et al.

See also: étal, e tal, et. al, and et al

English

Alternative forms

• & al. (dated)
• et al

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛtˈɔːl/, /ɛtˈɑːl/, /eɪˈtɑːl/, /ɛtˈæl/
• Rhymes: -ɔːl, -ɑːl, -æl

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Latin, abbreviation of et aliī (“and others”) (English: et alii) and its forms and derivatives.

Phrase

et al.

1. And others; to complete a list, especially of persons, as authors of a published work.
   • 1993, Derek A. Scott, “A DIRECTORY OF WETLANDS IN OCEANIA”, in Wetlands International‎^[1], archived from the original on 30 August 2018, page 16:

     The total area of mangrove on Tutuila and Aunu'u was estimated at 91 ha by Amerson et al. (1982) and at 52 ha by Cole et al. (1988).

Usage notes

Formally preferred by some over etc. for lists of people in all contexts, reserving etc. for lists of things (inanimate objects); the distinction is sometimes ignored in casual use, and the two abbreviations are used synonymously in many contexts for completing lists except in very careful or formal use. However, in lists of authors of a published work, et al. is still regularly used.

Derived terms

• Dysart et al

Related terms

• et alia (“and others”) (used of things; neuter plural)
• et aliae (“and others”) (used of females; feminine plural)
• et alibi (“and elsewhere”)
• et alii (“and others”) (used of males, or groups of mixed gender; masculine plural)
• et alios (“and others”) (used of people, unless exclusively of female gender)
• etc. / &c. (“et cetera, and the rest”)
• et ux. (“et uxor, and wife”)

Translations

and others

• Arabic: وَآخِرُون (wa-ʔāḵirūn)
• Armenian: եւ այլք (ew aylkʻ)
• Bulgarian: и др. (i dr.), и дру́ги (i drúgi)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 等人 (zh) (děng rén), 等等 (zh) (děngděng), 以及其他 (yǐjí qítā), 以及其他人 (yǐjí qítā rén) (of people)

• Czech: a kol., a další
• Danish: og andre, et al.
• Dutch: en anderen
• Estonian: jt (et) (ja teised)
• Finnish: ynnä muut
• French: et al. (fr), et coll. (fr), & cie
• German: u. a. (de) (und andere pl, und anderes n (of uncountable objects))
• Greek: κ.ά. (el) (k.á.)
• Hebrew: ואחרים m pl (ve`acherim)
• Hungarian: és tsai. (hu), et al. (hu)
• Ido: ed altri
• Indonesian: dkk. (dan kawan-kawan)
• Italian: ed altri m
• Japanese: ら (ja) (ra), など (ja) (nado)
• Latin: et al.
• Latvian: un citi, u. c.
• Macedonian: и др. (mk) pl (i dr.)
• Malay: dan lain-lain
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: et al.

• Persian: و دیگران (va digarân)
• Polish: i in. (pl), et al
• Portuguese: et al. (pt), e outros
• Russian: и др. pl (i dr.), и други́е pl (i drugíje), и друго́е n (i drugóje) (of uncountable objects), и пр. (i pr.), и про́чие pl (i próčije), и про́чее n (i próčeje) (of uncountable objects)
• Slovak: a ďalší
• Spanish: y otros m pl or n pl, y otras f pl
• Swedish: med flera pl, et al. (sv), m.fl. (sv)
• Tagalog: at iba pa
• Thai: และคณะ, และพวก
• Turkish: ve diğerleri
• Ukrainian: та ін. (uk) pl (ta in.), та і́нші pl (ta ínši)
• Vietnamese: và cộng sự
• Welsh: ac eraill
• Yoruba: àtàwọn-yòókù

See also

• inter alia, i.a., inter al.
• inter alios

Etymology 2

From Latin, abbreviation of and other places (English: et alibi).

Phrase

et al.

1. And elsewhere; to complete a list of places.

Related terms

• et alibi

Anagrams

• teal, tael, atel-, LATE, late, TEAl, Elta, TEAL, Teal, tela, leat, EATL, ETLA, tale

Danish

Phrase

et al.

1. et al.; used to complete a list of authors

See also

• oa.

Latin

Adverb

et al. (not comparable)

1. abbreviation of et aliī (“and others”, masculine plural)
2. abbreviation of et aliae (“and others”, feminine plural)
3. abbreviation of et alia (“and others”, neuter plural)
4. abbreviation of et alibī (“and other occurrences”)

Usage notes

• Mixed-gender groups would use et aliī.

Portuguese

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin et al..

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛt ˈaw/ [ˈɛt ˈaʊ̯], /ˈet ˈaw/ [ˈet ˈaʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɛt ˈal/ [ˈɛt ˈaɫ], /ˈet ˈal/ [ˈet ˈaɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɛt ˈal/ [ˈɛt ˈaɫ], /ˈet ˈal/ [ˈet ˈaɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɛt ˈa.li/, /ˈet ˈa.li/

Phrase

et al.

1. et al. (and others)