onde

See also: ónde and ondé

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English onde, ande, from Old English onda, anda (“zeal, indignation, anger, malice, envy, hatred”), from Proto-West Germanic *anadō, from Proto-Germanic *anadô (“breath, spirit, zeal”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe, blow”).

Cognate with Scots aynd, eind, end (“breath”), German Ahnd, And (“pain, anguish”), Danish ånd, ånde (“breath, spirit”), Swedish anda, ande (“spirit, breath”), Icelandic andi (“spirit”), Latin anima (“breath, spirit”). More at animal.

Alternative forms

• aand, aind, and, ande, aynd

Noun

onde (usually uncountable, plural ondes)

1. (obsolete) envy; hatred; malice

   Wrathe, yre, and onde — The Romaunt of the Rose.

   Synonyms: envy, hatred

2. (UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) breath

   Synonym: breath

Derived terms

• in ande
• out of ande

Etymology 2

From Middle English onden (Northern dialect ande), from Old Norse anda (“to breathe”).

Alternative forms

• ande, aind, eand

Verb

onde (third-person singular simple present ondes, present participle onding, simple past and past participle onded)

1. (intransitive, dialectal or obsolete) To breathe; breathe on.

Derived terms

• onding

References

• “onde”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

• Deno, Deon, Done, Endo, NODE, done, endo, endo-, node, oden, oned

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin unde.

Adverb

onde

1. where

Synonyms

• (where): ú

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech onde, from Proto-Slavic *onъde. Its Czech cognates include pronouns onen, onam, onehdy, ondy, onak. Compare verb zaonačit and Serbo-Croatian онде (“over there”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈondɛ]
• Hyphenation: on‧de

Adverb

onde

1. (dated) elsewhere

   Synonym: jinde

Further reading

• “onde”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “onde”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Anagrams

• done, node

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɔnə]
• Homophone: unde

Etymology 1

From ond +‎ -e.

Noun

onde n (singular definite ondet, plural indefinite onder)

1. evil
2. nuisance

Inflection

Declension of onde

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	onde	ondet	onder	onderne
genitive	ondes	ondets	onders	ondernes

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

onde

1. inflection of ond:
   1. definite singular
   2. plural

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch onde, from Old Dutch *unthia, from Proto-West Germanic *unþi, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *unþī. Cognate to German Unde.

Noun

onde f (plural onden, diminutive ondje n)

1. (archaic, dialectal) wave

   Synonym: golf

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French unde, onde, from Latin unda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ̃d/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Switzerland (Valais)):

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• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Noun

onde f (plural ondes)

1. (technical) wave
2. (literary, dated) water, especially calm water

Derived terms

• longueur d'onde
• micro-onde
• ondé
• onde de choc
• onde électromagnétique
• onde gravitationnelle
• onde stationnaire

Related terms

• onduler

See also

• vague

Further reading

• “onde”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin unda.

Noun

onde f (plural ondis)

1. wave

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese onde, from Latin unde (“whence”). Cognate with Portuguese onde and Asturian onde.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈonde̝/

Adverb

onde

1. (interrogative) where (at what place)
2. (interrogative) where (to what place)

   Synonym: a onde

Conjunction

onde

1. where (at or in which place or situation)

Pronoun

onde

1. where (the place in which)

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “onde”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “onde”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “onde”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “onde”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “onde”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈon.de/
• Rhymes: -onde
• Hyphenation: ón‧de

Etymology 1

From Latin unde.

Adverb

onde

1. (archaic) whence; from where or which

Conjunction

onde

1. (archaic) whence; from where or which

   Synonym: donde

2. (literary) so that, in order to

   Synonyms: acciò, (obsolete) acciocché, affinché, talché

3. (archaic) with which; that... with

   Synonym: con cui

   • 1336–1374, Francesco Petrarca, “I — Voi ch’ascoltate in rime sparse il suono”, in Il Canzoniere, lines 1–2; republished as Daniele Ponchiroli, editor, Turin: publ. Giulio Einaudi, 1964:

     Voi ch’ascoltate in rime sparse il suono ¶ di quei sospiri ond’io nudriva ’l core […]

     Ye who in scattered rhymes hear the sound of those sighs that I fed my heart with […]

Related terms

• donde
• ondeché

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

onde f

1. plural of onda

Anagrams

• -endo, endo-

Middle English

Etymology 1

PIE root
*h₂enh₁-

Inherited from Old English anda, onda, from Proto-West Germanic *anadō, from Proto-Germanic *anadô (“spirit”).

