mil

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mil"

㏕ U+33D5, ㏕ SQUARE MIL ← ㏔ [U+33D4] CJK Compatibility ㏖ → [U+33D6]

Languages (56)

Translingual • English

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Aragonese • Asturian • Breton • Catalan • Cebuano • Chavacano • Cornish • Dalmatian • Danish • Esperanto • Estonian • French • Friulian • Galician • Gamilaraay • Haitian Creole • Ido • Ilocano • Indonesian • Irish • Kabuverdianu • Ladin • Ladino • Louisiana Creole • Lule • Maltese • Mòcheno • Ngiyambaa • Northern Kurdish • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Old English • Old French • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Irish • Old Spanish • Papiamentu • Pipil • Portuguese • Romanian • Scottish Gaelic • Slovene • Spanish • Swedish • Tagalog • Tatar • Turkish • Volapük • Vurës • Welsh • Wiradjuri • Yagara • Yapese

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Abbreviation of English Mixtec, Peñoles or Spanish mixteco, Peñoles.

Symbol

mil

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Peñoles Mixtec.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Peñoles Mixtec terms

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɪl/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪl
• Homophone: mill

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Latin millesimum. The clippings come by way of the clipped words (e.g., millilitre, millimetre, milliradian).

Noun

mil (plural mils)

2. An angular mil, a unit of angular measurement equal to ¹⁄₆₄₀₀ of a complete circle. At 1000 metres one mil subtends about one metre (0.98 m). Also ¹⁄₆₀₀₀ and ¹⁄₆₃₀₀ are used in other countries.
4. A unit of measurement equal to ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch (25.4 µm), usually used for thin objects, such as sheets of plastic.

   Alternative form: mill

   Synonym: thou

   For this task, I prefer the plastic sheeting that is 10 mils thick.

   • 2013, “ORDINANCE NO. 2422”, in City of Davis‎^[2], archived from the original on 1 April 2014, page 4:

     If made of plastic, is minimum of at least 2.25 mils (thousandths of an inch) thick.

6. A former subdivision (¹⁄₁₀₀₀) of the Maltese lira.
8. (informal) Clipping of milliliter.

   Synonyms: mL, ml, cm³, cc

   We told her to give her daughter ten mils of cough syrup and to call us back if the cough gets worse.

10. (informal) Clipping of millimeter.

    Alternative form: mill

    Synonym: mm

    For this task, I prefer the plastic bars that are 10 mils in diameter.

    • 2025, Gupi, “kutna hora”, performed by Food House:

      Party like it's 2024, hear a knocking at my door / It's the police let them in, bust a 9 mil through their skin

12. (informal) Clipping of milliradian.

    A dot in a mil-dot reticle represents one mil, which corresponds to a few inches at 100 yards.

Derived terms

• circular mil
• mil-dot
• per mil

Translations

angular mil

• Finnish: piiru (fi) (¹⁄₆₀₀₀)
• French: millième (fr) m
• German: Strich (de) m, artillerischer Strich m
• Russian: мил (ru) m (mil) (¹⁄₆₀₀₀)

See also

• degree, deg
• grad
• mil.
• minute
• radian, rad
• second

Etymology 2

Clipping of million.

Noun

mil (plural mil)

2. (informal) Clipping of million.

   Word has it that they were offered a cool ten mil to sell their farm to the land developers.

   • 2009, Bob Frey, The DVD Murders, page 39:

     The cheapest shack in this part of the woods would probably set the buyer back at least a couple of mil.

   • 2010 September, Galen Gondolfi, "Idea Fun(d)", St. Louis magazine, ISSN 1090-5723, volume 16, issue 9, page 79:

     You can get things done without money, but you can do a hell of a lot more with it, and $10 mil is a good starting point.

Etymology 3

Clipping of military.

Adjective

mil (not comparable)

2. Clipping of military

Derived terms

• mil-spec

Related terms

• milblog
• milblogger

Anagrams

• ILM, -lim-, lim, MLI, Lim

Aragonese

Etymology

Akin to Spanish mil, from Latin mīlle.

Numeral

mil

1. thousand

Asturian

Asturian cardinal numbers

<  999	1000	1001  >
Cardinal : mil     Ordinal : milésimu

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mīlle.

