kayangan

Balinese

Romanization

kayangan

1. Romanization of ᬓᬬᬗᬦ᭄.

Indonesian

Etymology

• From Malay kayangan, from Javanese kayangan (ꦏꦪꦔꦤ꧀, “paradise, heaven”), from Old Javanese kahyaṅan (“abode of the gods, temple, sacred place, hermitage”). Equivalent to ke- +‎ hyang +‎ -an.
• Semantic loan from Balinese kayangan (ᬓᬬᬗᬦ᭄, “temple”), cf. above.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kaˈjaŋan]
• Hyphenation: ka‧yang‧an

Noun

kayangan (first-person possessive kayanganku, second-person possessive kayanganmu, third-person possessive kayangannya)

1. paradise, heaven.

   Synonyms: adnan, eden, firdaus, janah, nirwana, surga, indraloka, kedewaan, keindraan, suargaloka, suralaya, surgaloka, paradiso

2. (Balinese, Hinduism) temple.

   Synonyms: pura, kahyangan

Alternative forms

• kahyangan

Further reading

• “kayangan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Romanization

kayangan

1. Romanization of ꦏꦪꦔꦤ꧀.

Malay

Etymology

From Javanese kayangan (ꦏꦪꦔꦤ꧀, “paradise, heaven”), from Old Javanese kahyaṅan (“abode of the gods, temple, sacred place, hermitage”).

Noun

kayangan (Jawi spelling کايڠن‎, informal 1st possessive kayanganku, 2nd possessive kayanganmu, 3rd possessive kayangannya)

1. paradise, heaven (the abode of the gods)

   Synonyms: inderaloka, keinderaan, syurga

2. (figuratively, often derogatory) the elite, the high and mighty (a wealthy upper class disconnected from the living reality of the masses)
   • 2021 29 April, Mohd Sharkawi Londing, “Tak kira kayangan atau marhaen, patuhi SOP”, in Kosmo!‎^[1]:

     Jadi, ikutlah sistem SOP yang ditetapkan tidak kiralah siapa kita, rak­yat marhaen ke atau orang ‘ka­yangan’ ke, pokoknya patuhlah SOP yang ditetapkan.

     So please, follow the stipulated SOP (= standard operating procedure) no matter if you are commonfolk or the upper crust, by all means follow the stipulated SOP.

Further reading

• “kayangan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.