Alternative forms

• oende, ond, oonde, ounde
• ande, onden (Early Middle English)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔ̝ːnd(ə)/, /ˈɔnd(ə)/
• IPA^(key): /ˈoːnd(ə)/ (from onda; especially Southern or West Midland)

Noun

onde (uncountable) (poetic, especially Kent, Southern or West Midland)

1. Enmity, hostility, malice.
2. Envy, jealousy (often as a cardinal sin)
3. (rare) Ire or anxiety; mental discomfort.

References

• “ō̆nd(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Norse andi, from Proto-Germanic *anadô (“spirit”); thus a doublet of Etymology 1.

Alternative forms

• hond, oonde
• aand, aande, aende, and, ande, hand (especially Northern)
• aynd (Early Scots)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔ̝ːnd(ə)/, /ˈɔnd(ə)/
• IPA^(key): /ˈaːnd(ə)/, /ˈand(ə)/ (especially Northern)

Noun

onde (uncountable)

1. Breath, breathing (especially as indicative of life)

Related terms

• onden
• ondynge

Descendants

• English: eand, yane (Northern England), eynd (Norfolk)
• Middle Scots: aind, aynd
  • Scots: aynd, eind, end (now Shetland)

References

• “ō̆nd(e, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• Dance, Richard; Pons-Sanz, Sara; Schorn, Brittany (2019), “ande n”, in The Gersum Project ⁠‎^[7], University of Cambridge, University of Cardiff, and the University of Sheffield.

Etymology 3

Verb

onde

1. alternative form of onden

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

onde

1. inflection of ond:
   1. definite singular
   2. plural

Etymology 2

Probably from the adjective ond

Noun

onde n (definite singular ondet, indefinite plural onder, definite plural onda or ondene)

1. (an) evil
2. (medical) a disease, malady, complaint, condition

Derived terms

• hjerteonde

See also

• vonde (Nynorsk)

References

• “onde” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “onde” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Anagrams

• doen, done, node, oden, endo-

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese onde, from Latin unde (“whence”). Compare Spanish donde.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈõ.d͡ʒi/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈõ.d͡ʒi/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈõ.de/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈõ.dɨ/

• (Northeast Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈõ.di/
• (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /õd͡ʒ/

• Audio:

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• Audio (Brazil (São Paulo)):

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• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

  (Brazil)

Adverb

onde (not comparable)

2. where; wherever (in or at what place; in or at a/any/the place that, in what situation)

   Synonym: (nonstandard) aonde

   Onde estão as chaves? ― Where are the keys?

   Fique onde está. ― Stay where you are.

   Por favor, se sente onde você preferir. ― Please sit wherever you like.

   • 1890, Aluizio Azevedo, O Cortiço, Rio de Janeiro: B. L. Garnier:

     No confuso rumor que se formava, destacavam-se risos, sons de vozes que altercavam, sem se saber de onde, grasnar de marrecos, cantar de galos, cacarejar de galinhas.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

4. (relative) where (the place in or at which)

   Synonyms: em que, no qual, na qual, (nonstandard) aonde

   Esta é a praia onde nos casamos. ― This is the beach where we got married.

   Vou ao restaurante onde ele gosta de comer. ― I’m going to the restaurant where he likes to eat.

   2. (relative, proscribed) where (in a situation, position, case, timeframe, etc.)

      Synonyms: (standard) em que, no qual, na qual, (nonstandard) aonde

      Quais são as modalidades onde seu filho é campeão? ― Which are the sports where your child is a champion?