Numeral

mil (indeclinable)

1. one thousand; 1000

   mil llobos ― one thousand wolves

   mil vaques ― one thousand cows

Usage notes

In compound numbers, mil does not inflect or change:

• mil dos ― one thousand two
• mil trenta y nueve ― one thousand thirty-nine
• tres mil ― three thousand
• venti mil ― twenty thousand

Breton

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmiːl/

Etymology 1

Breton numbers ^(edit)

←  100	←  200	1,000	1,000,000 (106)  →	1,000,000,000 (109)  →
		100
Cardinal: mil     Ordinal: milvet     Ordinal abbreviation: 1000vet

From Middle Breton mil, from Proto-Brythonic *mil, from Latin mīlia. Cognate with Cornish mil, Welsh mil, Irish míle.

Numeral

mil

1. thousand

Etymology 2

From Middle Breton mil, from Proto-Brythonic *mil (compare Cornish mil, Welsh mil), from Proto-Celtic *mīlom (compare Old Irish míl and its descendants; Irish míol, Scottish Gaelic míl, Manx meeyl), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁l- (“small animal””).

Compare Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “lamb”), Dutch maal (“calf”).

Noun

mil m (plural miled)

1. (rare) animal

   Synonyms: aneval, loen

Mutation

Mutation of mil

	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	mil	vil	unchanged	unchanged
plural	miled	viled	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Breton.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Catalan

Catalan numbers ^(edit)

←  100	←  900	1,000	1,000,000 (106)  →
		100
Cardinal: mil     Ordinal (Central): milè     Ordinal (Valencian): milé     Ordinal: mil·lèsim
Catalan Wikipedia article on 1,000

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan mil, from Latin mīlle, from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂ (“one thousand”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈmil]

• Audio (Catalonia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -il

Numeral

mil m or f

1. (cardinal number) thousand

Noun

mil m (plural mils)

1. thousand

Further reading

• “mil”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “mil”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “mil” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “mil” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cebuano

Cebuano numbers ^(edit)

		10,000
[a], [b], [c] ←  100	←  900	1,000	2,000  →	10,000  →
		100[a], [b], [c]
Cardinal: usá ka libo, libo     Spanish cardinal: mil

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish mil, from Old Spanish mil, mill, from Latin mīlle.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: mil

Numeral

mil

1. thousand

Chavacano

Etymology

Inherited from Spanish mil (“thousand”).

Numeral

mil

1. thousand

Cornish

Cornish numbers ^(edit)

[a], [b], [c] ←  1	←  100	1000 1,000	1,000,000 (106)  → [a], [b]	1,000,000,000 (109)  → [a], [b]
Cardinal: mil     Ordinal: milves     Ordinal abbreviation: 1000ves     Adverbial: milweyth     Multiplier: milblek

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mil/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *mil, from Latin mīlia. Cognate with Breton and Welsh mil.

Numeral

mil

1. one thousand

Noun

mil f (plural milyow)

1. thousand

Derived terms

• milblek (“thousandfold”)
• mildros (“millipede”)
• milves (“thousandth”)
• milvil (“million”)
• milvledhen (“millennium”)
• milweyth (“thousandfold”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Cornish mil, myl, from Old Cornish mil, Proto-Brythonic *mil, from Proto-Celtic *mīlom, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁l- (“small animal””). Cognate with Breton mil, Irish míol, Manx meeyl, Scottish Gaelic mial, and Welsh mil.

Noun

mil m (plural miles)

1. animal

Derived terms

• bronnvil (“mammal”)
• euthvil (“monster”)
• knivil (“rodent”)
• kramvil (“reptile”)
• milonieth (“zoology”)
• milus (“brutal”)
• milva (“zoo”)
• milvedhek (“vet”)
• morvil (“whale”)

Mutation

Mutation of mil

unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
mil	vil	unchanged	unchanged	fil	vil

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *melem m or f, from Latin mel n.

Noun

mil m

1. honey

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed through Low German, from Latin mil(l)ia (passum) "thousand (steps)."

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -iːl

Noun

mil

1. mile, unit of length of varying value

Declension

Declension of mil

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	mil	milen	mil	milene
genitive	mils	milens	mils	milenes

Derived terms

• nautisk mil
• sømil

Esperanto

Esperanto numbers ^(edit)

←  100	←  900	1,000
		100
Cardinal: mil     Ordinal: mila     Adverbial: mile     Multiplier: milobla, milopa     Fractional: milona, milono

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin mīlle. Doublet of mejlo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mil/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -il
• Hyphenation: mil

Numeral

mil

1. thousand

Estonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmil/, [ˈmil]
• Hyphenation: mil

Etymology 1

Clipping of millal.

