sembahyang

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• sembayang

Etymology

inherited from Malay sembahyang. By surface analysis, sembah +‎ hyang.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /səmˈbahjaŋ/ [səmˈbah.jaŋ]
• Rhymes: -ahjaŋ
• Syllabification: sem‧bah‧yang

Noun

sêmbahyang (uncountable)

1. prayer

   Synonyms: doa, (Islam) salat

2. worship

   Synonyms: (Islam) salat, ibadah

Verb

sêmbahyang

1. (intransitive) to pray, worship

   Synonym: bersembahyang

Derived terms

• bersembahyang
• menyembahyangi
• menyembahyangkan
• persembahyangan
• sembahyangan

• sembahyang Asar
• sembahyang Isya
• sembahyang jenazah
• sembahyang kubur
• sembahyang leluhur
• sembahyang malam
• sembahyang mayat
• sembahyang pagi
• sembahyang siang
• sembahyang sore
• sembahyang Subuh
• sembahyang Tarawih
• sembahyang wajib
• sembahyang Zuhur
• upacara sembahyang

Further reading

• “sembahyang”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Compound of sembah (“worship”) +‎ yang (“the (deity)”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /səmbahjaŋ/
  • Rhymes: -ahjaŋ, -aŋ
• (Common alternative pronunciation) IPA^(key): /səmajaŋ/
  • Rhymes: -ajaŋ, -aŋ

Noun

sembahyang (Jawi spelling سمبهيڠ, plural sembahyang-sembahyang or sembahyang²)

1. A major prayer:
   1. (Islam) The type of prayer performed by Muslims; salat.

      Synonym: solat

      Sembahyang merupakan salah satu tiang agama Islam.

      Salat is one of the pillars of Islam.

   2. (Hinduism) puja, ritual of worship

      Kalungan bunga barang sembahyang sering dijual di kedai yang tidak jauh dari kuil.

      Flower garlands as offerings are often sold in shops not far from temples.

   3. (of Chinese folk religion) veneration or worship ritual towards an ancestors or deity in shrines and temples (堂 táng)
2. Any request to God or a deity.

   Synonym: doa

   Aku harapkan sembahyang aku diterima Tuhan.

   I hope my prayer is accepted by God.

Affixations

• bersembahyang (“to pray”)
• sembahyangkan (“to perform a prayer for”)

Compounds

• air sembahyang (“wudu”)
• barang sembahyang (“offering in puja, animistic rituals etc”)
• lauk sembahyang (“food offering in Peranakan folk religion”)
• sembahyang berjemaah
• sembahyang fardu
• sembahyang hajat
• sembahyang Jumaat (“Friday prayer”)
• sembahyang lima waktu
• sembahyang mayat
• sembahyang raya
• sembahyang sunat
• sembahyang tahajud
• sembahyang tarawih
• tikar sembahyang (“prayer mat”)

Descendants

• Indonesian: sembahyang
• → Javanese: sembahyang
• → Madurese: sembhâjâng, bhâjâng
• North Moluccan Malay: sambayang
  • → Galela: subayang
  • Manado Malay: sombayang
  • → Sahu: sambayanga (Tala'i)
  • → Waioli: sambayanga
• → Portuguese: zumbaia
• →? Ternate: sabea
• →? Tidore: sabea

Verb

sembahyang (Jawi spelling سمبهيڠ, formal form bersembahyang)

1. informal form of bersembahyang (“to pray”)

Further reading

• "sembahyang" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qiang”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI