vilja

See also: Vilja and viljâ

Estonian

Noun

vilja

1. genitive singular of vili
2. partitive singular of vili
3. illative singular of vili

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse vilja, from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-.

Verb

vilja (third person singular past indicative vildi, third person plural past indicative vilað, supine vilað)

1. to will
2. to wish
3. to persist
4. to intend to

Conjugation

Conjugation of vilja (irregular)
infinitive	vilja
supine	vilað
participle	—	—
	present	past
first singular	vil	vildi
second singular	vilt	vildi
third singular	vil	vildi
plural	vilja	vildu
	imperative
singular	—
plural	—

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilja, borrowed from Proto-Indo-European (if not directly from Slavic or Balto-Slavic - compare Proto-Slavic *obilьje, from an earlier *obvilьje, see *obilъ) and Czech obilí (“grain, cereals”)). Other cognates include Karelian vil'l'a, Estonian vili, Veps vil'l' and Proto-Samic *vëljē.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋiljɑ/, [ˈʋiljɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -iljɑ
• Syllabification^(key): vil‧ja

Noun

vilja

1. grain, cereal, corn (type of grass cultivated for its edible grains)
2. grain (harvested seeds from such or similar plants collectively)
3. (archaic, dialectal) abundance

Declension

Inflection of vilja (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		vilja	viljat
genitive		viljan	viljojen
partitive		viljaa	viljoja
illative		viljaan	viljoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		vilja	viljat
accusative	nom.	vilja	viljat
	gen.	viljan
genitive		viljan	viljojen viljain rare
partitive		viljaa	viljoja
inessive		viljassa	viljoissa
elative		viljasta	viljoista
illative		viljaan	viljoihin
adessive		viljalla	viljoilla
ablative		viljalta	viljoilta
allative		viljalle	viljoille
essive		viljana	viljoina
translative		viljaksi	viljoiksi
abessive		viljatta	viljoitta
instructive		—	viljoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of vilja (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative viljani viljani accusative nom. viljani viljani gen. viljani genitive viljani viljojeni viljaini rare partitive viljaani viljojani inessive viljassani viljoissani elative viljastani viljoistani illative viljaani viljoihini adessive viljallani viljoillani ablative viljaltani viljoiltani allative viljalleni viljoilleni essive viljanani viljoinani translative viljakseni viljoikseni abessive viljattani viljoittani instructive — — comitative — viljoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative viljasi viljasi accusative nom. viljasi viljasi gen. viljasi genitive viljasi viljojesi viljaisi rare partitive viljaasi viljojasi inessive viljassasi viljoissasi elative viljastasi viljoistasi illative viljaasi viljoihisi adessive viljallasi viljoillasi ablative viljaltasi viljoiltasi allative viljallesi viljoillesi essive viljanasi viljoinasi translative viljaksesi viljoiksesi abessive viljattasi viljoittasi instructive — — comitative — viljoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative viljamme viljamme accusative nom. viljamme viljamme gen. viljamme genitive viljamme viljojemme viljaimme rare partitive viljaamme viljojamme inessive viljassamme viljoissamme elative viljastamme viljoistamme illative viljaamme viljoihimme adessive viljallamme viljoillamme ablative viljaltamme viljoiltamme allative viljallemme viljoillemme essive viljanamme viljoinamme translative viljaksemme viljoiksemme abessive viljattamme viljoittamme instructive — — comitative — viljoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative viljanne viljanne accusative nom. viljanne viljanne gen. viljanne genitive viljanne viljojenne viljainne rare partitive viljaanne viljojanne inessive viljassanne viljoissanne elative viljastanne viljoistanne illative viljaanne viljoihinne adessive viljallanne viljoillanne ablative viljaltanne viljoiltanne allative viljallenne viljoillenne essive viljananne viljoinanne translative viljaksenne viljoiksenne abessive viljattanne viljoittanne instructive — — comitative — viljoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative viljansa viljansa accusative nom. viljansa viljansa gen. viljansa genitive viljansa viljojensa viljainsa rare partitive viljaansa viljojaan viljojansa inessive viljassaan viljassansa viljoissaan viljoissansa elative viljastaan viljastansa viljoistaan viljoistansa illative viljaansa viljoihinsa adessive viljallaan viljallansa viljoillaan viljoillansa ablative viljaltaan viljaltansa viljoiltaan viljoiltansa allative viljalleen viljallensa viljoilleen viljoillensa essive viljanaan viljanansa viljoinaan viljoinansa translative viljakseen viljaksensa viljoikseen viljoiksensa abessive viljattaan viljattansa viljoittaan viljoittansa instructive — — comitative — viljoineen viljoinensa

See also

• jyvä
• paljo
• plus
• melko
• multa
• mallas

Adjective

vilja (rare)

1. abundant

   Synonym: runsas

Derived terms

• viljalti (“a lot”)
• Viljanen
• viljava
• viljellä

 

compounds

• jumalanvilja
• kevätvilja
• korsivilja
• laatuvilja
• lakovilja
• leipävilja
• luomuvilja
• palkovilja
• peltovilja
• rehuvilja
• sekavilja
• seosvilja
• siemenvilja
• suojavilja
• syysvilja
• syömävilja
• toukovilja
• tuontivilja
• uutisvilja
• verovilja
• vilja-aitta
• vilja-arvoyksikkö
• vilja-auma
• viljaelevaattori
• viljahehto
• viljahirssi
• viljajaloste
• viljakaskas
• viljakasvi
• viljakauppa
• viljakierukka
• viljakirva
• viljakukko
• viljakärsäkäs
• viljalaari
• viljalaiho
• viljalaina
• viljalaiva
• viljalaji
• viljalajike
• viljaluste
• viljalyhde
• Viljamaa
• viljamakasiini
• viljamitta
• viljankorjuu
• viljankuivaamo
• viljankuivatus
• viljankuivaus
• viljankuivuri
• viljankylvö
• viljanleikkuu
• Viljanmaa
• viljanolki
• viljanoras
• viljanpuinti
• viljansiemen
• viljantuonti
• viljantähkä
• viljanvienti
• viljanviljely
• viljanäyte
• viljaomavaraisuus
• viljapehkiäinen
• viljapelto
• viljapörssi
• viljaraja
• viljaripsiäinen
• viljaruoka
• viljaruuvi
• viljasato
• viljaseppä
• viljaseula
• viljasiilo
• viljasuppilo
• viljasäiliö
• viljasäkki
• viljasääski
• viljatatar
• viljateollisuus
• viljatila
• viljatuote
• viljavaaka
• viljavainio
• viljavalmiste
• viljavarasto
• viljaviina
• viljavuori
• viljavuosi
• viljayksikkö
• viljaylijäämä
• viljaympyrä

 

Further reading

• “vilja”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse vilja (“to want”), from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvɪlja/
• Rhymes: -ɪlja

Verb

vilja (preterite-present verb, third-person singular present indicative vill, third-person singular past indicative vildi, supine viljað)

1. to want

   Ég vil fara heim.

   I want to go home.

2. to wish

   Ég vildi að það væru þvottabirnir á Íslandi. Þeir eru svo sætir. Ég myndi leika við þá og gefa þeim ruslið mitt.

   I wish there were raccoons in Iceland. They're so cute. I'd play with them and give them my trash.

Conjugation

This verb is slightly irregular.

vilja — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að vilja
supine (sagnbót)		viljað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		viljandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég vil	við viljum	present (nútíð)	ég vilji	við viljum
	þú vilt	þið viljið		þú viljir	þið viljið
	hann, hún, það vill	þeir, þær, þau vilja		hann, hún, það vilji	þeir, þær, þau vilji
past (þátíð)	ég vildi	við vildum	past (þátíð)	ég vildi	við vildum
	þú vildir	þið vilduð		þú vildir	þið vilduð
	hann, hún, það vildi	þeir, þær, þau vildu		hann, hún, það vildi	þeir, þær, þau vildu
imperative (boðháttur)	vilj (þú)	viljið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	vilðu	viljiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

Ingrian

Viljaa.

Alternative forms

• viljä

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilja. Cognates include Finnish vilja and Estonian vili.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈʋiljɑ/, [ˈʋilʲː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈʋiljɑ/, [ˈʋilʲjɑ]
• Rhymes: -ilj, -iljɑ
• Hyphenation: vil‧ja

Noun

vilja

1. grain, cereal
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 40:

     Vilja käsil kylvettii.

     The grain was sown by hand.

Declension

Declension of vilja (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	vilja	viljat
genitive	viljan	viljoin
partitive	viljaa	viljoja
illative	viljaa	viljoi
inessive	viljaas	viljois
elative	viljast	viljoist
allative	viljalle	viljoille
adessive	viljaal	viljoil
ablative	viljalt	viljoilt
translative	viljaks	viljoiks
essive	viljanna, viljaan	viljoinna, viljoin
exessive1)	viljant	viljoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• viljaaitta
• viljapelto
• viljarunni
• viljasarka
• viljellä

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 667

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• vilje (e infinitive)

Etymology

From Old Norse vilja, from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-. Akin to English will.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ʋɪljɑ/

Verb

vilja (present tense vil, past tense ville, past participle vilja, present participle viljande)

1. want

   Eg vil dra no. ― I want to leave now.