Conjunction

mil

1. when

   Kord tuleb päev, mil tuleb minna.

   There will once be a day when we have to go.

Etymology 2

Clipping of millel.

Adverb

mil (not comparable)

1. that

   Tänaval oli auto, mil olid punased triibud.

   There was a car on the street that had red stripes.

French

Etymology

From Latin milium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mil/, /mij/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

  (file)

Noun

mil m (plural mils)

1. (now dialectal) millet

   Synonym: millet

Further reading

• “mil”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin mīlle.

Numeral

mil

1. thousand

Galician

Galician numbers ^(edit)

[a], [b], [c] ←  100	←  900	1,000
		100[a], [b], [c]
Cardinal: mil     Ordinal: milésimo     Ordinal abbreviation: 1000º     Fractional: milésimo

Carro

Carro

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmil/ [ˈmiɫ]
• Rhymes: -il
• Hyphenation: mil

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese mil, from Latin mīlle, from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂ (“one thousand”).

Numeral

mil (indeclinable)

1. one thousand; 1000

Etymology 2

1474. From Vulgar Latin *medianile, from Latin mediānus. Compare the cognates mión and molo.

Alternative forms

• bile, milde, minle

Noun

mil m (plural miles)

1. central piece of the Galician cart wheel

   Synonyms: mión, miúl, molo

   • 1474, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 66:

     Iten, preçaron hun rrodisioe dous miilles de carro em noventa maravedis

     Item, they appraised a water wheel and two wheel centers of a cart in ninety maravedis

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “mil”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “miil”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “mil” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “mil”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “mil”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “mil”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Gamilaraay

Noun

mil

1. eye

Haitian Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mil/

Noun

mil

1. thousand (1,000)
2. mile (measure of distance)

Ido

Ido numbers ^(edit)

←  1	←  100	1,000
Cardinal: mil     Ordinal: milesma     Adverbial: milfoye     Multiplier: milopla     Fractional: milima

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto mil, French mille, Italian mille, Spanish mil, from Latin mīlle.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mil/

Numeral

mil

1. thousand

Ilocano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish mil.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmil/ [ˈmil]
• Hyphenation: mil

Numeral

mil

1. thousand

   Synonym: ribo

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈmil/ [ˈmɪl]
• Rhymes: -il
• Syllabification: mil

Etymology 1

From Dutch mijl, from Middle Dutch mile, ultimately from Latin mīlia.

Noun

mil (plural mil-mil)

1. English or American mile, a unit of distance equivalent to about 1.6 km
2. (historical) mijl, Dutch mile or league, a unit of distance equivalent to about 5–6 km
3. milepost, milestone, km marker

   Synonyms: batu, pal, tonggak

Derived terms

• mil laut

Etymology 2

From English mail, from Middle English male, from Anglo-Norman male, Old French male (“bag, wallet”), from Frankish *malha (“bag”), from Proto-Germanic *malhō (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *molko- (“leather pouch”).

Noun

mil (plural mil-mil)

1. (rare) mail (the material conveyed by the postal service)

   Synonym: surat elektronik

Further reading

• “mil”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish mil, from Proto-Celtic *meli, from Proto-Indo-European *mélid. Cognate with Latin mel, Ancient Greek μέλι (méli). Akin to milis and blas.

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /mʲɪlʲ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /mʲɨ̞lʲ/

Noun

mil f (genitive singular meala)

1. honey

Declension

Declension of mil (third declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative mil vocative a mhil genitive meala dative mil forms with the definite article singular nominative an mhil genitive na meala dative leis an mil don mhil

Derived terms

• beach mheala (“honeybee”)
• broc meala (“ratel, honey badger”)
• ceo meala (“honey dew”)
• cíor mheala (“honeycomb”)
• criathar meala (“honeycomb”)
• cuinneog mheala (“honeycomb cell”)
• drúcht meala (“honey-dew”)
• faireog mheala (“nectary”)
• lus na meala (“balm”)
• mí na meala (“honeymoon”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of mil

radical	lenition	eclipsis
mil	mhil	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “mil”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “mil”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[3], Stirling, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “mil”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “mil”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese mil.

Numeral

mil

1. thousand (1000)

Ladin

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *melem m or f, from Latin mel n.

Noun

mil f (uncountable)

1. honey

References

• AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 1159: “il miele” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

Ladino

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish mil or Old Spanish mill, from Latin mīlle, from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂ (“one thousand”).