      Dezembro é a época do ano onde as pessoas ficam mais solidárias, não é mesmo? ― December is the time of year where people are at their most supportive, isn't it?

   4. (relative, proscribed) whose

      Synonyms: (standard) cujo, cuja

      • 2002 May 6, Janice Helena Chaves Marinho, O funcionamento discursivo do item onde: uma abordagem modular (doctoral dissertation), Belo Horizonte: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Linguísticos (PosLin), Texto 7:

        Entretanto, a língua sofre várias mudanças durante cada geração, e em diferentes regiões do Brasil, causando, muitas vezes, certo desentendimento em diálogos, onde os participantes possuam uma grande diferença de idade ou pertençam a regiões diferentes do país. (written by an university student)

        However, the language undergoes several changes during each generation, and in different regions of Brazil, often causing some misunderstanding in dialogues whose participants have a large age difference or belong to different regions of the country.

      • 2008 September 3, Fernanda Cunha Pinheiro da Silva, O percurso de mudança do item onde na perspectiva da gramaticalização (master's thesis), Belo Horizonte: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Linguísticos (PosLin):

        Fiz uma classe onde os estudantes eram europeus ou asiáticos.

        I made a class whose students were European or Asian.

6. (proscribed, colloquial) (to) where; whereto, whither, (to) wherever; (to what place; to a/any/the place that; to which; the place to which)

   Synonym: (standard) aonde

   Onde cê tá indo? ― Where are you going?

   Sempre pesquisa as leis de onde você vai viajar. ― Always search for the laws of wherever you'll travel.

   Ela mora em São Paulo, onde a gente foi ano passado. ― She lives in São Paulo, where we went last year.

   Essa é uma foto de onde eu fui nas férias. ― This is a photo of where I went on holiday.

Usage notes

• Since the 19th century, as of a proposal from Brazilian lexicographer Antônio de Morais Silva in 1813, some authorities and usage critics have considered sense 2.1, sense 2.2, and sense 3 ungrammatical. According to them:
  • onde, aonde, and donde can only refer to a location:

    O Brasil é um país onde a desigualdade social é assustadora. (país is a location, so onde is grammatical)

    Brazil is a country where social inequality is frightening.

    Trata-se de uma reportagem sobre o Leste Europeu onde são retratados os novos associados da União Europeia. (reportagem isn't a location, so onde is ungrammatical and should be replaced by na qual)

    This is a report on Eastern Europe where the new members of the European Union are depicted.

  • aonde must be used if it modifies a verb denoting movement, and onde otherwise:

    Aonde cheguei? (meaning A que lugar cheguei?, so aonde is grammatical)

    Where have I arrived?

    Aonde você mora? (meaning Em que lugar você mora?, so aonde is ungrammatical and should be replaced by onde)

    Where do you live?

Those rules are chiefly followed in formal writing. However, Brazilian dictionary Houaiss opposes the latter prescription, stating that onde and aonde have been interchanged in Portuguese for centuries and that such use should not be qualified as an error, even in formal language.

• This adverb can follow any preposition but em.

Derived terms

• aonde
• de onde em onde
• donde
• onde quer que

Descendants

• Macanese: úndi

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• óndje (Ijekavian)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъde.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǒːnde/
• Hyphenation: o‧nde

Adverb

ónde (Cyrillic spelling о́нде)

1. over there

Shona

Noun

ondé class 5 (plural maondé class 6)

1. fig

   Synonym: guyu

Related terms

• muonde

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin unde.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈonde/ [ˈõn̪.d̪e]
• Rhymes: -onde
• Syllabification: on‧de

Adverb

onde

1. (archaic) where

Pronoun

onde

1. (archaic) where

Conjunction

onde

1. (archaic) whereby

Usage notes

• Still in use in some places of Spain. Donde and dónde are used in Modern Spanish.

Derived terms

• d'onde
• de onde
• donde
• dónde

Further reading

• “onde”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

Swedish

Adjective

onde

1. definite natural masculine singular of ond

Anagrams

• Oden