倍
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]倍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人卜廿口 (OYTR), four-corner 20261, composition ⿰亻咅)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 107, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 760
- Dae Jaweon: page 228, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 183, character 4
- Unihan data for U+500D
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
倍 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 倍 |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Old Chinese | |
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蓓 | *bɯːʔ, *bɯːʔ |
倍 | *bɯːʔ |
菩 | *bɯːʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː, *bɯːɡ |
掊 | *bruː, *poːʔ, *bɯ, *bɯ |
剖 | *pʰoːʔ, *pʰoʔ |
婄 | *pʰɯʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː |
踣 | *pʰɯs, *bɯːɡ |
箁 | *bɯ |
咅 | *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs |
部 | *boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ |
培 | *boːʔ, *bɯː |
犃 | *boːʔ |
瓿 | *boːʔ, *bɯ, *bo |
殕 | *pɯʔ, *pʰoʔ, *qɯːɡ |
醅 | *pʰɯ, *pʰɯː |
棓 | *bɯ, *broːŋʔ, *bɯː |
涪 | *bɯ |
賠 | *bɯː |
陪 | *bɯː |
毰 | *bɯː |
焙 | *bɯːs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *bɯːʔ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bei4
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): buôi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6be
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
- Wade–Giles: pei4
- Yale: bèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
- Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (倍兒/倍儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bèir
- Wade–Giles: pei4-ʼrh
- Yale: bèir
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bell
- Palladius: бэйр (bɛjr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pəɻ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: erhua-ed - “very”.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: bei4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bei
- Sinological IPA (key): /pei²¹³/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pui5
- Yale: púih
- Cantonese Pinyin: pui5
- Guangdong Romanization: pui5
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuːi̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: poi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰᵘɔi²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phi
- Hakka Romanization System: pi
- Hagfa Pinyim: pi4
- Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: buôi
- Sinological IPA (key): /pui²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Hsinchu, Magong, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pē
- Tâi-lô: pē
- Phofsit Daibuun: pe
- IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /pe²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /pe³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Sanxia, Hsinchu, Kinmen, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pǒe
- Tâi-lô: puě
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pue²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Hsinchu, Magong, Singapore)
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- pē/pěr - vernacular;
- pōe/pǒe - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 倍 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /pei⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /pei⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /pei⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /pei²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /pe⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /pei³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /pʰei⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /pʰɨ²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /pei¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /pei¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /pei²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /pei³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /pei¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /pei²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /pei²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /pəi⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /pe⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /pei⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /pæ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /pei⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /be²³/ |
Suzhou | /be̞³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /bei¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /bai³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /pʰɛ²²/ |
Tunxi | /pə²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /pei⁵⁵/ /pei¹¹/ |
Xiangtan | /bəi²¹/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /pʰi²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /pʰi⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /pʰoi⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pʰui²³/ |
Nanning | /pʰui²⁴/ | |
Hong Kong | /pʰui¹³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pue²²/ /pe²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /puɔi²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /po⁴²/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /pue³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbui³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: bojX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːʔ/
Definitions
[edit]倍
- to double
- Classifier for the number of times a value is multiplied: times; -fold
- 一百倍 ― yībǎi bèi ― hundredfold; one hundred times
- exceptionally; especially
- (Mandarin, colloquial) very; extremely
Compounds
[edit]- 事倍功半 (shìbèi-gōngbàn)
- 事半功倍 (shìbàn-gōngbèi)
- 五倍子 (wǔbèizǐ)
- 五倍子蟲/五倍子虫
- 倍兒/倍儿
- 倍力橋/倍力桥
- 倍受矚目/倍受瞩目
- 倍增 (bèizēng)
- 倍奉
- 倍常
- 倍式 (bèishì)
- 倍律
- 倍感親切/倍感亲切
- 倍數/倍数 (bèishù)
- 倍日并行
- 倍比定律
- 倍率 (bèilǜ)
- 倍稱/倍称
- 倍蓰
- 倍覺/倍觉
- 倍足綱/倍足纲
- 倍道 (bèidào)
- 倍道兼行
- 倍道兼進/倍道兼进
- 偏倍
- 公倍數/公倍数 (gōngbèishù)
- 兼倍
- 利市三倍
- 力倍功半
- 加倍 (jiābèi)
- 勇氣百倍/勇气百倍 (yǒngqì bǎibèi)
- 半價倍息/半价倍息
- 單倍體/单倍体 (dānbèitǐ)
- 獲利倍蓰/获利倍蓰
- 百倍 (bǎibèi)
- 聲價十倍/声价十倍
- 身價百倍/身价百倍
- 雙倍/双倍 (shuāngbèi)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
- Wade–Giles: pei4
- Yale: bèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
- Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bui3
- Yale: bui
- Cantonese Pinyin: bui3
- Guangdong Romanization: bui3
- Sinological IPA (key): /puːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]倍
- † Alternative form of 背 (“to give up; to betray; to violate; to have one's back towards”)
- 故君民者,子以愛之,則民親之;信以結之,則民不倍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Gù jūn mín zhě, zǐ yǐ ài zhī, zé mín qīn zhī; xìn yǐ jié zhī, zé mín bù bèi. [Pinyin]
- Hence, when the ruler of the people loves them as his sons, they feel to him as a parent; when he binds them to himself by his good faith, they do not turn away from him.
故君民者,子以爱之,则民亲之;信以结之,则民不倍。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
[edit]Pronunciation 3
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄟˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: péi
- Wade–Giles: pʻei2
- Yale: péi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: peir
- Palladius: пэй (pɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰeɪ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pui4
- Yale: pùih
- Cantonese Pinyin: pui4
- Guangdong Romanization: pui4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuːi̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]倍
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]倍
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Noun
[edit]- twice, double, two times
- 田中さんの家は私の家の倍の大きさだ。
- Tanaka-san no ie wa watashi no ie no bai no ōkisa da.
- Tanaka's house is twice the size of mine.
- 倍にする
- bai ni suru
- to double
- 田中さんの家は私の家の倍の大きさだ。
Antonyms
[edit]- 半 (han, “half”)
Counter
[edit]- times, -fold
- この飛行機はあの飛行機よりも 3倍速い。
- Kono hikōki wa ano hikōki yori mo san-bai hayai.
- This plane is a whole three times faster than that plane.
- 4 の 5倍
- yon no go-bai
- 4 times 5
- この飛行機はあの飛行機よりも 3倍速い。
- (typography) a multiple of 全角 (zenkaku, “fullwidth/-height”) or 1 em in Western typography
- Antonym: 分 (bu)
- 2倍
- nibai
- 2 ems
- (typography, newspapers) a unit in newspaper typesetting, equal to 88 mils, 88⁄1000 in, 8 U (U) and 1⁄16 段 (dan)
See also
[edit]- 倍角 (baikaku)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 배율 (倍率, baeyul, “magnification”)
Tày
[edit]Han character
[edit]倍 (transliteration needed)
References
[edit]- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]倍: Hán Nôm readings: bội, bạu, bậu, bụa, buạ, vội
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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