Numeral

mil (Hebrew spelling מיל)

1. thousand (1,000)
   • 2000, Aki Yerushalayim‎^[4], numbers 62–64, page 76:

     Diezisiete anyos tenia Moshe Aelion kuando fue deportado por los almanes a Auschwitz, djuntos kon su madre i su ermana i los serka de 60 mil djudios de Saloniko.

     Moshe Aelion was seventeen years old when he was deported by the Germans to Auschwitz, together with his mother, sister, and around sixty thousand Jews from Salonica.

Louisiana Creole

Louisiana Creole cardinal numbers

<  999	1,000	1,001  >
Cardinal : mil

Etymology

Inherited from French mille (“thousand”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mil/
• Rhymes: -il

Numeral

mil

1. thousand

Lule

Pronoun

mil

1. you (plural)

References

• Antonio Maccioni / Machoni, Arte y vocabulario de la lengua lule y tonocoté (1732)

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic مِيل (mīl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /miːl/
• Rhymes: -iːl

Noun

mil m (dual milejn, plural mjiel or mili)

1. mile

Mòcheno

Etymology

From Middle High German mül, müle, from Old High German mulī, mulin, from Proto-Germanic *mulīnō, *mulīnaz, from Late Latin molīnum (“mill”). Cognate with German Mühle, English mill.

Noun

mil f

1. mill

References

• “mil” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Ngiyambaa

Noun

mil

1. (anatomy) eye

Northern Kurdish

Noun

mil ?

1. arm
2. shoulder
3. neck

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin milia, millia and Old Norse míla.

Noun

mil m or f (definite singular mila or milen, indefinite plural mil, definite plural milene)

1. (today in Norway) a distance of 10 kilometres
2. gammel norsk mil - old Norwegian mile, a distance of 11.3 kilometres
3. engelsk mil - a mile, 1.609 kilometres, as used in Britain and the US.

Derived terms

• nautisk mil
• sjømil

References

• “mil” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin milia, millia and Old Norse míla.

Noun

mil f (definite singular mila, indefinite plural mil, definite plural milene)

1. (today in Norway) a distance of 10 kilometres
2. gammal norsk mil - old Norwegian mile, a distance of 11.3 kilometres
3. engelsk mil - a mile, 1.609 kilometres, as used in Britain and the US.

Usage notes

Indefinite plural miler was made non-standard by the spelling reform of 2012.

Derived terms

• nautisk mil
• sjømil

References

• “mil” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Alternative forms

• mila

Etymology

From Latin mīlle.

Numeral

mil

1. thousand

Related terms

• milen
• milion

Further reading

• Joan de Cantalausa (2006), Diccionari general occitan a partir dels parlars lengadocians‎^[5], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 648

Old English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin mīlia, plural of the numeral mīlle.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /miːl/

Noun

mīl f

1. mile
   • late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans

     Sardina is þrī and þrītti mīla lang, and twā and twentiġ mīla brād.

     Sardinia is thirty-three miles long, and twenty-two miles wide.

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	mīl	mīla, mīle
accusative	mīle	mīla, mīle
genitive	mīle	mīla
dative	mīle	mīlum

Descendants

• Middle English: myle, mile
  • Scots: mile
  • English: mile

Old French

Numeral

mil

1. alternative form of mile (“thousand”)

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

• mill

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mīlle, from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂ (“one thousand”).

Numeral

mil

1. thousand (1,000)

Descendants

• Galician: mil
• Portuguese: mil
  • → Kadiwéu: miili
  • > Papiamentu: mil (inherited)

References

• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “mil”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “mil”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ferreiro, Manuel (2014–2025), “mil”, in Universo Cantigas: edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa [Universo Cantigas: critical edition of Galician-Portuguese medieval poetry] (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *meli n, from Proto-Indo-European *mélit.

Noun

mil f (genitive melo)

1. honey
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 7^d9

     Hi sunt tra ↄ·ricc frissa lind serb in chúrsactha lase foruillecta beóil in chalich di mil cosse anall...

     Herein, then, he comes into contact with the bitter drink of the reproval, when the lips of the chalice have hitherto been smeared with honey...

