剖

剖 U+5256, 剖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5256 ← 剕 [U+5255] CJK Unified Ideographs 剗 → [U+5257]

Translingual

Han character

剖 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+8, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 卜口中弓 (YRLN), four-corner 0260₀, composition ⿰咅刂)

Derived characters

• 𦵿, 𥰵

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 141, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2034
• Dae Jaweon: page 320, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 345, character 13
• Unihan data for U+5256

Chinese

simp. and trad.		剖

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蓓	*bɯːʔ, *bɯːʔ
倍	*bɯːʔ
菩	*bɯːʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː, *bɯːɡ
掊	*bruː, *poːʔ, *bɯ, *bɯ
剖	*pʰoːʔ, *pʰoʔ
婄	*pʰɯʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː
踣	*pʰɯs, *bɯːɡ
箁	*bɯ
咅	*pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs
部	*boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ
培	*boːʔ, *bɯː
犃	*boːʔ
瓿	*boːʔ, *bɯ, *bo
殕	*pɯʔ, *pʰoʔ, *qɯːɡ
醅	*pʰɯ, *pʰɯː
棓	*bɯ, *broːŋʔ, *bɯː
涪	*bɯ
賠	*bɯː
陪	*bɯː
毰	*bɯː
焙	*bɯːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰoːʔ, *pʰoʔ): semantic 刂 (“knife”) + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs). It expresses the idea of cutting something in two with a knife.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pōu, pǒu, pāo

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄡ, ㄆㄡˇ, ㄆㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fau² / pau²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pho

  (Meixian, Guangdong): po⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): pēu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pieo³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phió / phó͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pou² / pou¹

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹pheu / ⁵phu / ¹phoe / ⁵phei / ⁵phou
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pou³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pōu
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pou
    • Wade–Giles: pʻou¹
    • Yale: pōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pou
    • Palladius: поу (pou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰoʊ̯⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pǒu
    • Wade–Giles: pʻou³
    • Yale: pǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poou
    • Palladius: поу (pou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰoʊ̯²¹⁴/
      
  • (Beijing dialect, colloquial)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pao
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao¹
    • Yale: pāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pau
    • Palladius: пао (pao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fau² / pau²
    • Yale: fáu / páu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fau² / pau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: feo² / peo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐu̯³⁵/, /pʰɐu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pho
    • Hakka Romanization System: po
    • Hagfa Pinyim: po⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰo⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: po⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰo⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: pēu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛu³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: pieo³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: pâ̤u
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰieu⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: pieo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰieu³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phió
    • Tâi-lô: phió
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phioir
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰio⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phó͘
    • Tâi-lô: phóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phor
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰɔ⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɔ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pou² / pou¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phóu / phou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰou⁵²/, /pʰou³³/

Note: pou1 - alternative reading.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹pheu
    • MiniDict: pheu^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pheu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰɤ⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /pʰøy⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵phu
    • MiniDict: phu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²phu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰu³⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹phoe
    • MiniDict: phoe^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /pʰø⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁵phei
    • MiniDict: phei^去
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /pʰei⁴⁵/
  • (Northern: Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ⁵phou
    • MiniDict: phou^去
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /pʰəu⁵⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: pou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰəu̯⁴¹/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 剖
Mandarin	Beijing	/pʰɑu⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/pʰau⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/pʰɑu²¹/
	Jinan	/pʰɔ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/pʰɔ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/pʰau²⁴/
	Xi'an	/pʰau²¹/
	Xining	/pʰɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/pʰuə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pʰɔ⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/pʰɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/pʰo⁴²/
	Chengdu	/pʰo⁵³/ /pʰau⁵³/
	Guiyang	/pʰo²¹³/
	Kunming	/pʰo⁵³/
	Nanjing	/pʰo²¹²/
	Hefei	/pʰʊ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/pʰau¹¹/
	Pingyao	/pʰu¹³/
	Hohhot	/pʰɔ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/pʰɤ³⁵/ /pʰu³⁵/
	Suzhou	/pʰɤ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/pʰei⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/pʰɜ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/pʰo³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/pʰa⁴²/ ～開 /pʰo⁴²/ ～腹產
Xiang	Changsha	/pʰəu⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/pʰo⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/pʰo⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/pʰo⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pʰɐu³⁵/ /fɐu³⁵/
	Nanning	/pʰɐu³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/fɐu³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pʰɔ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pʰɛu³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pʰe²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pʰou⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/fɔi³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: phjuX, phuwX

Rime
Character	剖	剖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	芳武切	普后切
Baxter	phjuX	phuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨoX/	/pʰəuX/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰioX/	/pʰəuX/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰioX/	/pʰəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuə̆X/	/pʰəwX/
Li Rong	/pʰioX/	/pʰuX/
Wang Li	/pʰĭuX/	/pʰəuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰi̯uX/	/pʰə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fǔ	pǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu2	pau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰˤ(r)oʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰoːʔ/, /*pʰoʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	剖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pōu
Middle Chinese	‹ phuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰˁ(r)oʔ/
English	cleave, cut
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	剖	剖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	9841	9873
Phonetic component	咅	咅
Rime group	侯	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	剖	撫
Old Chinese	/*pʰoːʔ/	/*pʰoʔ/

Definitions

剖

1. to cut open; to divide
2. to analyze; to dissect

Synonyms

• (to cut open): 切開／切开 (qiēkāi)
• (to analyze):

edit

• 分析 (fēnxī)
• 剖析 (pōuxī)
• 拆解 (chāijiě)
• 疏通 (shūtōng) (literary)
• 解析 (jiěxī)
• 通釋 / 通释 (tōngshì) (literary)

Compounds

• 伸剖
• 分剖
• 剖分
• 剖別 / 剖别
• 剖判
• 剖剮 / 剖剐 (pōuguǎ)
• 剖割 (pōugē)
• 剖心
• 剖心坼肝
• 剖心析肝
• 剖斷 / 剖断
• 剖明
• 剖析 (pōuxī)
• 剖決如流 / 剖决如流
• 剖白 (pōubái)
• 剖視 / 剖视
• 剖視圖 / 剖视图
• 剖符
• 剖肝泣血
• 剖肝瀝膽 / 剖肝沥胆
• 剖腹
• 剖腹手術 / 剖腹手术
• 剖腹生產 / 剖腹生产
• 剖腹藏珠
• 剖蚌求珠
• 剖解 (pōujiě)
• 剖豁
• 剖路
• 剖釋 / 剖释
• 剖開 / 剖开
• 剖面 (pōumiàn)
• 剖面圖 / 剖面图
• 摧心剖肝
• 析毫剖釐
• 橫剖面 / 横剖面 (héngpōumiàn)
• 瓜分豆剖 (guāfēndòupōu)
• 瓜剖豆分
• 病理解剖
• 縱剖面 / 纵剖面 (zòngpōumiàn)
• 解剖 (jiěpōu)
• 解剖學 / 解剖学 (jiěpōuxué)
• 諫而剖腹 / 谏而剖腹
• 豆剖
• 豆剖瓜分
• 輸肝剖膽 / 输肝剖胆
• 采光剖璞

References

• “剖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “剖”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 178.

Japanese

Kanji

剖

(Jōyō kanji)

1. dissect

Readings

• Go-on: ふ (fu)
• Kan-on: ほう (hō)
• Kan’yō-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
• Kun: さく (saku, 剖く)、わる (waru)

Compounds

• 解(かい)剖(ぼう) (kaibō): dissection
• 解(かい)剖(ぼう)学(がく) (kaibōgaku): anatomy

Korean

Hanja

剖 (eum 부 (bu))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

剖: Hán Nôm readings: phẩu, bo, mổ, phẫu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.