ac

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ac"

English

Etymology 1

Abbreviation.

Pronunciation

Pronunciation depends on if this is an initialism, in which case it is pronounced as the letters A and C, or if it is an abbreviation, in which case it is pronounced as the full word it abbreviates.

The pronunciation of the medical abbreviation depends on the preference of the user or reader, and whether it is translated from Latin or not.

Noun

ac (plural acs)

1. account; money of account
2. alicyclic
3. Abbreviation of acre.
4. Alternative letter-case form of AC (“air conditioning”)
5. (electricity) Alternative letter-case form of AC (“alternating current”)

Adjective

ac (not comparable)

1. (medicine) ante cibum, before meals

Etymology 2

ac

1. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of accompany and related forms of that word (accompanying, accompanied, accompaniment, accompanist, etc.)
2. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of accomplish and related forms of that word (accomplishing, accomplished, accomplishment, etc.)

See also

• ac etiam

Anagrams

• ca, CA, C.A., ca., &ca., &ca

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• acu

Etymology

From Latin acus. Compare Romanian ac.

Noun

ac n (plural atsi/atse)

1. needle

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		аҹ
Abjad		آج

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ạ̄č (“hunger”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰀𐰲 (ač /⁠*āç⁠/, “hungry”), Turkish aç, see there for more cognates.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɑd͡ʒ], [ɑd͡z]
• (Tabriz) IPA^(key): [ɑʒ], [ad͡z]

• Audio (Baku):

  (file)

Adjective

ac (comparative daha ac, superlative ən ac)

1. hungry

   Antonym: tox

   Acından ölürəm. ― I am starving; I am dying of hunger. (literally, “of its hunger”)

   Acın andı and olmaz. ― An oath given by a hungry person is no oath. (proverb)

   Ac elə bilər hamı acdır, tox elə bilər hamı toxdur. ― The hungry think that all are hungry, the sated think that all are sated. (proverb)

Derived terms

• acgöz
• acıqmaq
• aclıq
• acmaq

 

Chinese

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ei¹ si¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ei¹ si¹
    • Yale: ēi sī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ei¹ si¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: éi¹ xi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ei̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

Noun

ac

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) Alternative form of AC

Related terms

• account

Classical Nahuatl

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːk/

Pronoun

āc (plural āc ihqueh or āquihqueh)

1. who?

Related terms

• ācah
• āquin
• ayāc

References

• Karttunen, Frances (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 1
• Lockhart, James (2001) Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford: Stanford University Press, page 210

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ak/

Preposition

ac

1. (Quebec, informal) Pronunciation spelling of avec.

Ladin

Noun

ac

1. plural of at

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ak/, [äk]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ak/, [äk]
• Note: the consonant is geminate /kː/ if a vowel follows.

Conjunction

ac

1. Alternative form of atque

Usage notes

• Usually found before words beginning with consonants.

Descendants

• Sardinian: a

References

• “ac”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ac”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • more than once; repeatedly: semel atque iterum; iterum ac saepius; identidem; etiam atque etiam
    
  • the position of the lower classes: condicio ac fortuna hominum infimi generis
    
  • the result has surprised me; I was not prepared for this development: res aliter cecidit ac putaveram
    
  • to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re
    
  • written records; documents: litterae ac monumenta or simply monumenta
    
  • a lifelike picture of everyday life: morum ac vitae imitatio
    
  • to be an inexperienced speaker: rudem, tironem ac rudem (opp. exercitatum) esse in dicendo
    
  • to arrange and divide the subject-matter: res componere ac digerere
    
  • to hold by the letter (of the law): verba ac litteras or scriptum (legis) sequi (opp. sententia the spirit)
    
  • somebody's darling: mel ac deliciae alicuius (Fam. 8. 8. 1)
    
  • to think one thing, say another; to conceal one's opinions: aliter sentire ac loqui (aliud sentire, aliud loqui)
    
  • without any disguise, frankly: sine fuco ac fallaciis (Att. 1. 1. 1)
    
  • with moderation and judgment: modice ac sapienter
    
  • a sound and sensible system of conduct: vitae ratio bene ac sapienter instituta
    
  • to promise an oath to..: iureiurando ac fide se obstringere, ut
    
  • to dwell in a certain place: domicilium (sedem ac domicilium) habere in aliquo loco
    
  • to take up one's abode in a place, settle down somewhere: sedem ac domicilium (fortunas suas) constituere alicubi
    
  • to live a luxurious and effeminate life: delicate ac molliter vivere
    
  • to invite some one to one's house: invitare aliquem tecto ac domo or domum suam (Liv. 3. 14. 5)
    
  • to shun publicity: publico carere, forum ac lucem fugere
    
  • to cause universal disorder: omnia turbare ac miscere
    
  • a man who has held many offices: honoribus ac reipublicae muneribus perfunctus (De Or. 1. 45)
    
