yang

See also: Yang, yáng, yàng, Yáng, yāng, and yǎng

English

Etymology 1

From early romanizations of Chinese 陽／阳 (yáng), originally in reference to the sunny side of areas such as mountains and dwellings.

Alternative forms

• Yang

Pronunciation

• (without /æ/ raising) IPA^(key): /ˈjæŋ/, [ˈjæŋ]

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (/æ/ raising)
  • (US, Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈjeɪ̯ŋ/, [ˈjeɪ̯ŋ]; /ˈjɛ̃ŋ/, [ˈjɛ̃ŋ]
• Rhymes: -æŋ
• Hyphenation: yang

Noun

yang (uncountable)

1. (philosophy) A principle in Chinese and related East Asian philosophies associated with bright, hot, masculine, etc. elements of the natural world.
   • 1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 187:

     "Steamed fish and chicken and vegetable soup and even mushrooms are considered cooling foods, edible materializations of the yang, the pure primal air. The yin, or earth element, inheres in fried dishes and especially in shark's fin soup. Am I right, Mr Lee?"

   • 1985 August 17, S. H. Chua, “IGA Smashes Borders”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 6, page 10:

     The performance was unmistakably male and gay. The rousing lion dance that capped their performance provided the right touch of "yang" without destroying the distinct feel of something gay, Asian and new.

Related terms

• (complement): yin
• (unity): yin-yang
• MONOGRAM FOR YANG ⚊

Translations

essential male principle

• Chinese:

  Dungan: ён (ion)

  Mandarin: 陽 / 阳 (zh) (yáng)

• German: Yang (de) n
• Hungarian: jang (hu)
• Japanese: 陽 (ja) (よう, yō)
• Korean: 양(陽) (ko) (yang)
• Manchu: ᠠ (a)
• Persian: یانگ (yâng)
• Russian: ян (ru) m or n (jan)
• Swedish: yang (sv)
• Ukrainian: ян m (jan)
• Vietnamese: dương (vi) (陽 (vi))

Etymology 2

From Korean 양(兩) (yang, “yang, tael”). Doublet of liang.

Noun

yang (plural yangs)

1. The monetary unit of Korea from 1892 to 1902, divided into 100 pun.

Etymology 3

Imitative.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -æŋ

Verb

yang (third-person singular simple present yangs, present participle yanging, simple past and past participle yanged)

1. (rare) To make the cry of the wild goose.
   • 1902, Eleanor Gates, The biography of a prairie girl:

     Away they went, the colt in the lead and the pinto after, until they reached the bunch of cottonwoods far up the stream where the yanging wild geese had their nests.

   • 1957, Adelbert Ames, Chronicles from the Nineteenth Century: 1874-1899:

     Last night we were awakened by the barking of dogs and yanging of a goose, and investigated to find that the man had neglected to house the geese and the dogs were killing them.

Noun

yang (plural yangs)

1. The cry of the wild goose; a honk.
   • 1867, Gail Hamilton, Wool-gathering‎^[1], Boston: Ticknor and Fields, page 185:

     Hangs is a false word, — a Northern corruption of the negro dialect yang, — an onomatopœian word, representing the "far heard clang" of the wild goose.

Anagrams

• Nagy

Bahnar

Noun

yang

1. a spirit or god

   yang trôk

   God

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Mandarin 陽／阳 (yáng).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɑ̃ɡ/, /jaŋ/

Noun

yang m (uncountable)

1. yang

Further reading

• “yang”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• jang (1901–1947)

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈjaŋ/ [ˈjaŋ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aŋ
• Syllabification: yang

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay yang, from Classical Malay يڠ (yang), from Old Malay [script needed] (yaṃ).

Alternative forms

• yg (abbreviation)
• jg (1901–1947, abbreviation)

Conjunction

yang

1. (relative) that

   Rumah yang aku mau.

   the house that I want

2. (relative) which

   Synonym: yang mana

   yang bebas dari hak cipta tertentu ― which is free from certain copyrights

Pronoun

yang

1. (impersonal pronoun) one

   Dia mau yang hijau

   He wants the green one.

