武
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
武 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一心卜中一 (MPYLM), four-corner 13140, composition ⿻一⿹弋止)
Derived characters[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- む (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 575, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16273
- Dae Jaweon: page 965, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1439, character 5
- Unihan data for U+6B66
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
武 |
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Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 武 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 戈 (“blade”) + 止 (“foot; to walk; to stop”) – army going on an expedition. In the character 武, the 戈 component is written above the 止 component.
The graphical origin of 武 as “to stop violence” — the ultimate state of just warfare — is traditionally attributed to King Zhuang of Chu [597 BCE]:
- 楚子曰:「非爾所知也。夫文,止戈為武。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Chǔ Zǐ yuē: “Fēi ěr suǒ zhī yě. Fú wén, zhǐ gē wéi wǔ.” [Pinyin]
- Said Lord "Chǔ" (楚): “Not exactly as what you might have believed. The term itself, means: stopping ("止") the blades ("戈") thus martiality ("武").”
楚子曰:“非尔所知也。夫文,止戈为武。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Linguistically, this was likely a misinterpretation, as 止 always means “to walk” (趾) when used as a radical, compare 步, 歷 and 歧.
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-mak (“war, army, soldier”). Cognate with Tibetan དམག (dmag, “army”), Burmese မက် (mak) (as in ရဲမက် (rai:mak, “soldier”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2017d).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
武
- military (related to warfare, fighting)
- martial arts; wushu
- valiant; brave; courageous
- 勇武 ― yǒngwǔ ― valiant; courageous
- soldier; warrior
- 玄武 ― Xuánwǔ ― Black Turtle (lit. "Black Warrior") (one of the Four Symbols among the constellations in Chinese astronomy)
- 夫死生同域,不可脅陵,勇武一人,為三軍雄。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
- Fú sǐshēng tóng yù, bùkě xiélíng, yǒngwǔ yīrén, wéi sānjūn xióng. [Pinyin]
- One for whom death and life are the same territory, who cannot be threatened, such a single brave warrior is the hero of the Three Armies.
夫死生同域,不可胁陵,勇武一人,为三军雄。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- footstep; footprint
- Classifier for half steps.
- (obsolete) to inherit
- a surname
Compounds[edit]
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Descendants[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ぶ (bu, Jōyō)
- Kun: たけ (take); たけし (takeshi, 武し)
- Nanori: う (u); お (o); たけし (takeshi); たける (takeru); たけん (taken); ん (n)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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武 |
む Grade: 5 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 武 (mjuX, “military”).
The goon reading of mu, so likely the initial borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Affix[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
Only found in compounds. Not as common as the bu reading.
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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武 |
ぶ Grade: 5 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 武 (mjuX, “military”).
The kan'on reading of bu, so likely a re-borrowing at a later stage of Middle Chinese, or from a dialectal variation in Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- courage, ferocity, valor
- military power, force of arms
- the act of carrying out military force: a battle, a war
- the way of carrying out military force: strategy, tactics, martial arts
- a military person: an officer, a soldier
- (obsolete) a unit of length, equivalent to half of a 歩 (bu, six 尺 (shaku), roughly six feet or 1.8 meters), roughly equivalent to one yard or 90 centimeters
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 武威 (bui): military power, military authority, military influence over something
- 武運 (buun): military fortune, luck in battle
- 武衛 (buei): a bodyguard to an imperial prince; a shogun, a generalissimo
- 武恩 (buon): a favor received from a shogun or samurai family
- 武火 (buka): a fierce fire, a raging fire
- 武学 (bugaku): military studies
- 武官 (bukan): a military officer
- 武漢 (Bukan): Wuhan, China
- 武鑑 (bukan): in the Edo period, a registry listing all the samurai families by name, 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), income, castles or other residences, and the names of any followers
- 武器 (buki): a weapon
- 武技 (bugi): martial technique: martial arts
- 武家 (buke): a samurai family; the samurai class
- 武芸 (bugei): military arts, military accomplishments
- 武具 (bugu): military gear: more specifically, weapons and armor
- 武勲 (bukun): distinguished military service
- 武庫 (buko): an armory, a storage facility for military gear
- 武功 (bukō): military feats or exploits
- 武江 (Bukō): alternate name for 江戸 (Edo)
- 武骨 (bukotsu): clumsy, rude, oafish; useless, stupid; inconvenient; stiff and angular (of personality)
- 武左 (buza): boorish, hickish
- 武士 (bushi): a warrior, a samurai
- 武事 (buji): military matters
- 武術 (bujutsu): martial arts
- 武昌 (Bushō): Wuchang, China
- 武神 (bushin): a god of war
- 武臣 (bushin): a military minister, a minister of military affairs
- 武人 (bujin): a warrior, a soldier
Etymology 3[edit]
Ateji used in various names.
Proper noun[edit]
- a male given name
- a male given name
References[edit]
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- Hanja form? of 무 (“military nobility; soldier, warrior; weaponry, weapons”).
- Hanja form? of 무 (“courage, honor”).
- Hanja form? of 무 (“martial arts, wushu; to demonstrate military force: strategy, tactics, martial arts”).
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- A surname.
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Bei lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Min Bei nouns
- Min Dong nouns
- Min Nan nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Taishanese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Min Bei adjectives
- Min Dong adjectives
- Min Nan adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Chinese classifiers
- Mandarin classifiers
- Cantonese classifiers
- Taishanese classifiers
- Hakka classifiers
- Min Bei classifiers
- Min Dong classifiers
- Min Nan classifiers
- Teochew classifiers
- Wu classifiers
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Taishanese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Min Bei verbs
- Min Dong verbs
- Min Nan verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Min Bei proper nouns
- Min Dong proper nouns
- Min Nan proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
- Chinese Han characters
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Chinese surnames
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 5 kanji
- Japanese kanji with kun reading たけ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading たけ-し
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ぶ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading む
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading う
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading お
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たけし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たける
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たけん
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ん
- Japanese terms spelled with 武 read as む
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese affixes
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 武
- Japanese terms spelled with 武 read as ぶ
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese given names
- Japanese male given names
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- ko:Martial arts
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters