und

See also: und- and Und

Translingual

Symbol

und

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for an undetermined language.

English

Alternative forms

• vnd (alternative typography) [16^th C.]

Etymology

From Middle English unde (“a wave”), from either the Old French unde or Latin unda (“wave”). Doublet of water, ultimately from the same Indo-European root.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʌnd/
• Rhymes: -ʌnd

Noun

und (plural unds)

1. (obsolete, rare) A wave.
2. (heraldry) A billow- or wave-like marking.

Related terms

• oundy
• undade
• undated
• undée
• undulate
• undulating
• undy

 

References

• OED (2nd ed., 1989), “†und”

Anagrams

• DNU, Dun, dun

Bavarian

Etymology

From Middle High German unde, from Old High German unti, from Proto-West Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *andi. Cognates include German und and Luxembourgish an.

Pronunciation

• (Vienna) IPA^(key): /ˈunt/
• Hyphenation: und

Conjunction

und

1. (Vienna) and
   • 1938, Josef Weinheber, Wien wörtlich, Sieg der Provinz:

     I waaß net, es gibt so vü' Dichter in Wien,
     und ålle geehrt und berühmt.

     I didn't know there were so many poets in Vienna,
     and all honorable and famous.

   Du und i. ― You and I.

References

• Maria Hornung; Sigmar Grüner (2002), “und”, in Wörterbuch der Wiener Mundart, 2nd edition, ÖBV & HPT

Estonian

Noun

und

1. partitive singular of uni

German

Alternative forms

• unnd, unnt, unt, vnd, vnnd, vnnt, vnt (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle High German unde, from Old High German unti, from Proto-Germanic *andi *anþi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti. Compare Dutch en, English and, Danish end.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʊnt/, [(ʔ)ʊnt] (standard)
  • IPA^(key): /ən/, [n̩] (in numbers from 21 to 99, alternative de-facto standard)
  • IPA^(key): /ʊn/, [(ʔ)ʊn] (in other contexts, colloquial)

• audio

  (file)

• audio

  (file)

Conjunction

und

1. (co-ordinating) and

   Kaffee und Kuchen ― coffee and cake

   Ich kam, sah und siegte. ― I came, saw, and conquered.

   • 1904, Rudolf Eisler, Wörterbuch der philosophischen Begriffe, Berlin, volume 1, sub verbo Ich, page 446-457:

     "Das »Ich = Ich« ist die ursprünglichste Erkenntnis, die Urquelle alles Denkens [..], es bedeutet »erstens die rein logische Identität von Subject und Object im Acte des reinen Selbstbewußtseins, zweitens die reale metaphysische Identität des setzenden absoluten Ich und des gesetzten begrenzten Ich, und drittens die zeitliche Identität des Ich in zwei rasch aufeinander folgenden Zeitpunkten« [...]."

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

2. (colloquial) links two nouns, often a person and an activity, in rhetoric questions to express an opposition between them

   Er und Abwaschen? Vielleicht einmal im Jahr!

   Him doing the dishes? Maybe once per year!

Usage notes

• As seen in the second example, commas are never used before und in enumerations, even where some English style guides prescribe this.
• Commas are used before und (and oder) in complex sentences when a subclause intervenes. Compare:

Er erklärte, dass er den Vorschlag gutheiße, und bat um Zustimmung. (und continues the main clause)

He declared that he approved of the proposal, and asked for endorsement.

Er erklärte, dass er den Vorschlag gutheiße und um Zustimmung bitte. (und continues the subclause)

He declared that he approved of the proposal and (that he) asked for endorsement.

• Commas are optional when und connects two complete sentences (i.e. when a full stop could be used instead of the conjunction):

Der Fischer fischt[,] und der Jäger jagt. ― The fisherman fishes and the hunter hunts.

Interjection

und

1. so?, now?, and?

   Und? Wie ist es gelaufen?

   So? How did it go?

Further reading

• “und” in Duden online
• “und” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• Friedrich Kluge (1883), “und”, in , John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

Gothic

Romanization

und

1. Romanization of 𐌿𐌽𐌳

Hungarian

Alternative forms

• unjad

Etymology

un +‎ -d

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈund]
• Hyphenation: und
• Rhymes: -und
• Homophone: Und

Verb

und

1. second-person singular subjunctive present definite of un

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʏnt/

  Rhymes: -ʏnt

Etymology 1

From Old Norse und, from Proto-Germanic *wundō.

Noun

und f (genitive singular undar, nominative plural undir)

1. (poetic) wound

Declension

declension of und

f-s2	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	und	undin	undir	undirnar
accusative	und	undina	undir	undirnar
dative	und	undinni	undum	undunum
genitive	undar	undarinnar	unda	undanna

Synonyms

• (wound): sár

Etymology 2

Apocopated form of undir.

Preposition

und

1. (poetic) under

Old Norse

Etymology 1

Shortened form of undir

Preposition

und

1. under

Derived terms

• unz

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *wundō (“wound”).

Noun

und f (genitive undar, plural undir)

1. (poetic) wound

Declension

  Declension of und (strong i-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	und	undin	undir	undirnar
accusative	und	undina	undir	undirnar
dative	und	undinni	undum	undunum
genitive	undar	undarinnar	unda	undanna

  Declension of und (strong ō-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	und	undin	undar	undarnar
accusative	und	undina	undar	undarnar
dative	und	undinni	undum	undunum
genitive	undar	undarinnar	unda	undanna

Related terms

• unda (“to wound”) (undaðr (“wounded”))

Descendants

• Icelandic: und
• Old Swedish: und
• Danish: vunde (influenced by Low German)

References

• “und”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /und/

Preposition

und (with accusative)

1. until

Conjunction

und

1. until