kayangan

Balinese

Romanization

kayangan

1. Romanization of ᬓᬬᬗᬦ᭄.

Indonesian

Etymology

• From Malay kayangan, from Javanese kayangan (ꦏꦪꦔꦤ꧀, “paradise, heaven”), from Old Javanese kahyaṅan (“abode of the gods, temple, sacred place, hermitage”). Equivalent to hyang +‎ ke- -an.
• Semantic loan from Balinese kayangan (ᬓᬬᬗᬦ᭄, “temple”), cf. above.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kaˈjaŋan]
• Hyphenation: ka‧yang‧an

Noun

kayangan (first-person possessive kayanganku, second-person possessive kayanganmu, third-person possessive kayangannya)

1. paradise, heaven.

   Synonyms: adnan, eden, firdaus, janah, nirwana, surga, indraloka, kedewaan, keindraan, suargaloka, suralaya, surgaloka, paradiso

2. (Balinese, Hinduism) temple.

   Synonyms: pura, kahyangan

Alternative forms

• kahyangan

Further reading

• “kayangan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Romanization

kayangan

1. Romanization of ꦏꦪꦔꦤ꧀.

Malay

FWOTD – 26 September 2023

Etymology

From Javanese kayangan (ꦏꦪꦔꦤ꧀, “paradise, heaven”), from Old Javanese kahyaṅan (“abode of the gods, temple, sacred place, hermitage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kaˈjaŋan/, [kaˈja.ŋan]

Noun

kayangan (Jawi spelling کايڠن, informal 1st possessive kayanganku, 2nd possessive kayanganmu, 3rd possessive kayangannya)

1. paradise, heaven (the abode of the gods)

   Synonyms: inderaloka, keinderaan, syurga

2. (figurative, often derogatory) the elite, the high and mighty (a wealthy upper class disconnected from the living reality of the masses)
   • 2021 29 April, Mohd Sharkawi Londing, “Tak kira kayangan atau marhaen, patuhi SOP”, in Kosmo!‎^[1]:

     Jadi, ikutlah sistem SOP yang ditetapkan tidak kiralah siapa kita, rak­yat marhaen ke atau orang ‘ka­yangan’ ke, pokoknya patuhlah SOP yang ditetapkan.

     So please, follow the stipulated SOP (= standard operating procedure) no matter if you are commonfolk or the upper crust, by all means follow the stipulated SOP.

Further reading

• “kayangan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.