unda

See also: undã, undă, and -unda

Adnyamathanha

Etymology

Compare Ngadjuri gunda (“small wallaby”)

Noun

unda

1. (black) wallaby

Interlingua

Noun

unda (plural undas)

1. wave

Latin

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from a collective of Proto-Indo-European *udn-om n (“body of water”) (compare Latvian ūdens (“water”)) reanalysed as a feminine singular and with metathesis of *-dn- to *-nd-, from *wódr̥, *udn- (“water”), attested in Italic as Umbrian 𐌖𐌕𐌖𐌓 (utur, “water”).

The resemblance to Proto-Germanic *unþī (“wave”) appears to be coincidental, with at most minor semantic confluence.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈʊn.da]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈun.da]

Noun

unda f (genitive undae); first declension

1. wave
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 24.34:

     […] suspensa prora nauem in puppim statuebat; dein remissa subito uelut ex muro cadentem nauem cum ingenti trepidatione nautarum ita undae adfligebant ut etiamsi recta recciderat, aliquantum aquae acciperet.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (figuratively) a throng, multitude

   Synonyms: acervus, multitūdō, mōlēs

   • 54 BCE, Cicero, Pro Plancio 6:

     Sin hoc persaepe accidit ut et factos aliquos et non factos esse miremur, si campus atque illae undae comitiorum, ut mare profundum et immensum, sic effervescunt quodam quasi aestu ut ad alios accedant, ab aliis autem recedant, tamen nos in impetu studiorum et motu temeritatis modum aliquem et consilium et rationem requiremus?

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (poetic) water(s)
   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgics 3.327–330:

     Inde, ubi quarta sitim caeli collegerit hora,
     Et cantu quaerulae rumpent arbusta cicadae,
     Ad puteos aut alta greges ad stagna jubebo
     currentem ilignis potare canalibus undam;
     […]

     • Translation by James B. Greenough, 1900

       When heaven's fourth hour draws on the thickening drought,
       And shrill cicalas pierce the brake with song,
       Then at the well-springs bid them, or deep pools,
       From troughs of holm-oak quaff the running wave:
       […]

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	unda	undae
genitive	undae	undārum
dative	undae	undīs
accusative	undam	undās
ablative	undā	undīs
vocative	unda	undae

Derived terms

• ad undās
• exundō
• inundō
• undābundus
• undātim
• undō
• undōsus
• undulātus

Descendants

• Aragonese: onda
• Aromanian: undã
• Asturian: onda
• Catalan: ona, onda
• Corsican: onda
• Dalmatian: jonda
• Emilian: ånnda
• → English: und, unda maris, undulation, inundation
• → Esperanto: ondo
• Extremaduran: endu
• Franco-Provençal: onda
• Friulian: onde
• Gallurese: onda
• Italian: onda
• Leonese: onda
• Ligurian: ónda
• → Middle English: unde
• Mirandese: óndia
• Old Navarro-Aragonese: onda
• Occitan: onda
• Old French: unde, onde
  • French: onde
• Old Galician-Portuguese: onda
  • Fala: onda
  • Galician: onda
  • Portuguese: onda
• Old Spanish: onda
  • Spanish: onda
• Piedmontese: unda
• Romanian: undă
• Romansh: unda
• Sardinian: unda, undha
• Sassarese: unda
• Sicilian: unna
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *undizāre (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• “unda”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “unda”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “unda”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be engulfed: fluctibus (undis) obrui,submergi
    

Northern Kurdish

Adjective

unda

1. alternative form of winda

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese onde and Spanish donde and Kabuverdianu undi.

Adverb

unda

1. where

Romanian

Etymology 1

Noun

unda f

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of undă

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin undāre. Compare Aromanian undedz, undari.

Verb

a unda (third-person singular present undează, past participle undat) 1st conjugation

1. (rare) to undulate, wave, make move like a wave
2. (popular) to bubble up, boil, seethe, surge

Conjugation

    conjugation of unda (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a unda
gerund			undând
past participle			undat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	undez	undezi	undează	undăm	undați	undează
	imperfect	undam	undai	unda	undam	undați	undau
	simple perfect	undai	undași	undă	undarăm	undarăți	undară
	pluperfect	undasem	undaseși	undase	undaserăm	undaserăți	undaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să undez	să undezi	să undeze	să undăm	să undați	să undeze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		undează			undați
	negative		nu unda			nu undați

Synonyms

• undi
• (undulate): undui, ondula
• (boil): fierbe, (rare) clocoti

Related terms

• undare
• undă
• undeza
• undire
• undit
• undui
• unduire
• unduit
• unduitor

Romansh

Alternative forms

• onda (Surmiran)
• uonda (Puter, Vallader)

Etymology

From Latin unda.

