削

削 U+524A, 削 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-524A ← 剉 [U+5249] CJK Unified Ideographs 剋 → [U+524B]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

削 (radical 18, 刀+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 火月中弓 (FBLN), four-corner 9220₀, composition ⿰肖刂)

Derived characters

• 𠸑 䌃 鞩 揱 萷 箾

References

• KangXi: page 140, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38895
• Dae Jaweon: page 317, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 341, character 2
• Unihan data for U+524A

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		削

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 削
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (肖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
梢	*sreːw
捎	*sreːw, *sew
筲	*sreːw
鞘	*sreːw, *slewɢs
艄	*sreːw
蛸	*sreːw, *sew
髾	*sreːw
輎	*sreːw
旓	*sreːw
弰	*sreːw
鮹	*sreːw, *sew
綃	*sreːw, *sew
颵	*sreːw
莦	*sreːw, *sew
娋	*sreːw, *sreːws
稍	*sreːws
哨	*sreːws, *sʰews, *sew
揱	*sreːwɢs, *slew, *sreːwɢ
潲	*sreːws
睄	*sreːws
悄	*sʰewʔ
俏	*sʰews
峭	*sʰews
陗	*sʰews
帩	*sʰews
誚	*zews
消	*sew
宵	*sew
霄	*sew
硝	*sew
銷	*sew
逍	*sew
魈	*sew
痟	*slew
焇	*sew
肖	*slew, *slews
韒	*slewɢs
趙	*l'ewʔ
箾	*seːw, *sleːw
踃	*seːw
削	*slewɢ
矟	*sreːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *slewɢ): phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews) + semantic 刂.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiāo, xuē, xuè (xiao¹, xue¹, xue⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ, ㄒㄩㄝ, ㄒㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): soek³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siok
• Min Dong (BUC): siók
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): siah

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siah⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): xiaq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ
    • Wade–Giles: hsiao1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiau
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: xuē
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝ
    • Wade–Giles: hsüeh1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiue
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syue
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɥɛ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: xuè
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˋ
    • Wade–Giles: hsüeh4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiueh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syuè
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɥɛ⁵¹/

Note:

• xiāo - vernacular (“to pare; to slice the ball”);
• xuē/xuè - literary.

Cantonese

• (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  • Jyutping: soek³
  • Yale: seuk
  • Cantonese Pinyin: soek⁸
  • Guangdong Romanization: sêg³
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœ̽ːk̚³/

Hakka

• (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siok
  • Hakka Romanization System: xiog`
  • Hagfa Pinyim: xiog⁵
  • Sinological IPA: /ɕi̯ok̚²/

Min Dong

• (Fuzhou)
  • Bàng-uâ-cê: siók
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suɔʔ²⁴/

Min Nan

• (Hokkien)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siah
  • Tâi-lô: siah
  • Phofsit Daibuun: siaq
  • IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiaʔ³²/
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiaʔ⁵/
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiaʔ³²/
  • IPA (Taipei): /ɕiaʔ³²/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiaʔ³²/
• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: siah⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siah
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaʔ²/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: xiaq (T4)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕia̱ʔ⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 削
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɑu⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕiau⁴⁴/ /ɕyɛ²¹³/ /ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕiɑu²¹/ /ɕye²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕyə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/syə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/syo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕyo²¹/
	Xining	/ɕyu⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕio⁵⁵/ ～球 /ɕio²¹³/ 剝～
	Chengdu	/ɕye³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕio³¹/
	Nanjing	/sioʔ⁵/ /syeʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ɕyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/siɑʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ɕa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiɔʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/siu⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/sio²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/sio²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/siok̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/siok̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sœk̚³/
	Nanning	/ɬœk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/sœk̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/siɔk̚³²/ /siaʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/siɛʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/siɔ²⁴/ /sia²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/siauʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/tia⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /sɨɐk̚/

Rime
Character	削
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息約切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/siɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/siɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɨak̚/
Li Rong	/siak̚/
Wang Li	/sĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xue
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soek3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ewk/, /*[s]ewk-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*slewɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	削	削
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiāo	xiào
Middle Chinese	‹ sjak ›	‹ sjewH ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ewk/	/*[s]ewk-s/
English	scrape, pare	scrape, pare
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	削
Reading #	1/1
No.	13761
Phonetic component	肖
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	削
Old Chinese	/*slewɢ/

