ful

See also: fúl, fûl, fül, -ful, and ful-

Languages (21)

Catalan • Danish • Korlai Creole Portuguese • Maltese • Middle English • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Old Frisian • Old Irish • Old Saxon • Plautdietsch • Polish • Romanian • Saterland Frisian • Spanish • Swedish • Tok Pisin • Turkish • Volapük

Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Fula or Fula Fulfulde.

Symbol

ful

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Fula.

Catalan

Catalan Wikipedia has an article on:

ful

Wikipedia ^ca

Etymology

Borrowed from Fula 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫.

Pronunciation

Audio (Barcelona): (file)

Adjective

ful (invariable)

(relational) of Fula

Noun

ful m (uncountable)

Fula

Related terms

fulbe

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish fuul, from Old Norse fúll, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz. Cognate with Swedish ful, English foul, German faul, Dutch vuil.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fuːˀl/, [ˈfuˀl]
Homophone: fugl

Adjective

ful (neuter fult, plural and definite singular attributive fule)

(dated) nasty, ugly
Synonym: styg

Inflection

Inflection of *ful*
	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	ful	mere ful	mest ful²
indefinite neuter singular	fult	mere ful	mest ful²
plural	fule	mere ful	mest ful²
definite attributive¹	fule	mere ful	mest fule

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

References

“ful” in Den Danske Ordbog
“ful” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Korlai Creole Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Marathi फूल (phūl).

Noun

ful

flower

References

Clements, J. Clancy (1996), The Genesis of a Language: The Formation and Development of Korlai Portuguese, John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 71

Maltese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic فُول (fūl)

Maltese ful

Inherited from Arabic فُول (fūl).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fuːl/
Rhymes: -uːl

Noun

ful m (collective, singulative fula, paucal fuliet)

broad bean, broad beans

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English full, from Proto-West Germanic *full, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.

Alternative forms

fol, full, vol, vul

Adverb

ful

very; much; to a great extent
- 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:
  And I seide, "Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. […]
  And I said, "Sir, in his time master John Wycliffe was held by very many men the greatest clerk that they knew living upon earth. And with this he was named, as I believe worthily, an excellent ruly and innocent man in all his living. […]
full
- ca. 1384, John Wycliffe, Wycliffe Bible (translation from the Vulgate), Genesis 25:8
  and failynge he was deed in a good elde, and of greet age, and ful of dayes, and he was gaderyd to his puple.
  and failing he was dead in a good old [age], and of great age, and full of days, and he was gathered to his people.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

English: full
Scots: fou, full
Yola: vull

References

“ful, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

Adjective

ful

(chiefly Early Middle English) alternative form of foul (“foul”)

Etymology 3

Noun

ful

alternative form of fulle

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse fúll, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fʉːl/
Rhymes: -ʉːl
Homophone: fugl

Adjective

ful (masculine and feminine ful, neuter fult, definite singular and plural fule, comparative fulere, indefinite superlative fulest, definite superlative fuleste)

clever, sly

References

“ful” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“ful” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse fúll, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz.

Adjective

ful (neuter fult, definite singular and plural fule, comparative fulare, indefinite superlative fulast, definite superlative fulaste)

clever, sly

References

“ful” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *full.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ful/

Adjective

ful

alternative form of full

Declension

Declension of ful — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ful	ful	ful
Accusative	fulne	fulle	ful
Genitive	fulles	fulre	fulles
Dative	fullum	fulre	fullum
Instrumental	fulle	fulre	fulle
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	fulle	fulla, fulle	ful
Accusative	fulle	fulla, fulle	ful
Genitive	fulra	fulra	fulra
Dative	fullum	fullum	fullum
Instrumental	fullum	fullum	fullum

Declension of ful — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	fulla	fulle	fulle
Accusative	fullan	fullan	fulle
Genitive	fullan	fullan	fullan
Dative	fullan	fullan	fullan
Instrumental	fullan	fullan	fullan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	fullan	fullan	fullan
Accusative	fullan	fullan	fullan
Genitive	fulra, fullena	fulra, fullena	fulra, fullena
Dative	fullum	fullum	fullum
Instrumental	fullum	fullum	fullum

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *fūl.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fuːl/
Rhymes: -uːl

Adjective

fūl

foul (dirty, stinking, vile, corrupt)
- Exeter Book, riddle 40
  iċ eom wyrslīcre þonne þēs wudu fūla
  oððe þis wāroð þe hēr āworpen liġeð.
  I am viler than this foul wood
  or this seaweed that lies here, cast up