Inflection

Feminine i-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	mil	—	—
vocative	mil	—	—
accusative	milN	—	—
genitive	meloH, melaH	—	—
dative	milL	—	—

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: mil
  • Irish: mil
  • Manx: mill
  • Scottish Gaelic: mil

Mutation

Mutation of mil

radical	lenition	nasalization
mil also mmil in h-prothesis environments	mil pronounced with /β̃ʲ-/	mil also mmil

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “mil”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Spanish

Alternative forms

• mill

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sem-

Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-

Proto-Indo-European *-lom

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom

Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī

Latin mille

Old Spanish mil

Inherited from Latin mīlle, from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂ (“one thousand”).

Numeral

mil

1. thousand (1,000)
   • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 36r.:

     Job fue much rich õe e ouo .v. fijos. ⁊ .iij. fijas. ⁊ ouo .mil. ouejas. ⁊ .iij. mil. camellos. ⁊ .d. iugos de bueẏes. ⁊ .v. mil aſnas. ⁊ tẽtol el diablo ⁊ diol pođ nr̃o ſẽnor ſobre quãto auia.

     [Job fue much rich omne, e ovo cinco fijos e tres fijas. E ovo mil ovejas e tres mil camellos e quinientos jugos de bueyes e cinco mil asnas. E tentó-l el diablo e dio-l poder nuestro Sennor sobre quanto avía.]

     Job was a very rich man. And he had five sons and three daughters. And he owned a thousand sheep and three thousand camels and five hundred yoke of oxen and five thousand donkeys. And the Devil tempted him and Our Lord gave him power over all that he had.

Descendants

• Ladino: mil, מיל
• Spanish: mil
  • → Navajo: mííl
  • > Papiamentu: mil (inherited)
  • → Tagalog: mil
  • → Taos: míl, mílą

References

• Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946), “mil”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume II, Chapel Hill, page 344

Papiamentu

Etymology

Inherited from Portuguese mil and Spanish mil and Kabuverdianu mil.

Numeral

mil

1. thousand (1,000)

Pipil

Etymology

Compare Classical Nahuatl milpan.

Noun

mil

1. cornfield

Further reading

• Campbell, L. (1985). The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton De Gruyter.
• Lara-Martínez, R., McCallister, R. Glosario cultural náwat pipil y nicarao.

Portuguese

Portuguese numbers ^(edit)

[a], [b] ←  100	←  900	1,000	10,000  →	1,000,000 (106)  →
		100[a], [b]
Cardinal: mil     Ordinal: milésimo     Ordinal abbreviation: 1000.º, 1000º     Fractional: milésimo, mil avos

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese mil, from Latin mīlle, from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂ (“one thousand”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈmiw/ [ˈmiʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈmil/ [ˈmiɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈmil/ [ˈmiɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈmi.li/

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -il, (Brazil) -iw
• Hyphenation: mil

Adjective

mil m or f

2. one thousand; a thousand; 1000
4. (somewhat poetic) thousands of (very many)

   Synonyms: milhares de, um milhão de

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:mil.

Related terms

• milhar

Descendants

• → Kadiwéu: miili
• > Papiamentu: mil (inherited)

Derived terms

• mil contra
• mil contrário
• mil de ré

Romanian

Noun

mil n (plural miluri)

1. obsolete form of milă

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	mil	milul		miluri	milurile
genitive-dative	mil	milului		miluri	milurilor
vocative	milule			milurilor

References

• mil in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish mil (genitive mela), from Proto-Celtic *meli, from Proto-Indo-European *mélid. Cognate with Welsh mêl, Cornish mill, Breton mel, Latin mel, Greek μέλι (méli), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌸 (miliþ), Old Armenian մեղր (mełr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mil/, /mʲil/

Noun

mil f (genitive singular mealach or meala, plural mealan)

1. honey

Related terms

• mìlseachd
• mìlse
• milis
• meilc

Mutation

Mutation of mil

radical	lenition
mil	mhil

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911), “mil”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[6], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “mil”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *milъ. Cognate with Polish miły.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /míːl/

Adjective

mȋl (comparative milȇjši, superlative nȁjmilȇjši)

1. kind
2. dear

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Hard
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom. sing.	míl	míla	mílo
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	míl ind míli def	míla	mílo
genitive	mílega	míle	mílega
dative	mílemu	míli	mílemu
accusative	nominativeinan or genitiveanim	mílo	mílo
locative	mílem	míli	mílem
instrumental	mílim	mílo	mílim
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	míla	míli	míli
genitive	mílih	mílih	mílih
dative	mílima	mílima	mílima
accusative	míla	míli	míli
locative	mílih	mílih	mílih
instrumental	mílima	mílima	mílima
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	míli	míle	míla
genitive	mílih	mílih	mílih
dative	mílim	mílim	mílim
accusative	míle	míle	míla
locative	mílih	mílih	mílih
instrumental	mílimi	mílimi	mílimi