Definitions

削

1. to pare with a knife; to peel with a knife; to scrape off the surface; to slice
2. to divide; to split; to separate
3. to weaken; to reduce; to cut down
4. to delete; to remove; to cut out
5. to rob; to expropriate; to plunder
6. (table tennis) to slice (the ball)
7. (ideophonic) steep (as if sliced); precipitous; sheer
8. (ideophonic) emaciated; scraggy; slender
9. (historical) writing knife
10. (historical) thin slips of wood used for writing; letters

Usage notes

Use 剝／剥 (bāo) for peeling something with one's hands, like a tangerine. Use 削 (xiāo) for peeling something with a knife or peeler, like a potato.

Compounds

Derived terms from 削

• 侵削
• 刀削冰
• 刀削麵／刀削面 (dāoxiāomiàn)
• 切削 (qiēxiāo)
• 刮削 (guāxuē)
• 刻削
• 削價／削价 (xuējià)
• 削地
• 削壁 (xuēbì)
• 削奪／削夺
• 削平
• 削弱 (xuēruò)
• 削成
• 削方為圓／削方为圆
• 削木為吏／削木为吏
• 削正
• 削減／削减 (xuējiǎn)
• 削牘／削牍
• 削球
• 削瘦
• 削職／削职

• 削肩 (xuējiān)
• 削色
• 削草
• 削蔥／削葱
• 削觚為圓／削觚为圆
• 削足就履
• 削足適履／削足适履 (xuēzúshìlǚ)
• 削趾適屨／削趾适屦
• 削跡／削迹
• 削鉛筆／削铅笔
• 削鐵如泥／削铁如泥
• 削除 (xuēchú)
• 削髮／削发 (xuēfà)
• 削髮披緇／削发披缁
• 削髮為僧／削发为僧
• 削麵／削面 (xiāomiàn)
• 剗削／刬削
• 剝削／剥削 (bōxuē)
• 剝削小民／剥削小民
• 剝削者／剥削者 (bōxuēzhě)
• 奏削

• 宋斤魯削／宋斤鲁削
• 戌削
• 批削
• 改削
• 斧削
• 斲削
• 日削月朘
• 日朘月削
• 春秋筆削／春秋笔削
• 朘削
• 洗削更革
• 減削／减削
• 瘦削 (shòuxuē)
• 磨削
• 筆削／笔削
• 編削／编削
• 蜂腰削背
• 蠲削
• 鉋削／刨削
• 銑削／铣削 (xǐxiāo)
• 銼削／锉削

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiào (qiao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: qiào
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˋ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiao4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiaw
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciào
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

削

1. Original form of 鞘 (qiào, “sword sheath”).

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shào (shao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄠˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: shào
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄠˋ
    • Wade–Giles: shao4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shaw
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shào
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

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• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[sˤ]rewk-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	削
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shào
Middle Chinese	‹ sræwH ›
Old Chinese	/*[sˁ]rewk-s/
English	zone near the capital
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

削

1. (historical) fief within three hundred li from the state capital

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Japanese

Kanji

削

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. plane, whittle

Readings

• Go-on: さく (saku, Jōyō); しょう (shō)
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)
• Kun: けずる (kezuru, 削る, Jōyō); そぐ (sogu, 削ぐ); はつる (hatsuru, 削る)

Compounds

Compounds

• 荒(あら)削(けず)り (arakezuri)
• 掘(くっ)削(さく) (kussaku)
• 削(けず)り節(ぶし) (kezuribushi)
• 削(さく)岩(がん)機(き) (sakuganki)
• 削(さく)減(げん) (sakugen)

• 削(さく)除(じょ) (sakujo)
• 削(さっ)孔(こう) (sakkō)
• 切(せっ)削(さく) (sessaku)
• 添(てん)削(さく) (tensaku)

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 削 (MC sɨɐk̚).

Hanja

Wikisource

削 (eumhun 깎을 삭 (kkakkeul sak))

1. Hanja form^? of 삭 (“cut”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 절삭 (切削, jeolsak)
• 연삭 (硏削, yeonsak)
• 삭감 (削減, sakgam)
• 삭발 (削髮, sakbal)
• 삭제 (削除, sakje)
• 첨삭 (添削, cheomsak)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

削: Hán Nôm readings: tước, tược, tướt, tượt

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.