courage
See also: Courage
English
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]From Middle English corage, from Old French corage (French courage), from Vulgar Latin *corāticum, from Latin cor (“heart”). Distantly related to cardiac (“of the heart”), which is from Greek, but from the same Proto-Indo-European root. Displaced Middle English elne, ellen, from Old English ellen (“courage, valor”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈkʌ.ɹɪdʒ/, (US, hurry–furry merger) /ˈkɝ.ɪd͡ʒ/
Audio (US, without the hurry–furry merger): (file) Audio (US, hurry–furry merger): (file)
- (Indic) IPA(key): /kəˈreː.d͡ʒ/
Noun
[edit]courage (usually uncountable, plural courages)
- The quality of being confident, not afraid or easily intimidated, but without being incautious or inconsiderate.
- 1860, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Essay IV. Culture.”, in The Conduct of Life, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 120:
- A great part of courage is the courage of having done the thing before.
- 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:
- There is a stubbornness about me that never can bear to be frightened at the will of others. My courage always rises at every attempt to intimidate me.
- It takes a lot of courage to be successful in business.
- The ability to overcome one's fear, do or live things which one finds frightening.
- He plucked up the courage to tell her how he felt.
- 1897, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], “[Pudd’nhead Wilson] Chapter XII”, in The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson: And the Comedy Those Extraordinary Twins, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 155:
- Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear—not absence of fear.
- The ability to maintain one's will or intent despite either the experience of fear, frailty, or frustration; or the occurrence of adversity, difficulty, defeat or reversal. Moral fortitude.
- 1942, C.S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters:
- “Courage is not simply one of the virtues but the form of every virtue at the testing point, which means at the point of highest reality.”
- 1960 July 11, Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird, Philadelphia, Pa., New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC:
- I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what.
- 1993, Stanley P. Cornils, The Mourning After: How to Manage Grief Wisely:
- Courage isn't having the strength to go on - it is going on when you don't have strength.
- 2008, Maya Angelou, address for the 2008 Cornell University commencement
- Courage is the most important of all the virtues because without courage, you can't practice any other virtue consistently.
- 2008, Eric Roth, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button Screenplay:
- I hope you live a life you’re proud of. If you find that you’re not, I hope you have the courage to start all over again.
Synonyms
[edit]- See also Thesaurus:courage
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]quality of a confident character
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ability to do frightening things
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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Verb
[edit]courage (third-person singular simple present courages, present participle couraging, simple past and past participle couraged)
- (obsolete) To encourage. [15th–17th c.]
- 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter X, in Le Morte Darthur, book XIX:
- And wete yow wel sayd kynge Arthur vnto Vrres syster I shalle begynne to handle hym and serche vnto my power not presumyng vpon me that I am soo worthy to hele youre sone by my dedes / but I wille courage other men of worshyp to doo as I wylle doo
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1530, William Tyndale, An Answer unto Sir Thomas More's Dialogue:
- Paul writeth unto Timothy, to instruct him, to teach him, to exhort, to courage him, to stir him up,
See also
[edit]French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French corage, from Old French corage, from Vulgar Latin *corāticum, from Latin cor. Cognate with Catalan coratge, Italian coraggio, Occitan coratge, Spanish coraje.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]courage m (plural courages)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Bulgarian: кураж (kuraž)
- → Macedonian: кураж (kuraž)
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: korjøsk, korjørsk
- → Romanian: curaj
- → Russian: кураж (kuraž)
Interjection
[edit]courage !
Usage notes
[edit]"bon courage !" has a slightly different meaning: "good luck!".
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “courage”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Categories:
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerd-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
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- English verbs
- English terms with obsolete senses
- Middle English terms with quotations
- English abstract nouns
- en:Emotions
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- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:French/aʒ
- Rhymes:French/aʒ/2 syllables
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- French terms with usage examples
- French interjections