2. will (expressing future tense)

   Det der vil du angra på. ― You will regret that.

References

• “vilja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *wiljaną (“to want”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to want, choose”). Compare Old English willan, Old Frisian willa, Old Saxon willian, Old High German wellen, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wiljan).

Verb

vilja (singular past indicative vildi, plural past indicative vildu, past participle viljat)

1. to want

Usage notes

• Along with only two other verbs (munu and skulu), vilja has a special past tense infinitive. It is equal to the third person plural past tense vildu. This rare form is mostly used when the verb of the main clause also is in the past tense.

Conjugation

Conjugation of vilja — active (irregular)

infinitive	vilja
present participle	viljandi
past participle	viljat
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	vil	vilda
2nd-person singular	vill, vilt	vildir
3rd-person singular	vill	vildi
1st-person plural	viljum	vildum
2nd-person plural	vilið	vilduð
3rd-person plural	vilja	vildu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	vila	vilda
2nd-person singular	vilir	vildir
3rd-person singular	vili	vildi
1st-person plural	vilim	vildim
2nd-person plural	vilið	vildið
3rd-person plural	vili	vildi
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	-
1st-person plural	-
2nd-person plural	-

Descendants

• Icelandic: vilja
• Faroese: vilja
• Norwegian Nynorsk: vilja; (dialectal) vi(j)a, vyljå, vyå, velja, vi, ve
• Jamtish: vili
• Elfdalian: wila
• Old Swedish: vilia
  • Swedish: vilja
• Old Danish: willæ
  • Danish: ville
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ville
  • Scanian: villa
• Old Gutnish: wilia
  • Gutnish: ville, vila

Etymology 2

Noun

vilja

1. inflection of vili:
   1. indefinite accusative singular/plural
   2. indefinite dative/genitive singular
   3. indefinite genitive plural

References

• “vilja”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²vɪlːja/

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish vili, vilie, from Old Norse vili, from Proto-Germanic *wiljô.

Noun

vilja c

1. will; a person’s intent, volition, decision.

Declension

Declension of vilja

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	vilja	viljas
	definite	viljan	viljans
plural	indefinite	viljor	viljors
	definite	viljorna	viljornas

Alternative forms

• vilje

Related terms

• ha en egen vilja
• viljestyrka
• frivillig
• att vilja är att kunna

Descendants

• → Elfdalian: wila f

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish vilia, from Old Norse vilja, from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-.

Verb

vilja (present vill, preterite ville, supine velat)

1. to want, desire

   De vill att vi hjälper dem att måla huset

   They want us to help them paint the house

   Jag vill klappa en gullig kanin

   I want to pet a cute rabbit

   Vill du ha kaffe eller te?

   Do you want coffee or tea?

   Jag vill till affären

   I want to go to the store (see the usage notes for why there is no gå, åka, or the like)

   Jag vill hem

   I want (to go) home

   • 1917 translation, the Bible, Deuteronomy (Femte Mosebok), 1:26

     Men I villen icke draga ditupp, utan voren gensträviga mot HERRENS, eder Guds, befallning.

     Notwithstanding ye would not go up, but rebelled against the commandment of the LORD your God.

2. (rare) to intend, be going to, will

   Det vill komma till dig, när du är gammal nog.

   It will come to you, when you are old enough.

Usage notes

• Used with verbs in the infinitive, without infinitive marker ("att"). However note that there may be a conjunction "att" (in the sense of "that") following right after. The first example is a case in point, which could be interpreted as They want that we help them or, more naturally, They want us to help them.
• Unlike wanting to do something ("I want to eat") and wanting something to happen ("I want you to eat"), wanting an object is expressed with vilja in combination with ha ("have"). Thus "I want food" is said Jag vill ha mat (not Jag vill mat). Put another way, wanting to have (ha) is not a special case in Swedish, and needs to be specified.
• Often used with an implied gå (“walk”), åka (“drive”), följa (“follow”), or the like. See ska, which works identically.

Conjugation

Conjugation of vilja (irregular)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	vilja		—
Supine	velat		—
Imperative	—		—
Imper. plural1	—		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	vill	ville	—	—
Ind. plural1	vilja	ville	—	—
Subjunctive2	vilje	ville	—	—
	Participles
Present participle	viljande
Past participle	—
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Derived terms

• skulle vilja

References

• vilja in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• vilja in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• vilja in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)