武

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武 U+6B66, 武
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B66
← 步
[U+6B65] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 歧 →
[U+6B67]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

武 (radical 77, 止+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一心卜中一 (MPYLM), four-corner 13140, composition ⿻一⿹弋止)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 575, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16273
  • Dae Jaweon: page 965, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1439, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6B66

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 武
Common non-standard written form of the character '武'

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 武
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
武-oracle.svg 武-bronze.svg 武-silk.svg 武-seal.svg 武-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (武) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
賦 *mpas
陚 *mpas
武 *maʔ
鵡 *maʔ
珷 *maʔ
碔 *maʔ
娬 *maʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 止 (“foot; to walk; to stop”) + 戈 (“spear”) – army going on expedition.

The graphical origin of 武 as “to stop violence” — the ultimate state of just warfare — is traditionally attributed to King Zhuang of Chu [597 BCE]:

楚子曰：「非爾所知也。夫文，止戈為武。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
楚子曰：“非尔所知也。夫文，止戈为武。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Commentary of Zuo, circa 4th century BCE
Chǔ Zǐ yuē: “Fēi ěr suǒ zhī yě. Fú wén, zhǐ gē wéi wǔ.” [Pinyin]
The Viscount of Chu said: "You do not understand. In writing, the characters 'to stop' and 'halberd' combine into 'martial virtue'."

Linguistically, this was likely a misinterpretation, as 止 was frequently used to mean “to walk” (趾), not “to stop”.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 武
Mandarin Beijing /u²¹⁴/
Harbin /u²¹³/
Tianjin /u¹³/
Jinan /u⁵⁵/
Qingdao /vu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /u⁵³/
Xi'an /vu⁵³/
Xining /v̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /vu⁵³/
Lanzhou /vu⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /vu⁵¹/
Wuhan /u⁴²/
Chengdu /u⁵³/
Guiyang /u⁴²/
Kunming /u⁵³/
Nanjing /u²¹²/
Hefei /u²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /vu⁵³/
Pingyao /u⁵³/
Hohhot /vu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /vu²³/
Suzhou /vu³¹/
Hangzhou /ʔu⁵³/
Wenzhou /vu³⁵/
Hui Shexian /u³⁵/
Tunxi /u³¹/
Xiang Changsha /u⁴¹/
Xiangtan /u⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /u²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /vu⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /vu³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mou²³/
Nanning /mu²⁴/
Hong Kong /mou¹³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /bu⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /u³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /u²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /bu⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /vu²¹³/
Rime
Character 武
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 文甫切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mioX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/muə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/mioX/
Wang
Li 		/mĭuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/mi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wǔ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 武
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mjuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m(r)aʔ/
English military

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 武
Reading # 1/1
No. 13184
Phonetic
component 		武
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		武
Old
Chinese 		/*maʔ/

Definitions[edit]

武

  1. military; forces
  2. military (related to warfare, fighting)
  3. martial arts; wushu
  4. valiant; brave; courageous
  5. soldier; warrior
  6. footstep; footprint
  7. Classifier for half steps.
  8. to inherit
  9. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 武

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

武

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
武
む
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 武 (mjuX, “military”).

The goon reading of mu, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

武(む) • (mu) 

  1. military, martial
Usage notes[edit]

Only found in compounds. Not as common as the bu reading.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
武
ぶ
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 武 (mjuX, “military”).

The kan'on reading of bu, so likely a re-borrowing at a later stage of Middle Chinese, or from a dialectal variation in Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

武(ぶ) • (bu) 

  1. courage, ferocity, valor
  2. military power, force of arms
  3. the act of carrying out military force: a battle, a war
  4. the way of carrying out military force: strategy, tactics, martial arts
  5. a military person: an officer, a soldier
  6. (obsolete) a unit of length, equivalent to half of a 歩 (bu, six 尺 (shaku), roughly six feet or 1.8 meters), roughly equivalent to one yard or 90 centimeters
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Synonyms[edit]
Synonyms

Etymology 3[edit]

Ateji used in various names.

Proper noun[edit]

武(たけし) • (Takeshi) 

  1. A male given name

武(たける) • (Takeru) 

  1. A male given name

References[edit]

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

武 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)

  1. military nobility
  2. soldier, warrior
  3. courage, honor
  4. weaponry, weapons
  5. martial arts, wushu
  6. to demonstrate military force: strategy, tactics, martial arts

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

武 (vũ, võ)

  1. A surname.
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