武
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
武 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一心卜中一 (MPYLM), four-corner 13140, composition ⿻一⿹弋止)
Derived characters[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- む (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 575, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16273
- Dae Jaweon: page 965, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1439, character 5
- Unihan data for U+6B66
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
武 | |
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Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 武 | ||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 戈 (“blade”) + 止 (“foot; to walk; to stop”) – army going on an expedition. In the character 武, the 戈 component is written above the 止 component.
The graphical origin of 武 as “to stop violence” — the ultimate state of just warfare — is traditionally attributed to King Zhuang of Chu [597 BCE]:
- 楚子曰：「非爾所知也。夫文，止戈為武。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Chǔ Zǐ yuē: “Fēi ěr suǒ zhī yě. Fú wén, zhǐ gē wéi wǔ.” [Pinyin]
- Said Lord "Chǔ" (楚): “Not exactly as what you might have believed. The term itself, means: stopping ("止") the blades ("戈") thus martiality ("武").”
楚子曰：“非尔所知也。夫文，止戈为武。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Linguistically, this was likely a misinterpretation, as 止 always means “to walk” (趾) when used as a radical, compare 步, 歷 and 歧.
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-mak (“war, army, soldier”). Cognate with Tibetan དམག (dmag, “army”), Burmese မက် (mak) (as in ရဲမက် (rai:mak, “soldier”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2017d).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
武
- military (related to warfare, fighting)
- martial arts; wushu
- valiant; brave; courageous
- 勇武 ― yǒngwǔ ― valiant; courageous
- soldier; warrior
- 玄武 ― Xuánwǔ ― Black Turtle (lit. "Black Warrior") (one of the Four Symbols among the constellations in Chinese astronomy)
- 夫死生同域，不可脅陵，勇武一人，為三軍雄。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
- Fú sǐshēng tóng yù, bùkě xiélíng, yǒngwǔ yīrén, wéi sānjūn xióng. [Pinyin]
- One for whom death and life are the same territory, who cannot be threatened, such a single brave warrior is the hero of the Three Armies.
夫死生同域，不可胁陵，勇武一人，为三军雄。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- footstep; footprint
- Classifier for half steps.
- (obsolete) to inherit
- a surname
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 武
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Descendants[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
武
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ぶ (bu, Jōyō)
- Kun: たけ (take); たけし (takeshi, 武し)
- Nanori: う (u); お (o); たけし (takeshi); たける (takeru); たけん (taken); ん (n)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 武 |
| む Grade: 5 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 武 (mjuX, “military”).
The goon reading of mu, so likely the initial borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Affix[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
Only found in compounds. Not as common as the bu reading.
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 武 |
| ぶ Grade: 5 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 武 (mjuX, “military”).
The kan'on reading of bu, so likely a re-borrowing at a later stage of Middle Chinese, or from a dialectal variation in Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- courage, ferocity, valor
- military power, force of arms
- the act of carrying out military force: a battle, a war
- the way of carrying out military force: strategy, tactics, martial arts
- a military person: an officer, a soldier
- (obsolete) a unit of length, equivalent to half of a 歩 (bu, six 尺 (shaku), roughly six feet or 1.8 meters), roughly equivalent to one yard or 90 centimeters
Synonyms[edit]
Synonyms
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 武威 (bui): military power, military authority, military influence over something
- 武運 (buun): military fortune, luck in battle
- 武衛 (buei): a bodyguard to an imperial prince; a shogun, a generalissimo
- 武恩 (buon): a favor received from a shogun or samurai family
- 武火 (buka): a fierce fire, a raging fire
- 武学 (bugaku): military studies
- 武官 (bukan): a military officer
- 武漢 (Bukan): Wuhan, China
- 武鑑 (bukan): in the Edo period, a registry listing all the samurai families by name, 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), income, castles or other residences, and the names of any followers
- 武器 (buki): a weapon
- 武技 (bugi): martial technique: martial arts
- 武家 (buke): a samurai family; the samurai class
- 武芸 (bugei): military arts, military accomplishments
- 武具 (bugu): military gear: more specifically, weapons and armor
- 武勲 (bukun): distinguished military service
- 武庫 (buko): an armory, a storage facility for military gear
- 武功 (bukō): military feats or exploits
- 武江 (Bukō): alternate name for 江戸 (Edo)
- 武骨 (bukotsu): clumsy, rude, oafish; useless, stupid; inconvenient; stiff and angular (of personality)
- 武左 (buza): boorish, hickish
- 武士 (bushi): a warrior, a samurai
- 武事 (buji): military matters
- 武術 (bujutsu): martial arts
- 武昌 (Bushō): Wuchang, China
- 武神 (bushin): a god of war
- 武臣 (bushin): a military minister, a minister of military affairs
- 武人 (bujin): a warrior, a soldier
Etymology 3[edit]
Ateji used in various names.
Proper noun[edit]
- a male given name
- a male given name
References[edit]
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- Hanja form? of 무 (“military nobility; soldier, warrior; weaponry, weapons”).
- Hanja form? of 무 (“courage, honor”).
- Hanja form? of 무 (“martial arts, wushu; to demonstrate military force: strategy, tactics, martial arts”).
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- A surname.
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たけし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たける
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たけん
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ん
- Japanese terms spelled with 武 read as む
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