mul

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mul"

Languages (24)

Translingual

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Bakulung • Bouyei • Catalan • Cornish • Czech • Dalmatian • Danish • Estonian • Franco-Provençal • Ganza • Lower Sorbian • Middle English • Old English • Old French • Old Irish • Polish • Senhaja de Srair • Sumerian • Tatar • Volapük • Welsh • West Frisian • Yapese

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English multiple languages.

Symbol

mul

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for multiple languages.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Translingual terms

Bakulung

Noun

mul

1. water

References

• Roger Blench, Jarawan Bantu: New data and its relation to Bantu (2006), page 13

Bouyei

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *ʰmuːᴬ (“pig”). Cognate with Thai หมู (mǔu), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩪ, Lao ໝູ (mū), Lü ᦖᦴ (ṁuu), Tai Dam ꪢꪴ, Tai Nüa ᥛᥧᥴ (mú), Shan မူ (mǔu), Ahom 𑜉𑜥 (mū), Zhuang mou, Nong Zhuang mu, Saek หมู่.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mu˨˦/

Noun

mul

1. pig

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin mūlus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈmul]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ul

Noun

mul m (plural muls, feminine mula, feminine plural mules)

1. mule

Derived terms

• mular
• mulat
• mulater
• mulenc

Further reading

• “mul”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *mʉl, from Latin mūlus. Cognate with Breton and Welsh mul.

Noun

mul m (plural mules)

1. mule

   Coordinate term: mules f

Derived terms

• ebel mul (“mule foal”)

References

• “mul” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmul]
• Hyphenation: mul
• Rhymes: -ul

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

substratebor.?

Proto-Italic *musklos?

Latin mūlusbor.

Czech mul

Borrowed from Latin mūlus.

Noun

mul m anim (relational adjective mulový or mulí)

1. mule (a hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse)

   Alternative form: mula f

Declension

Declension of mul (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	mul	mulové
genitive	mula	mulů
dative	mulovi, mulu	mulům
accusative	mula	muly
vocative	mule	mulové
locative	mulovi, mulu	mulech
instrumental	mulem	muly

See also

• mezek

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English mull.

Noun

mul m inan (relational adjective mulový)

1. gauze (cotton fabric)

   Synonym: gáza

Declension

Declension of mul (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	mul	muly
genitive	mulu	mulů
dative	mulu	mulům
accusative	mul	muly
vocative	mule	muly
locative	mulu	mulech
instrumental	mulem	muly

Further reading

• “mul”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “mul”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “mul”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• mal

Etymology

From Latin malus.

Adjective

mul

1. bad

Noun

mul m

1. evil

Danish

Verb

mul

1. imperative of mule

Estonian

Pronoun

mul

1. adessive singular of ma

Usage notes

• Used unstressed in a sentence. When the pronoun is stressed, minul (adessive of mina) is used.

Franco-Provençal

Alternative forms

• mol, moul (Old Lyonnais)

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mūlus.

Noun

mul m (Old Dauphinois)

1. male mule

Derived terms

• mulèt

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “mūlus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 6/3: Mobilis–Myxa, page 211

Ganza

Noun

mul

1. feather

References

• Amy Krell, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Ganza, Komo, and "Baruun be Magtole" Language Groups (2011), SIL Journal of Language Survey Reports
• Joshua A. G. Smolders, A Wordlist of Ganza (2015)

Lower Sorbian

dwa mula

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mulъ (“mule”), from Latin mūlus. Cognate with Polish muł, Czech mula, Serbo-Croatian mȕla, and Russian мул (mul).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mul/

Noun

mul m anim (female equivalent mula)

1. mule (generic or male)

Declension

Declension of mul

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	mul	mula	mule
genitive	mula	mulowu	mulow
dative	muloju	muloma	mulam
accusative	mula	mulowu	mule, mulow
instrumental	mulom	muloma	mulami
locative	mulu	muloma	mulach

References

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “mul”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999), “mul”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Middle English

Etymology 1

Verb

mul

1. alternative form of mollen

Etymology 2

Noun

mul

1. alternative form of mule

Etymology 3

Noun

mul

1. alternative form of molle (“rubbish”)

Old English

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *mūl.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /muːl/
• Rhymes: -uːl

Noun

mūl m

1. mule

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	mūl	mūlas
accusative	mūl	mūlas
genitive	mūles	mūla
dative	mūle	mūlum

Derived terms

• Mūl

Descendants

• Middle English: mule, mewle, moyle, muile, mul, muyle
  • English: mule
  • Scots: mule

Old French

Noun

mul oblique singular, m (oblique plural mus or muls, nominative singular mus or muls, nominative plural mul)

1. mule (animal)

Old Irish

Etymology 1

Noun

mul m (genitive muil, nominative plural muil)

1. mass, heap, lump

Declension

Masculine o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	mul	mulL	muilL
vocative	muil	mulL	muluH
accusative	mulN	mulL	muluH
genitive	muilL	mul	mulN
dative	mulL	mulaib	mulaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• mullach

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

mul

1. dative singular of mol

Mutation

Mutation of mul

radical	lenition	nasalization
mul also mmul in h-prothesis environments	mul pronounced with /β̃-/	mul also mmul

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmul/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ul
• Syllabification: mul
• Homophones: mól, Mól, Mul

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French moule. Doublet of muskuł and muszla.

Noun

mul m animal

1. (informal) blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)

   Synonym: omułek jadalny

2. (informal) Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

   Synonym: omułek śródziemnomorski

Declension

Declension of mul

	singular	plural
nominative	mul	mule
genitive	mula	muli
dative	mulowi	mulom
accusative	mula	mule
instrumental	mulem	mulami
locative	mulu	mulach
vocative	mulu	mule

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

mul

1. second-person singular imperative of mulić

Further reading

• “mul”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[1] (in Polish)

Senhaja de Srair

Etymology

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic مول (mūl), from Arabic مَوْلًى (mawlan).

Noun

mul m (plural mwalin, feminine equivalent mulat, Tifinagh spelling ⵎⵓⵍ)

1. owner, caretaker or person responsible for something

See also

• bu-
• sḥab

References

• Gutova, Evgeniya; Byler, Jonathan (2025), “Senhaja de Srair - English Dictionary”, in Webonary‎^[2], retrieved 2025
• Gutova, Evgeniya (2021) Senhaja Berber Varieties: Phonology, Morphology, and Morphosyntax (Thesis)‎^[3], Paris, France: HAL

Sumerian

Romanization

mul

1. romanization of 𒀯 (mul)

Tatar

Adjective

mul

1. abundant, full

Volapük

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mul]

Noun

mul (genitive mula, plural muls)

1. month

Declension

Declension of mul

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	mul	muls
Genitive	mula	mulas
Dative	mule	mules
Accusative	muli	mulis
Predicative1	mulu	mulus
Vocative	o mul	o muls

1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

Related terms

• -ul (“bound morpheme: month”)
• yanul (yan- + -ul): January; febul (feb- + -ul): February; mäzul (mäz- + -ul): March; prilul (pril- + -ul): April; mayul (may- + -ul): May; yunul (yun- + -ul): June; yulul (yul- + -ul): July; gustul (gust- + -ul): August; setul (set- + -ul): September; tobul (tob- + -ul): October; novul (nov- + -ul): November; dekul (dek- + -ul) December
• balul (bal “one” + -ul): January; telul (tel “two” + -ul): February; kilul (kil “three” + -ul): March; folul (fol “four” + -ul): April; lulul (lul “five” + -ul): May; mälul (mäl “six” + -ul): June; velul (vel “seven” + -ul): July; jölul (jöl “eight” + -ul): August; zülul (zül “nine” + -ul): September; degul (deg “ten” + -ul): October; degbalul (degbal “eleven” + -ul): November [cf. babul (balsebal + -ul) and degbul (degb- +-ul)]; degtelul (degtel “twelve” + -ul): December [cf. batul (balsetel + -ul) and degtul (degt- + -ul)]

Further reading

• “mul”, in Vödabuk (in English, Esperanto, and Volapük)

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh mul, from Proto-Brythonic *mʉl (compare Middle Breton mul), from Latin mūlus.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /mɨːl/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /miːl/
• Rhymes: -ɨːl
• Homophone: mil (South Wales)

Noun

mul m (plural mulod or muloedd or mulioedd, feminine mules)

1. mule, hinny

   Synonyms: mŵl, miwl

2. shoemaker's last

Derived terms

• llyncu mul (“to sulk”)
• yn ei ful (“sulking, in a sulk”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of mul

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
mul	ful	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “mul”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian middel, from Proto-Germanic *midlą. More at middle.

Noun

mul c (plural mullen, diminutive multsje)

1. middle
2. waist

Derived terms

• mulwurd

Further reading

• “mul (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Yapese

Verb

mul

1. to fall