phe, phây

References

• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)