vil

See also: vi-l and víl

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• viil, biil (Sette Comuni)

Etymology

From Middle High German vil, from Old High German filu, from Proto-Germanic *felu. Cognate with German viel, Dutch veel, English fele, Icelandic fjöl-.

Adjective

vil

1. (Luserna) much, many

Derived terms

• biavl

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈvɪl]

Etymology 1

Noun

vil f

1. genitive plural of vila

Etymology 2

Participle

vil

1. masculine singular past active participle of vít

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vil/, [ve(l)]
• Rhymes: -e

Verb

vil

1. present of ville
2. imperative of ville

Faroese

Verb

vil

• 1st and 3rd person singular present of vilja

1. I will, wish, persist, intend to
2. he, she, it wills, wishes, persists, intends to

Conjugation

Conjugation of vilja (irregular)
infinitive	vilja
supine	vilað
participle	—	—
	present	past
first singular	vil	vildi
second singular	vilt	vildi
third singular	vil	vildi
plural	vilja	vildu
	imperative
singular	—
plural	—

French

Etymology

From Latin vīlis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vil/

Adjective

vil (feminine vile, masculine plural vils, feminine plural viles)

1. cheap, worthless
2. vile (morally low)
   • 1992, Nothomb, Amélie, Hygiène de l’assassin [The Assassin’s Hygiene] (fiction):

     Cessez de blasphémer, vile créature ! Apprenez, ignorante, que saint Prétextat était archevêque de Rouen au VI^e siècle, et grand ami de Grégoire de Tours, qui était un homme très bien, dont vous n’avez naturellement jamais entendu parler.

     Stop blaspheming, you vile creature! You’d better learn, ignorant woman, that Saint Praetextatus was Archbishop of Rouen in the 6^th century, and a friend of Gregory of Tours, who was a very good man, which you, unsurprisingly, never heard of.

Further reading

• “vil”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French ville.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vil/

Noun

vil

1. city
   • 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik‎^[1]:

     Anvwaye espesyal Etazini pou Venezuela, Elliot Abrams, ak vis-minis afè etranjè Larisi, Sergei Ryabkov, ap fè reyinyon nan vil Wòm ann Itali pou yo pale sou “sityasyon Venezuela kap agrave.”

     American Special Envoy for Venezuela Elliot Abrams and Russian Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Ryabkov are having a meeting in the city of Rome, Italy to speak about "the worsening situation in Venezuela."

Livonian

Alternative forms

• (Courland) vi'l

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Adjective

vil

1. cool

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋɪl/
• Homophone: vill
• Rhymes: -ɪl

Verb

vil

1. present of ville

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋɪl/
• Homophone: vill

Verb

vil

1. present tense of vilja

Old French

Etymology

From Latin vilis.

Noun

vil m (oblique and nominative feminine singular vil or vile)

1. horrible; vile; awful
2. low; base

Derived terms

• vilment

Descendants

• → English: vile

Old Norse

Verb

vil

1. first-person singular present active indicative of vilja

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese vil, from Latin vīlis (“cheap; vile”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈviw/ [ˈviʊ̯]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvil/ [ˈviɫ]

• Homophone: viu (Brazil)
• Rhymes: (Portugal) -il, (Brazil) -iw
• Hyphenation: vil

Adjective

vil m or f (plural vis)

1. mean; vile (morally low)

   Synonyms: abjeto, baixo, desprezível, indigno, maldoso, malvado, mau, sórdido

   Antonyms: bom, digno, nobre

2. cheap; worthless

   Synonyms: acessível, barato, reles

   Antonyms: caro, custoso

Derived terms

• vilmente

Further reading

• “vil” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French vil.

Adjective

vil m or n (feminine singular vilă, masculine plural vili, feminine and neuter plural vile)

1. cheap, worthless
2. vile

Declension

Declension of vil

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	vil		vilă	vili	vile
	definite	vilul		vila	vilii	vilele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	vil		vile	vili	vile
	definite	vilului		vilei	vililor	vilelor

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin vīlis (“cheap; vile”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbil/ [ˈbil]
• Rhymes: -il
• Syllabification: vil

Adjective

vil (plural viles)

1. mean, despicable, vile

Derived terms

• vilmente

 

Related terms

• villanía
• villano

 

Further reading

• “vil”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Tzotzil

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vil/

Verb

vil

1. (intransitive) to fly

References

• Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.