kayangan
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Balinese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]kayangan
- Romanization of ᬓᬬᬗᬦ᭄.
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- From Malay kayangan. Equivalent to yang + ke- -an.[1] Cognate to Toba Batak iang and Javanese ꦏꦪꦔꦤ꧀ (kayangan).[2]
- Semantic loan from Balinese kayangan (ᬓᬬᬗᬦ᭄, “temple”), cf. above.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kayangan (first-person possessive kayanganku, second-person possessive kayanganmu, third-person possessive kayangannya)
Alternative forms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ K. Alexander Adelaar (1992) chapter 2, in Proto Malayic: The Reconstruction of Its Phonology and Parts of Its Lexicon and Morphology[1], page 11: “Exceptions are loanwords, and kəyaŋan 'heaven, fairyland' which is actually morphologically complex (< +kə + +(h)iaŋ + +an).”
- ^ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qiaŋ”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Further reading
[edit]- “kayangan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]kayangan
- Romanization of ꦏꦪꦔꦤ꧀.
Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Affixation of yang + ke- -an.[1] Cognate to Toba Batak iang and Javanese ꦏꦪꦔꦤ꧀ (kayangan).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kayangan (Jawi spelling کايڠن, informal 1st possessive kayanganku, 2nd possessive kayanganmu, 3rd possessive kayangannya)
- paradise, heaven (the abode of the gods)
- Synonyms: inderaloka, keinderaan, syurga
- (figurative, often derogatory) the elite, the high and mighty (a wealthy upper class disconnected from the living reality of the masses)
- 2021 29 April, Mohd Sharkawi Londing, “Tak kira kayangan atau marhaen, patuhi SOP”, in Kosmo![3]:
- Jadi, ikutlah sistem SOP yang ditetapkan tidak kiralah siapa kita, rakyat marhaen ke atau orang ‘kayangan’ ke, pokoknya patuhlah SOP yang ditetapkan.
- So please, follow the stipulated SOP (= standard operating procedure) no matter if you are commonfolk or the upper crust, by all means follow the stipulated SOP.
References
[edit]- ^ K. Alexander Adelaar (1992) chapter 2, in Proto Malayic: The Reconstruction of Its Phonology and Parts of Its Lexicon and Morphology[2], page 11: “Exceptions are loanwords, and kəyaŋan 'heaven, fairyland' which is actually morphologically complex (< +kə + +(h)iaŋ + +an).”
- ^ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qiaŋ”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Further reading
[edit]- “kayangan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Categories:
- Balinese non-lemma forms
- Balinese romanizations
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms circumfixed with ke- -an
- Indonesian semantic loans from Balinese
- Indonesian terms derived from Balinese
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian uncountable nouns
- id:Hinduism
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Malay terms circumfixed with ke- -an
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Malay uncountable nouns
- Malay derogatory terms
- Malay terms with quotations
- Malay sarcastic terms