  • to trample all law under foot: ius ac fas omne delere
    
  • the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought: victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30)
    
  • to keep the coast and harbours in a state of blockade: litora ac portus custodia clausos tenere
    
  • so much for this subject...; enough has been said on..: ac (sed) de ... satis dixi, dictum est
    

Middle English

Alternative forms

• ak, ah, ach, oc, occ, ok, auh, auch, auȝ

Etymology

From Old English ac, from Proto-West Germanic *ak, from Proto-Germanic *ak.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ak/

Conjunction

ac

1. but
   • c. 1250, Lofsong Louerde:

     Ich liuie, nout ich, auh crist liueð in me

     I don't live, but Christ lives in me.

   • c. 1325, Harrowing of Hell, lines 241–245:

     louerd, for þi muchele grace / graunt vs in heouene one place; / Let vs neuer be forloren / for no sinne, crist ycoren / ah bring vs out of helle pyne […]

     Lord, for your great grace / give us a place in heaven; / Don't let us ever be lost / to any sin, chosen Christ / but bring us out of Hell's torment. […]

   • c. 1340, Dan Michel, “Þe oþer Godes Heste”, in Ayenbite of Inwyt:

     Ac þe ilke / þet zuereþ hidousliche be god / oþer by his halȝen / and him to-breȝþ / and zayþ him sclondres / þet ne byeþ naȝt to zigge: þe ilke zeneȝeþ dyadliche […]

     But one who / hideously swears by God / or by his emissaries / and who tears him apart / while saying to him lies / that shouldn't be said: they sin grievously. […]

   • c. 1380, Sir Firumbras, lines 4413–4414:

     "Lordes", quaþ Richard, "Buþ noȝt agast, Ac holdeþ forþ ȝour way / an hast & boldeliche doþ ȝour dede […] "

     "Lords", said Richard, "Don't be frightened, but hold your way forwards / and quickly and boldy do your deed […] "

References

• “ac, conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-01-12.

Middle Welsh

Alternative forms

• a

Conjunction

ac

1. and

Preposition

ac

1. with

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *aiks.

Alternative forms

• ǣċ, aac

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑːk/

Noun

āc f

1. oak (wood or tree)
2. (poetic) an oaken ship
3. (masculine) (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚪ (a)

Declension

Feminine senses relating to oak:

Declension of āc (strong consonant stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	āc	ǣċ
accusative	āc	ǣċ
genitive	ǣċ, āce	āca
dative	ǣċ	ācum

Declension of āc (strong ō-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	āc	āca, āce
accusative	āce	āca, āce
genitive	āce	āca
dative	āce	ācum

Name of the rune:

Declension of āc (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	āc	ācas
accusative	āc	ācas
genitive	āces	āca
dative	āce	ācum

Descendants

• Middle English: ook, ok, ak, ake
  • English: oak
  • Scots: aik, ake, yik

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *ak.

Alternative forms

• ah — Northumbrian
• ach, oc

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑk/

Conjunction

ac

1. but

   Sēo æx forġiett, ac þæt trēow ġeman.

   The axe forgets, but the tree remembers.

2. but instead: in this sense ac should sometimes be translated as "but," but most often it is best left untranslated

   Ne ġēotaþ wē tēaras, ac blōd.

   We don't shed tears, we shed blood.

   • c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English

     Nōn egō, sed tū: “Nā iċ, ac þū.” Nōn bōs est, sed equus: “Nis hit nā oxa, ac is hors.”

     Non ego, sed tu: “Not me, you.” Non bos est, sed equus: “It's not an ox, it's a horse.”

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Memory of the Saints"

     and gif we forleosað þas lænan woruld-þingc, þonne sceole we witan þæt ure wunung nis na her ac is on heofonum gif we hopiað to gode.

     and if we lose the transitory things of this world, then should we know that our dwelling is not here, but is in heaven, if we hope in God.

Descendants

• Middle English: ac, ak, ah

Old Irish

Preposition

ac

1. Alternative form of oc

Old Saxon

Conjunction

ac

1. Alternative form of ak

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin acus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ak/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ac n (plural ace)

1. needle

Declension

Declension of ac

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) ac	acul	(niște) ace	acele
genitive/dative	(unui) ac	acului	(unor) ace	acelor
vocative	acule		acelor

Related terms

• acar
• aculeu
• ață

Further reading

• ac in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Welsh

Etymology

From Old Welsh (h)ac, from Proto-Brythonic *atkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ét-kʷe (compare Breton hag and Cornish hag); identical to Latin atque. Doublet of Welsh ag.

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ak/
  • (colloquial) IPA^(key): /aɡ/
• Rhymes: -ak

Conjunction

ac

1. Prevocalic form of a (“and”)