Declension

Declension of fūl — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	fūl	fūl	fūl
Accusative	fūlne	fūle	fūl
Genitive	fūles	fūlre	fūles
Dative	fūlum	fūlre	fūlum
Instrumental	fūle	fūlre	fūle
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	fūle	fūla, fūle	fūl
Accusative	fūle	fūla, fūle	fūl
Genitive	fūlra	fūlra	fūlra
Dative	fūlum	fūlum	fūlum
Instrumental	fūlum	fūlum	fūlum

Declension of fūl — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	fūla	fūle	fūle
Accusative	fūlan	fūlan	fūle
Genitive	fūlan	fūlan	fūlan
Dative	fūlan	fūlan	fūlan
Instrumental	fūlan	fūlan	fūlan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	fūlan	fūlan	fūlan
Accusative	fūlan	fūlan	fūlan
Genitive	fūlra, fūlena	fūlra, fūlena	fūlra, fūlena
Dative	fūlum	fūlum	fūlum
Instrumental	fūlum	fūlum	fūlum

Adverb

ful

very, well
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Agnes, Virgin"
  ...and ful leof þam casere for his micclan sige þeah þe he nære gefullod .
  ...and very dear to the emperor for his great victory, though he was not baptized.

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *full.

Adjective

ful

full

Descendants

North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: fol
West Frisian: fol

Old Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸul/

Verb

·ful

third-person singular present subjunctive prototonic of fo·loing

Derived terms

connach·ḟul

Mutation

Mutation of *·ful*
radical	lenition	nasalization
·ful	·ḟul	·ful pronounced with /β̃-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

full

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *full, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.

Adjective

ful

full

Declension

Declension of *ful*
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	ful	ful	ful	fulle	fullu	fulle
accusative	fullana	ful	fulla	fulle	fullu	fulle
genitive	fulles	fulles	fullaro	fullarō	fullarō	fullarō
dative	fullumu	fullumu	fullaro	fullum	fullum	fullum

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
nominative	fullo	fulla	fulla	fullu
accusative	fullun	fulla	fullun	fullun
genitive	fullun	fullun	fullun	fullonō
dative	fullun	fullun	fullun	fullum

Related terms

fullian

Descendants

Low German: vull

Plautdietsch

Adjective

ful

foul, rotten, putrid
lazy, shiftless, indolent, slothful

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈful/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ul
Syllabification: ful

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English full. Doublet of pełny and plenum.

Alternative forms

full

Adjective

ful (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(colloquial) full

Noun

ful m inan

(poker) full house
(colloquial) stout, porter (beer with mid-high hop and alcohol levels)
(colloquial) full house (situation in which a place is filled with people to its maximum capacity)
Synonym: komplet

Declension

Declension of ful

	singular	plural
nominative	ful	fule
genitive	fulu	fuli
dative	fulowi	fulom
accusative	ful	fule
instrumental	fulem	fulami
locative	fulu	fulach
vocative	fulu	fule

Numeral

ful

(colloquial) full

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic فُول (fūl).

Noun

ful m inan

type of heavily spiced Egyptian fava bean paste (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)

Declension

Declension of ful

	singular	plural
nominative	ful	fule
genitive	fula/fulu	fuli
dative	fulowi	fulom
accusative	ful	fule
instrumental	fulem	fulami
locative	fulu	fulach
vocative	fulu	fule

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from English full.

Noun

ful n (plural fuluri)

(poker) full house

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	ful	fulul	fuluri	fulurile
genitive-dative	ful	fulului	fuluri	fulurilor
vocative	fulule		fulurilor

Saterland Frisian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fʊl/
Hyphenation: ful
Rhymes: -ʊl

Etymology 1

From Old Frisian full, from Proto-West Germanic *full. Cognates include West Frisian fol and German voll.

Adjective

ful (masculine fullen, feminine, plural or definite fulle, comparative fuller, superlative fulst)

full

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “full”): loos

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

ful

Unstressed form of fúul

References

Marron C. Fort (2015), “ful”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN
Marron C. Fort (2015), “fúul”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Spanish

Etymology

Of Germanic origin.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈful/ [ˈful]
Rhymes: -ul
Syllabification: ful

Adjective

ful (invariable)

(slang) cheap, fake

Derived terms

fulero

Swedish

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:

fulhet

Wikipedia ^sv

Etymology

From Old Norse fúll, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz. Compare English foul, Dutch vuil, German faul.

Pronunciation

(Sweden) IPA^(key): /fʉːl/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ʉːl

Adjective

ful (comparative fulare, superlative fulast)

ugly (of displeasing appearance)
Antonym: fin
- 1994, “Älska mig [Love Me]”, in Sanningens morgon [The Morning of Truth]‎^[3], performed by Köttgrottorna:
  Jag blir äldre och mindre attraktiv. Rent ut sagt fulare. Åren går så fort att jag har svårt att följa med. Jag byter punkfrisyr mot munkfrisyr och ansiktet det skrynklar ihop sig, men mina egocentriska behov, de kvarstår år efter år.
  I'm getting older and less attractive. Uglier, to put it bluntly. The years go by so fast that I have a hard time keeping up. I exchange punk hairdo for monk hairdo and my face [it – redundant] crumples up, but my egocentric needs, they remain year after year.
Det var den fulaste unge jag någonsin sett
That's the ugliest kid I've ever seen

en ful melodi
an ugly melody
Could also be interpreted as "a dirty melody," using (sense 2).
dirty, bad (contradictory to norms or rules)
ett fult knep
a dirty trick

Larsson gjorde en riktigt ful tackling
Larsson pulled off a really dirty tackle

ett fult ord
a bad word
prefix indicating a state of low or lesser quality: an ironic opposite of fin (“fine, elegant”).
- 2000, Mikael Niemi, Populärmusik från Vittula p. 35; English translation by Laurie Thompson: Popular Music from Vittula (2003), p. 36.
  Hukande tassade han fram till predikstolen, en skygg liten gosse med fulsnaggat hår.
  Shoulders hunched, he tip-toed toward the pulpit, a bashful little boy with an awful haircut.

Usage notes

English foul is a false friend, though cognate. Matches ugly (sense 1) and dirty/bad (sense 2) in meaning and strength.

Declension

Inflection of **ful**
Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative¹
common singular	ful	fulare	fulast
neuter singular	fult	fulare	fulast
plural	fula	fulare	fulast
masculine plural²	fule	fulare	fulast

Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular³	fule	fulare	fulaste
all	fula	fulare	fulaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Derived terms

References

“ful”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
“ful”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
“ful”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

Ulf, ulf

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English fool.

Noun

ful

fool

References

Volker, C. A. (general editor), et al. (2008), Papua New Guinea Tok Pisin English Dictionary, Oxford University Press in association with Wantok Niuspepa, →ISBN, page 19

Turkish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish فل (ful, “sweet mock orange”), from Arabic فِلّ (fill, “Arabian jasmine”).

Noun

ful (definite accusative fulü, plural fuller)

sweet mock orange, any flowering plant of the species Philadelphus coronarius, native to Caucasus
Arabian jasmine, any vine of the species Jasminum sambac, whose fragrance is used for perfume

Declension

Declension of ful

	singular	plural
nominative	ful	fuller
definite accusative	fulü	fulleri
dative	fule	fullere
locative	fulde	fullerde
ablative	fulden	fullerden
genitive	fulün	fullerin

Possessive forms
nominative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulüm	fullerim
2nd singular	fulün	fullerin
3rd singular	fulü	fulleri
1st plural	fulümüz	fullerimiz
2nd plural	fulünüz	fulleriniz
3rd plural	fulleri	fulleri
definite accusative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulümü	fullerimi
2nd singular	fulünü	fullerini
3rd singular	fulünü	fullerini
1st plural	fulümüzü	fullerimizi
2nd plural	fulünüzü	fullerinizi
3rd plural	fullerini	fullerini
dative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulüme	fullerime
2nd singular	fulüne	fullerine
3rd singular	fulüne	fullerine
1st plural	fulümüze	fullerimize
2nd plural	fulünüze	fullerinize
3rd plural	fullerine	fullerine
locative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulümde	fullerimde
2nd singular	fulünde	fullerinde
3rd singular	fulünde	fullerinde
1st plural	fulümüzde	fullerimizde
2nd plural	fulünüzde	fullerinizde
3rd plural	fullerinde	fullerinde
ablative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulümden	fullerimden
2nd singular	fulünden	fullerinden
3rd singular	fulünden	fullerinden
1st plural	fulümüzden	fullerimizden
2nd plural	fulünüzden	fullerinizden
3rd plural	fullerinden	fullerinden
genitive
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulümün	fullerimin
2nd singular	fulünün	fullerinin
3rd singular	fulünün	fullerinin
1st plural	fulümüzün	fullerimizin
2nd plural	fulünüzün	fullerinizin
3rd plural	fullerinin	fullerinin

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish فول (ful), from Arabic فُول (fūl, “fava bean”).

Noun

ful (definite accusative fulü, plural fuller)

broad bean, any edible bean of the species Vicia faba, widely cultivated as a crop
Synonym: bakla

Declension

Declension of ful

	singular	plural
nominative	ful	fuller
definite accusative	fulü	fulleri
dative	fule	fullere
locative	fulde	fullerde
ablative	fulden	fullerden
genitive	fulün	fullerin

Possessive forms
nominative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulüm	fullerim
2nd singular	fulün	fullerin
3rd singular	fulü	fulleri
1st plural	fulümüz	fullerimiz
2nd plural	fulünüz	fulleriniz
3rd plural	fulleri	fulleri
definite accusative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulümü	fullerimi
2nd singular	fulünü	fullerini
3rd singular	fulünü	fullerini
1st plural	fulümüzü	fullerimizi
2nd plural	fulünüzü	fullerinizi
3rd plural	fullerini	fullerini
dative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulüme	fullerime
2nd singular	fulüne	fullerine
3rd singular	fulüne	fullerine
1st plural	fulümüze	fullerimize
2nd plural	fulünüze	fullerinize
3rd plural	fullerine	fullerine
locative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulümde	fullerimde
2nd singular	fulünde	fullerinde
3rd singular	fulünde	fullerinde
1st plural	fulümüzde	fullerimizde
2nd plural	fulünüzde	fullerinizde
3rd plural	fullerinde	fullerinde
ablative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulümden	fullerimden
2nd singular	fulünden	fullerinden
3rd singular	fulünden	fullerinden
1st plural	fulümüzden	fullerimizden
2nd plural	fulünüzden	fullerinizden
3rd plural	fullerinden	fullerinden
genitive
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulümün	fullerimin
2nd singular	fulünün	fullerinin
3rd singular	fulünün	fullerinin
1st plural	fulümüzün	fullerimizin
2nd plural	fulünüzün	fullerinizin
3rd plural	fullerinin	fullerinin

Derived terms

ful-i Misri

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English full.

Adverb

ful

(colloquial) completely, through and through
kavgada ful sakinliğimi korudum ― I completely retained my calmness during the fight

Noun

ful (definite accusative fulu, plural fullar)

(poker) full house, a hand that consists of three of a kind and a pair
(of a test) completely correct, aced

Declension

Declension of ful

	singular	plural
nominative	ful	fullar
definite accusative	fulu	fulları
dative	fula	fullara
locative	fulda	fullarda
ablative	fuldan	fullardan
genitive	fulun	fulların

Possessive forms
nominative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulum	fullarım
2nd singular	fulun	fulların
3rd singular	fulu	fulları
1st plural	fulumuz	fullarımız
2nd plural	fulunuz	fullarınız
3rd plural	fulları	fulları
definite accusative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulumu	fullarımı
2nd singular	fulunu	fullarını
3rd singular	fulunu	fullarını
1st plural	fulumuzu	fullarımızı
2nd plural	fulunuzu	fullarınızı
3rd plural	fullarını	fullarını
dative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fuluma	fullarıma
2nd singular	fuluna	fullarına
3rd singular	fuluna	fullarına
1st plural	fulumuza	fullarımıza
2nd plural	fulunuza	fullarınıza
3rd plural	fullarına	fullarına
locative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulumda	fullarımda
2nd singular	fulunda	fullarında
3rd singular	fulunda	fullarında
1st plural	fulumuzda	fullarımızda
2nd plural	fulunuzda	fullarınızda
3rd plural	fullarında	fullarında
ablative
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulumdan	fullarımdan
2nd singular	fulundan	fullarından
3rd singular	fulundan	fullarından
1st plural	fulumuzdan	fullarımızdan
2nd plural	fulunuzdan	fullarınızdan
3rd plural	fullarından	fullarından
genitive
	singular	plural
1st singular	fulumun	fullarımın
2nd singular	fulunun	fullarının
3rd singular	fulunun	fullarının
1st plural	fulumuzun	fullarımızın
2nd plural	fulunuzun	fullarınızın
3rd plural	fullarının	fullarının

Derived terms

fullemek

Volapük

Noun

ful (genitive fula, plural fuls)

fullness

Declension

Declension of *ful*
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ful	fuls
Genitive	fula	fulas
Dative	fule	fules
Accusative	fuli	fulis
Predicative¹	fulu	fulus
Vocative	o ful	o fuls

Introduced in Volapük Nulik.