etc.

See also: ETC and etc

English

Alternative forms

• etc, ec.
• &c., &c, &ca., &ca (archaic)

Etymology

From Middle English et cetera, etc., from Latin etc., an abbreviation of et cetera (“and the rest [of the things]; and the other things”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌɛt ˈsɛt.(ə.)ɹə/, /ɪt ˈsɛt.(ə.)ɹə/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• IPA^(key): (nonstandard, see usage notes) /ˌɛkˈsɛt.(ə.)ɹə/, /ɪkˈsɛt.(ə.)ɹə/

  • Audio (UK):

    (file)

Phrase

etc.

1. Abbreviation of et cetera: and so on; used to note that the rest of a list or piece of information has been left out on the assumption that it is similar or already known.

   Synonyms: and so forth, and so on, and the rest, blah blah blah, et al., you name it, ... (ellipses)

   Coordinate terms: et sq., vel sim.

   The grocery shop sells cucumbers, lettuce, radishes, etc.

   I like video games of strategy (Civilization, SimCity, etc.) and speed (such as Neverball).

Usage notes

• Etc. is typically read out as the full Latin phrase et cetera rather than as letters (as with i.e.) or as a contraction (as with et seq.). It is, however, sometimes read out as its English version and so on (as with e.g.).
• In Latin, et cetera refers solely to other things. It is therefore properly avoided in lists of people, where et al. (abbreviation of et alii) is used instead. Et al. is thus sometimes sharply distinguished from etc. in English. The same abbreviation can also stand for the Latin et alia, which is a synonym of etc.
• Since etc. effectively makes a list exhaustive, it is properly avoided when using other abbreviations (such as e.g. or viz.) that offer partial examples. If the etc. is desired, i.e. may be used in their places.
• The pronunciation with a velar plosive /k/ sound in place of the alveolar /t/ in the first word is usually proscibed and somewhat stigmatized. It is rendered in eye dialect excetera, exetera, or ekcetera.

Translations

and so on — see also and so forth

• Afrikaans: ens
• Albanian: etj.
• Arabic: إِلَخ (ar) (ʔilaḵ)

  Hijazi Arabic: إِلَخ (ʔilaḵ)

• Armenian: ևն (ewn)
• Azerbaijani: və s., i.a.
• Belarusian: і г. д. (i h. d.)
• Bulgarian: и т.н. (i t.n.)
• Catalan: etc. (ca)
• Czech: atd. (cs), aj. (cs)
• Danish: etc. (da), osv. (da)
• Dutch: enz. (nl), etc. (nl)
• Esperanto: ktp (eo), ktp.
• Estonian: jne (et)
• Faroese: o.s.fr.
• Finnish: jne. (fi), ym. (fi)
• French: etc. (fr)
• Georgian: და ა.შ. (da a.š.)
• German: usw. (de), etc. (de)
• Greek: κτλ. (el) (ktl.), κλπ. (el) (klp.)
• Greenlandic: il.il.
• Hebrew: וְכוּ׳ (he) (v'khú.), וְכַד׳ (he) (v'chad.)
• Hungarian: stb. (hu)
• Icelandic: o.s.frv. (is)
• Ido: e.c. (io), edc. (io)
• Indonesian: dll., dsb.
• Ingrian: j.n.e.
• Irish: srl., ⁊rl.

  Old Irish: ⁊rl.

• Italian: ecc. (it)
• Javanese: lsp.
• Kazakh: т.б. (t.b.)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: hwd. (ku)

• Latin: etc. (la)
• Latvian: utt.
• Lingala: b.n.b.
• Lithuanian: ir kt., ir pan., ir t.t.
• Macedonian: итн. (mk) (itn.)
• Malay: dll. (ms), dsb. (ms)
• Manx: a.r.e.
• Mari:

  Eastern Mari: т. м. (t. m.)

• Mongolian: гэх мэт (gex met)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: osv. (no), etc. (no)

  Nynorsk: osb., osv., etc.

• Ossetian: ӕмӕ аф. д. (æmæ af. d.)
• Pannonian Rusyn: итд. (itd.)
• Polish: itp. (pl), itd. (pl), etc. (pl)
• Portuguese: etc. (pt)
• Romanian: ș.a.m.d., etc., etc
• Russian: и т. д. (ru) (i t. d.), и т. п. (ru) (i t. p.)
• Scottish Gaelic: msaa, ⁊c.
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: итд.

  Latin: itd. (sh)

• Slovak: atď. (sk)
• Slovene: itd.
• Sotho: jj.
• Spanish: etc. (es)
• Swahili: n.k.
• Swedish: o.s.v. (sv), etc. (sv), o.dyl. (sv), o.likn.
• Tagalog: atbp. (tl)
• Tajik: ва ғ. (va ġ.)
• Turkish: vb
• Ukrainian: і т. д. (i t. d.), і т. п. (i t. p.)
• Vietnamese: v.v. (vi)
• Welsh: ayyb, a.y.y.b. (cy)
• Yiddish: אא״וו (u.a.v.)
• Yoruba: abbl.

See also

• and a partridge in a pear tree
• and counting

Anagrams

• ect., 'Tec, tce, ECT, CTE, CET, TEC, 'tec, TCE

Danish

Etymology

Abbreviation of et cetera.

Adverb

etc.

1. etc.

Synonyms

• osv.

Fala

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Spanish etc., itself an abbreviation of Latin et cētera.

Adverb

etc.

1. etc. (and the rest; and so forth)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: Nossa Fala:

     Por siglus, a xienti de capital (rica) i as mismas Instituciós (Iglexiia, Escuelas, Xiusticia, funcionarius, etc.) tiñan a fala cumu algo de ignorantis, atrasaus, vulgariai.

     For centuries, the people from the capital (rich) and the same institutions (Church, Schools, Justice, public servants, etc.) held Fala as something of ignorant people, backward people, vulgarity.

French

Alternative forms

• &c.
• & cetera
• et cetera
• et cætera, et caetera
• et cétéra

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛt.se.te.ʁa/, (proscribed) /ɛk.se.te.ʁa/
• (Quebec) IPA^(key): /ɛt.se.te.ʁa/, (informal) /ɛt.ʃe.te.ʁa/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Audio (Switzerland (Valais)):

  (file)

Adverb

etc.

1. et cetera (and so on)

Anagrams

• cet

German

Alternative forms

• &c., ⁊c.
• ꝛc.
• etce.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Adverb

etc.

1. etc.

   Synonym: usw.

Hungarian

Etymology

An abbreviation of Hungarian etcetera, from Latin et cetera (“and the rest [of the things]; and the other things”).

Pronoun

etc.

1. etc.

Synonyms

• stb.

Latin

Alternative forms

• &c (dated, rare outside titles)
• &c.

Adverb

etc.

1. et cētera (and so forth)

Middle English

Phrase

etc.

1. alternative form of et cetera

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛt ˈt͡sɛ.tɛ.ra/, /ˈɛt t͡sɛˈtɛ.ra/
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Phrase

etc.

1. abbreviation of et cetera; etc.

Related terms

• itd.
• itp.

Further reading

• etc. in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• etc. in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• etc, ec.
• &c., &c, &ca., &ca (dated)

Phrase

etc.

1. abbreviation of et cetera

Further reading

• “etc.”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “etc.”, in Dicionário infopédia da Lingua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “etc.”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
• “etc.”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Alternative forms

• &c. (obsolete)

Adverb

etc.

1. abbreviation of etcétera

Swedish

Alternative forms

• (obsolete) &c.

Adverb

etc.

1. abbreviation of et cetera or etcetera