雄

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雄 U+96C4, 雄
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96C4
← 雃
[U+96C3]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 雅 →
[U+96C5]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

雄 (radical 172 隹+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 大戈人土 (KIOG), four-corner 40014, composition ⿰厷隹)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1365, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41972
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1869, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4093, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+96C4

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 雄
alt. forms 䧺

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (厷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
肱 kʷɯːŋ
宏 ɡʷrɯːŋ
閎 ɡʷrɯːŋ
吰 ɡʷrɯːŋ
竑 ɡʷrɯːŋ
谹 ɡʷrɯːŋ
翃 ɡʷrɯːŋ
紘 ɡʷrɯːŋ
鈜 ɡʷrɯːŋ
浤 ɡʷrɯːŋ
耾 ɡʷrɯːŋ
雄 ɡʷɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡʷɯŋ): phonetic 厷 (OC *kʷɯːŋ) + semantic 隹.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hiông - literary;
  • hêng/hîn - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 雄
Mandarin Beijing /ɕyŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ɕyŋ²⁴/
/ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕyŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕyŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕyuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕyŋ²⁴/
Xining /ɕyə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕyŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕỹn⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕioŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕyoŋ³¹/
Guiyang /ɕioŋ²¹/
Kunming /ɕiŋ³¹/
Nanjing /ɕioŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕyŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕỹŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦioŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦioŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦioŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /joŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ɕioŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /ɕin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiuŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /hiuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /hioŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ²¹/
Nanning /huŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /huŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiɔŋ³⁵/
/hiŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xœyŋ²¹/
/xœyŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hioŋ⁵⁵/
/heŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hiɔŋ³¹/
/hiaŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 雄
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羽弓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦuwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣiuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣĭuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yóng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 雄
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xióng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hjuwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]ʷəŋ/
English male

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 雄
Reading # 1/1
No. 4140
Phonetic
component		 厷
Rime
group		 蒸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 雄
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡʷɯŋ/

Definitions[edit]

雄

  1. (usually of animals) male
  2. masculine; powerful; grand
  3. powerful or influential person or state

Usage notes[edit]

  • Commonly used for animals to mean “male” in academic contexts, less commonly used in non-academic contexts (use 公 instead), and not used for humans (use 男 instead). For example:
    雄雞 / 雄鸡  ―  xióngjī  ―  cock
    雄牛  ―  xióngniú  ―  bull

Antonyms[edit]

  • 雌 (cí, “female”)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 雄

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

雄

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
雄
ゆう
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 雄 (hjuwng, “male”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

雄 (hiragana ゆう, rōmaji yū)

  1. male
  2. something or someone excellent (male)
    一 (いっ)世 (せい)の雄 (ゆう)
    issei no yū
    one of the greatest men of his generation
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
雄
お
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/wo/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Persists in compounds, such as the first element o- in the modern Japanese term 男 (otoko, “man”).[2][1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

雄 (hiragana お, rōmaji o, historical hiragana を)

  1. (obsolete in isolation) man, male
    • 711-712, Kojiki (上巻 [Kamitsumaki])
      汝 (な)こそは遠 (を)にいませば
      na koso wa o ni imaseba
      As you yourself be male / a man...
  2. (obsolete) husband
    • 711-712, Kojiki (上巻 [Kamitsumaki])
      吾 (わ)はもよ女 (め)にしあれば汝 (な)を除 (き)て男 (を)は無 (な)し汝 (な)を除 (き)て夫 (つま)は無 (な)し
      wa wa moyo me ni shiareba na o kite o wa nashi na o kite tsuma wa nashi
      As I am a woman, without you, there are no husbands. Without you, there are no wives...
  3. something large, powerful, or otherwise masculine
    雄 (お)叫 (たけ)び／雄 (お)滝 (だき)／大 (ますら)夫 (お)
    otakebi/odaki/masurao
    a war cry / the larger of two waterfalls / manliness
  4. yang (as opposed to yin)
    女 (め)男 (お)、陰 (め)陽 (お)
    meo, meo
    yin-yang (two different kanji spellings, same reading and derivation)
Usage notes[edit]
  • Not used in isolation in modern Japanese.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Antonyms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
雄
おす
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/wosu/ → /osu/

Compound of 雄 (o, “male”) +‎ す (su), but the derivation of the su element is unknown.

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

雄 (hiragana おす, katakana オス, rōmaji osu, historical hiragana をす)

  1. male
Usage notes[edit]
  • This is the most common reading of this term in modern Japanese when used as a standalone noun.
  • Only used to refer to non-human male organisms.
  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as オス.

Synonyms[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
雄
おん
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/won/ → /on/

Compound of 雄 (o, “male”) +‎ ん (n). The latter -n element might be a contraction of the possessive particle の (no).

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

雄 (hiragana おん, rōmaji on, historical hiragana をん)

  1. male
Usage notes[edit]
  • Not used in isolation in modern Japanese.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

雄 • (ung) (hangeul 웅, revised ung, McCune-Reischauer ung, Yale wung)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

雄 (hùng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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