Noun

unda f (plural undas)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) wave

Swahili

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-unda (infinitive kuunda)

1. to manufacture, to construct

Conjugation

Conjugation of -unda
Positive present -naunda Subjunctive -unde Negative -undi Imperative singular unda
Infinitives
Positive kuunda Negative kutounda
Imperatives
Singular unda Plural undeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huunda Positive past positive subject concord + -liunda Negative past negative subject concord + -kuunda
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naunda) Singular Plural 1st person ninaunda/naunda tunaunda 2nd person unaunda mnaunda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaunda wanaunda other classes positive subject concord + -naunda
Negative present (negative subject concord + -undi) Singular Plural 1st person siundi hatuundi 2nd person huundi hamuundi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) haundi hawaundi other classes negative subject concord + -undi
Positive future positive subject concord + -taunda Negative future negative subject concord + -taunda
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -unde) Singular Plural 1st person niunde tuunde 2nd person uunde muunde 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aunde waunde other classes positive subject concord + -unde
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siunde Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeunda Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeunda Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliunda Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliunda
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aunda) Singular Plural 1st person naunda twaunda 2nd person waunda mwaunda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aunda waunda m-mi(III/IV) waunda yaunda ji-ma(V/VI) launda yaunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaunda vyaunda n(IX/X) yaunda zaunda u(XI) waunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwaunda pa(XVI) paunda mu(XVIII) mwaunda
Perfect positive subject concord + -meunda "Already" positive subject concord + -meshaunda "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaunda "If/When" positive subject concord + -kiunda "If not" positive subject concord + -sipounda Consecutive kaunda / positive subject concord + -kaunda Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaunde
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -niunda -tuunda 2nd person -kuunda -waunda/-kuundeni/-waundeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -muunda -waunda m-mi(III/IV) -uunda -iunda ji-ma(V/VI) -liunda -yaunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiunda -viunda n(IX/X) -iunda -ziunda u(XI) -uunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuunda pa(XVI) -paunda mu(XVIII) -muunda Reflexive -jiunda
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -unda- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -undaye -undao m-mi(III/IV) -undao -undayo ji-ma(V/VI) -undalo -undayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -undacho -undavyo n(IX/X) -undayo -undazo u(XI) -undao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -undako pa(XVI) -undapo mu(XVIII) -undamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -unda) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeunda -ounda m-mi(III/IV) -ounda -younda ji-ma(V/VI) -lounda -younda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chounda -vyounda n(IX/X) -younda -zounda u(XI) -ounda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kounda pa(XVI) -pounda mu(XVIII) -mounda
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -undia
  • Causative: -undisha
  • Passive: -undwa
  • Stative: -undika
  • Other formations: -unda urafiki (“to make friends”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • muundaji
  • muundo (“structure, shape, form”)
  • uundaji (“manufacturing, formation, making”)

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• onda, onra — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling
• unra — obsolete

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔunˈdaʔ/ [ʔʊn̪ˈd̪aʔ]
• Rhymes: -aʔ
• Syllabification: un‧da

Noun

undâ (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈ᜔ᜇ)

1. towing; hauling of a boat, raft, or vehicle using a rope or chain
2. (obsolete) towrope; towline
3. (obsolete) tying a boat to a pole to avoid sinking
4. (obsolete) carrying wood on the shoulder

Derived terms

• ipag-unda
• maunda
• pag-unda
• umunda
• undaan
• undain

See also

• hila
• pasan
• tunda

Etymology 2

Early borrowing of Spanish honra, earlier spelled as honrra.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔunˈda/ [ʔʊn̪ˈd̪a]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: un‧da

Noun

undá (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈ᜔ᜇ) (obsolete)

1. honor or privilege on paper given to nobility
2. merit; honor

   Itong paghahanap mo ng unda, siya yatang ikapapakasama mo.

   This search of yours for honor, may be your condemnation.

Derived terms

• mag-unda
• pag-undahan

Related terms

• undas

Further reading

• “unda”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2025
• “unda”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018
• Panganiban, José Villa (1973), Diksyunaryo-Tesauro Pilipino-Ingles (overall work in Tagalog and English), Quezon City: Manlapaz Publishing Co., page 1011
• Serrano Laktaw, Pedro (1914), Diccionario tagálog-hispano (overall work in Tagalog and Spanish), Intramuros, Manila: Ateneo de Manila., page 1360
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de; Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860), Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves, y coordinado por…, ultimamente aumentado y corregido por varios religiosos de la Orden de Agustinos calzados.‎^[2] (overall work in Spanish and Classical Tagalog), Manila: Ramírez y Giraudier.
• San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613), Vocabulario de lengua tagala. El romance castellano puesto primero. Primera, y segunda parte.‎^[3] (overall work in Early Modern Spanish and Classical Tagalog), as directed by Gov. Gen. Juan de Silva, Pila, Laguna: La noble Villa de Pila, por Tomás Pinpin y Domingo Loag.
  • page 38: “Ajorro) Onda (pc) lleuar algo por mar o rio”
  • page 356: “Honrra) Onra (pc) C. o priuilejio en papel”
  • page 398: “Lleuar) Onda (pc) atado a barca palo biga o otra coſa colgada para q̃ no ſe hunda”
  • page 454: “Onor) Onra (pc) C. que vno procura mereçiendola ono”
  • page 498: “Priuilegio) Onra (pc) C. que [ſe da] por prinçipalia”
  • page 554: “Sirga) Onda (pc) de coſas que lleuan por agua”