Usage notes

This term can't be used as a indefinite personal pronoun, as in "one shouldn’t be too quick to judge". Use seseorang (“somebody, someone”) instead.

Derived terms

• (royal, humble) yang dipertuan (“lord”)
• yang mana (“which (one)?; which”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay yang, variant of hyang, from Proto-Malayic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiaŋ.

Noun

yang (plural yang-yang)

1. (Hinduism) Hyang (unseen spirit with supernatural powers, in ancient Indonesian mythology)

Alternative forms

• hiang
• hyang

Derived terms

• beryang-yang
• yang-yang

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Chinese 陽／阳 (yáng).

Noun

yang (plural yang-yang)

1. (philosophy) yang

   Antonym: yin

Etymology 4

Noun

yang (plural yang-yang)

1. apheretic form of sayang (“sweetheart; darling”)

Further reading

• “yang”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Kapampangan

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia

Kapampangan ya

Kapampangan ing

Kapampangan yang

From ya + ing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjaŋ/ [ˈjaŋ]
• IPA^(key): /ˈjaŋ/ [ˈjaŋ]
• Hyphenation: yang

Particle

yang

1. Separates the subject and the predicate. Indicative of a sentence inversion, i.e. from predicate-first form to subject-first form.

   Yaku yang minyabi. (Sinabi ke.)

   I said it.

   Ikang sirena. (Sirena ka.)

   You're a mermaid.

2. Indicates the subject of a sentence.

   Pusa yang atiyu.

   There is a cat.

   Asu yang mamangan butul.

   The dog is eating a bone.

Usage notes

• The word yang usually replaces iyang when in the middle of a sentence.
• This is usually elided to -ng following a word ending in a vowel in speeches, casual, or poetic writing.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Chinese 陽／阳 (yáng).

Noun

yang

1. (philosophy) yang

   Antonym: yin

Lashi

Etymology

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *jaŋ.

Pronunciation

• (Waingmaw) IPA^(key): [jaŋ˧˧]
• Hyphenation: yang

Noun

yang (classifier du꞉)

1. sheep
   • 2005, “Apoem ayang꞉ 21:27 [Genesis 21:27]”, in Jhoem꞉ mougsougˮ [The Book of the Bible]‎^[2], page 30:

     Hau꞉ thang꞉ Abraham gi Abimeleg ri yang yoʼ nu dayhamˮ byid꞉ lho꞉ nya꞉ tang꞉ gi myid veingˮ khyoo꞉ koid bye꞉.

     After that Abraham gave Abimeleg some sheep and cattle and then the two of them made a truce.

Derived terms

• yang nuˮ
• yang phung꞉

References

• Mark Wannemacher (2011), A phonological overview of the Lacid language‎^[3], Chiang Mai: Payap University., page 26
• Hkaw Luk (2017), A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎^[4], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis), page 21

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jaŋ]
• Rhymes: -aŋ
• Hyphenation: yang

• Audio (Malaysia):

  (file)

Etymology 1

First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (yaṃ).

Probably a contraction of ia +‎ ng, compare yaitu (from ia +‎ itu). The second element is likely related to the Austronesian linker *ŋ (compare Tagalog ng).

Equivalent to ia +‎ -ng. Compare Javanese kang (from kae + ng) and Javanese sing (from si + ng).

Alternative forms

• yg (Internet, text messaging)
• iang, nyang

Article

yang (Jawi spelling يڠ)

1. An article that denotes a noun with the connecting description.

   yang merah ― the red one(s)

   Aku suka yang merah saja. ― I only like the red ones.

   yang di tengah ― the one(s) in the middle

   Antara tiga kereta ini, saya suka yang di tengah.

   Between these three cars, I like the one in the middle.

Derived titles of address

• Yang Amat Arif
• Yang Amat Berbahagia
• Yang Amat Berhormat
• Yang Amat Mulia
• Yang Arif
• Yang Berbahagia
• Yang Berhormat
• Yang Berhormat Mulia
• Yang di-Pertuan Agong
• Yang Dipertua
• Yang Dipertua Negeri
• Yang Dipertuan
• Yang Maha Kuasa
• Yang Maha Mulia
• Yang Mulia
• Yang Teramat Mulia

Conjunction

yang (Jawi spelling يڠ)

1. That:
   1. Used to show that the following explanatory words are given importance or denotes a difference, similar to English relative that, which and who.