Further reading

• “mil”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

Spanish

Spanish numbers ^(edit)

		10,000
[a], [b] ←  100	←  900	1,000	2,000  →	10,000  →
		100[a], [b]
Cardinal: mil     Ordinal: milésimo     Ordinal abbreviation: 1000.º     Fractional: milésimo

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sem-

Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-

Proto-Indo-European *-lom

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom

Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī

Latin mille

Old Spanish mil

Spanish mil

From Old Spanish mil or Old Spanish mill, from Latin mīlle, from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂ (“one thousand”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmil/ [ˈmil]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -il
• Syllabification: mil

Numeral

mil

1. thousand

Usage notes

• When pluralized as a specific number, the form mil is still used:

  dos mil pesos ― two thousand pesos

  cien mil pesos ― one hundred thousand pesos

Derived terms

• a las mil maravillas
• a mil por hora
• como mil oros
• con mil amores
• con mil diablos
• de mil amores
• diez mil
• en abril aguas mil
• hijo de re mil puta
• las mil
• mil disculpas
• mil gracias
• mil leches
• mil millones
• mil veces

Related terms

• milenio
• millar

Descendants

• → Navajo: mííl
• > Papiamentu: mil (inherited)
• → Tagalog: mil
• → Taos: míl, mílą

Noun

mil m (plural miles)

1. (chiefly in the plural) thousand (1000 units of something) (usually in an indefinite sense)

   Gané muchos miles de dólares.

   I earned many thousands of dollars

Further reading

• “mil”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed through Low German, from Latin mil(l)ia (passum) "thousand (steps)." First attested in the latter half of the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /miːl/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

mil c

1. A Scandinavian mile.
   1. (after 1889) Unit of length, equal to 10,000 meters

      Synonyms: nymil, myriameter

      • 2020 February 19, Maria Dahlin, “Sverige prisas för 2+1-väg [Sweden is praised for 2+1 road]”, in Vi bilägare:

        IRAP rekommenderar nu bland annat Indien och Mexiko att bygga 2+1-vägar och tar som exempel att 93.000 liv skulle kunna räddas på 20 år i Indien om 1.750 mil mötesväg gjordes om till 2+1-väg.

        IRAP is now recommending countries like India and Mexico to build 2+1 roads and cites an example that 93,000 lives could be saved over 20 years in India if 17,500 kilometres of two-way roads were converted to 2+1 roads.

        (literally, “1,750 miles”)

      • 2024 August 30, Tindra Näsström, “Humam i Härnösand gick från otränad till att springa tio mil: ”Ville kliva ur min bekväma bubbla” [Humam in Härnösand went from untrained to running ten miles [100 km/62 mi]: "Wanted to step out of my comfort bubble"]”, in SVT Nyheter:

        Genom att våga pusha sig själv har Humam lyckats springa tio mil på tiden 13 timmar och 28 minuter.

        By daring to push himself, Humam has managed to run ten miles [100 km/62 mi] in 13 hours and 28 minutes.

      • 2025 January 29, Kalle Hultenius, “Ölands fotbolls-vagabonder – åtta mil hemifrån [Öland’s football vagabonds – eight miles [80 km/50 mi] from home]”, in Ölandsbladet:

        Böda/Högby är vana att jobba över stora ytor och den klassiska minibussen har förmodligen gått miljontals mil de senaste decennierna.

        Böda/Högby are used to covering vast distances, and their classic minibus has probably clocked up millions of miles over the past few decades.

   2. (between 1699 and 1889) Unit of length, equal to 18,000 ells or 10,688.54 meters

      Synonym: landmil

      • 1831, Fredrik Cederborgh, Berättelse om […] John Hall, page 5:

        För att kunna åtkomma dylikt, wäl rätt artigt men föga räntegifwande kram, beslöt han, att, med en särdeles wäl försedd kaßa, resa till Danmarks hufwudstad, ungefär trettio mil aflägsen från deß födelseort Götheborg.

        In order to be able to access such, indeed quite polite but hardly interest bearing hug, he decided, with a particularly well-stocked purse, to travel to Denmark's capital city, about thirty miles distant from their birthplace, Gothenburg.

   3. (before 1699) Unit of length, with varying measurements depending on time period and region.

Declension

Declension of mil

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	mil	mils
	definite	milen	milens
plural	indefinite	mil	mils
	definite	milen	milens

Derived terms

• engelsk mil (“mile (in the English sense), international mile”)
• milsvid
• sjumilaskog
• sjumilastövel
• sjömil

See also

• fjärdingsväg
• kilometer

References

• mil in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• mil in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• lim

Tagalog

Tagalog numbers ^(edit)

		10,000
←  100	←  900	1,000	1,100  →	2,000  →
		100
Cardinal: sanlibo, isang libo     Spanish cardinal: mil     Ordinal: ikalibo, panlibo, ikasanlibo, pansanlibo     Ordinal abbreviation: ika-1000, pang-1000     Adverbial: makalibo, makalilibo, makasanlibo     Multiplier: sanlibong ibayo     Distributive: libo-libo, panlibo, tigsanlibo, sanlibuhan, sanli-sanlibo     Collective: libo     Restrictive: sasanlibo     Fractional: kasanlibo, sangkasanlibo, ikasanlibo, saikasanlibo
Tagalog Wikipedia article on 1,000

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish mil, from Latin mīlle.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈmil/ [ˈmɪl]
• Rhymes: -il
• Syllabification: mil

Numeral

mil (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎ᜔)

1. thousand

   Synonym: libo

Related terms

• amilyaramyento
• amores mil
• diyes mil
• milenarista
• milenaryo
• milenyo
• milya
• milyahe
• milyon
• siyento mil

Further reading

• “mil”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018.

Anagrams

• Lim

Tatar

Noun

mil

1. (archaic) a unit of length: 1 mil = 7 çaqrım = 7.467 km (see Obsolete Tatar units of measurement)

Declension

Declension of mil

nominative	mil
genitive	milnıñ
dative	milga
accusative	milnı
locative	milda
ablative	mildan

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmil/

Noun

mil (definite accusative mili, plural miller)

1. mile (measure of length)

Volapük

Numeral

mil

1. thousand

Vurës

Etymology

Borrowed from French mille, from Latin mīlle.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mil/

Noun

mil

1. One thousand vatu (currency of Vanuatu).

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /miːl/
• Rhymes: -ɨːl
• Homophone: mul (South Wales)

Etymology 1

From Middle Welsh mil, from Proto-Brythonic *mil (compare Cornish mil, Breton mil), from Proto-Celtic *mīlom (compare Old Irish míl and its descendants; Irish míol, Scottish Gaelic míl, Manx meeyl), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁l- (“small animal””).

Compare Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “lamb”), Armenian մալ (mal, “sheep; mutton; wether; cattle; livestock”), Central Kurdish ماڵ (mall, “livestock”), Dutch maal (“calf”).

Noun

mil m (plural milod, diminutive milyn)

1. animal, beast, creature
2. vermin (animal not normally eaten by people)

Derived terms

• anghenfil (“monster”)
• bwystfil (“beast”)
• carfil (“working beast, dray horse, clumsy animal, monster”)
• cawrfil (“elephant”)
• cnofil (“rodent”)
• drewfil (“skunk”)
• mam miloedd (“ mind-your-own-business; ivy-leaved toadflax”)
• milfeddyg (“veterinarian”)
• milodfa (“vivarium”)
• milyn (diminutive)
• morfil (“whale”)
• trychfil (“ creepy-crawly, insect”)

Etymology 2

Welsh numbers ^(edit)

		10,000[a], [b]
[a], [b], [c] ←  100	←  900	1,000	2,000  →	10,000  → [a], [b]
		100[a], [b], [c]
Cardinal: mil     Ordinal: mil

From Middle Welsh mil, from Proto-Brythonic *mil, from Latin mīlia. Cognate with Cornish mil, Breton mil, Irish míle.

Numeral

mil f (plural miloedd)

1. (cardinal number) one thousand

Related terms

• mil blynyddoedd (“millennium”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of mil

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
mil	fil	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

See also

• Appendix:Welsh nouns that have different meanings depending on their gender

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “mil”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Wiradjuri

Alternative forms

• mill

Noun

mil

1. (anatomy) eye

Yagara

Noun

mil

1. eye

References

• State Library of Queensland, Indigenous Language Wordlists Yugara Everyday Words.

Yapese

Verb

mil

1. to run