      Synonym: nan (poetic)

      kapal yang besar ― boat that is big.

   2. (informal) Used to state the content or an explanation of the preceding word or sentence, similar to English conjunctive that.

      Synonym: bahawa

      Adam tahu yang sebenarnya bukan dia yang menang.

      Adam knows that it actually wasn't him who won.

2. Used to show that the following words or sentences are an explanation of the preceding words.

   Ramai orang yang ingin meminta autograf pelakon itu.

   Many people wanted to ask for the actor's autograph.

Etymology 2

Clipping of hiang, from Proto-Malayic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiaŋ.

Alternative forms

• hiang, yang-yang

Noun

yang (Jawi spelling يڠ)

1. A deity, god or goddess.

   Synonyms: dewa m, dewi f, tuhan n

Derived terms

Affixations

• beryang-yang
• kayangan

Compounds

• sangyang
• sembahyang

Etymology 3

Clipping of sayang.

Alternative forms

• ayang, sayang

Noun

yang (Jawi spelling يڠ)

1. Apheretic form of sayang:
   1. A title of address for a romantic partner, equivalent to English dear and honey.

      Yang, kat mana kita nak makan malam ni?

      Honey, where are we eating tonight?

Etymology 4

Clipping of dayang.

Noun

yang (Jawi spelling يڠ)

1. Apheretic form of dayang:
   1. (colloquial) A title of little distinction.
   2. (Pahang, Johor) A feminine titular prefix.

Further reading

• "yang" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "yang" at PRPM first version)
• Wilkinson, R. J. (1946), “yang”, in An Abridged Malay-English Dictionary, St. Martin's Street, London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd.

Mandarin

Romanization

yang

1. nonstandard spelling of yāng
2. nonstandard spelling of yáng
3. nonstandard spelling of yǎng
4. nonstandard spelling of yàng

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mato

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈjɑŋ]

Noun

yang

1. wind

References

• Phonological Descriptions of Papua New Guinea Languages (2005, SIL, edited by Steve Parker), section Mato (Nenaya, Nengaya, Nineia) Language, page 28: yang [ˈjɑŋ] 'wind'

Miskito

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jaŋ/

Pronoun

yang

1. I

See also

Miskito personal pronouns

		singular	plural
first	inclusive	yang	yawan
	exclusive		yang nani
second		man	man nani
third		witin	witin nani

Peranakan Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Chinese 陽／阳 (yáng).

Noun

yang

1. (philosophy) yang: A principle in Chinese and related East Asian philosophies associated with bright, hot, masculine, etc. elements of the natural world.

   sebab dalem pengidoepan di ini alam tida ada doea benda jang sama, malahan bersifat bertentangan, im dan yang, kaja dan miskin, tjerdik dan bodo, tjantik dan djelek. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Ternate

Etymology

From Malay yang, from Old Malay yaṃ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jaŋ]

Conjunction

yang (Jawi يڠ)

1. relative clause introducer; which, that

   Synonym: ma

   pangkat yang gaku ― a high position (literally, “a position which is high”)

   ngofa halal yang manyirah ― the legitimate eldest son (literally, “the legitimate son who is eldest”)

   oto yang ikuraci ngori ri die ― the yellow car is mine (literally, “the car which is yellow is my property”)

Usage notes

In older texts, as de Clercq mentions, yang was only used together with other Malay borrowings; in more recent usage, yang can follow non-Malay words as well.

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890), Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Wutunhua

Etymology

From Mandarin 羊 (yáng).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jɑ̃]

Noun

yang

1. sheep

   je nga-n-de mize-de yang hai-li.

   This is our little sister's sheep.

   (Quoted in Sandman, p. 99)

References

• Erika Sandman (2016), A Grammar of Wutun‎^[5], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN