剝

See also: 剥

剝	U+525D, 剝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-525D

← 剜
[U+525C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

剞 →
[U+525E]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

剝 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女水中弓 (VELN), four-corner 2210₀, composition ⿰彔刂)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 141, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2049
Dae Jaweon: page 321, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 346, character 4
Unihan data for U+525D

Chinese[edit]

trad.		剝/剥
simp.		剥
alternative forms		𠚩

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (彔) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
剝	*proːɡ
龣	kroːɡ, roːɡ
祿	*roːɡ
淥	roːɡ, roɡ
睩	*roːɡ
琭	*roːɡ
箓	*roːɡ
碌	roːɡ, roɡ
盝	*roːɡ
娽	roːɡ, roɡ
彔	*b·roːɡ
趢	roːɡ, roɡ
簶	*roːɡ
綠	*roɡ
逯	*roɡ
錄	*roɡ
醁	*roɡ
騄	*roɡ
菉	*roɡ
籙	*roɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *proːɡ): phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ) + semantic 刀.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bāo, bō (bao¹, bo¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠ, ㄅㄛ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mok¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pok
Min Dong (BUC): buóh / báuk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): pak / pok

(Teochew, Peng'im): bag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bao
  - Wade–Giles: pao¹
  - Yale: bāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bau
  - Palladius: бао (bao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bō
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bo
  - Wade–Giles: po¹
  - Yale: bwō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo
  - Palladius: бо (bo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pwɔ⁵⁵/

Note: bō - limited to compounds or idiomatic phrases in Mainland.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mok¹
  - Yale: mōk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mok⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: mog¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pok
  - Hakka Romanization System: bog`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pok̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: buóh / báuk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puɔʔ²⁴/, /pɑuʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak / pok
  - Tâi-lô: pak / pok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pag, pog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pak̚³²/, /pɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚⁵/, /pɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pak̚³²/, /pɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pak̚³²/, /pɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pak̚³²/, /pɔk̚³²/

Note:

pak - vernacular;
pok - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bag⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pak
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pak̚²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 剝
Mandarin	Beijing	/pɑu⁵⁵/ /po⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/pɤ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/pɑu²¹/ /po²¹/
	Jinan	/pə²¹³/ /pa²¹³/ ～皮
	Qingdao	/pa⁵⁵/ ～皮 /pə⁵⁵/ ～削
	Zhengzhou	/po²⁴/
	Xi'an	/po²¹/
	Xining	/pɔ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/puə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/po²¹³/
	Chengdu	/po³¹/
	Guiyang	/po²¹/
	Kunming	/po³¹/
	Nanjing	/poʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/pɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/paʔ²/
	Pingyao	/pʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/paʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/poʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/poʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/poʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/po²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/pɔʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/po⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/po²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/po²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/pɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/pok̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/pok̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɔk̚⁵/
	Nanning	/pɔk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/pɔk̚⁵/ /mɔk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/pak̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/pɔuʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/pɔ²⁴/ /pu²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/pak̚²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔbak̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /pˠʌk̚/

Rime
Character	剝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	江 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	北角切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/pɔk̚/
Wang Li	/pɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bok³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[p]ˤrok/

(Zhengzhang): /*proːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	剝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bō
Middle Chinese	‹ pæwk ›
Old Chinese	/[p]ˁrok/ (~ mə-pˁrok)
English	flay, peel
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	剝
Reading #	1/1
No.	8539
Phonetic component	录
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	剥
Old Chinese	/*proːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

剝

(Classical Chinese) to cut apart
to peel; to skin; to shell
to fall off or to erode
to strip; to deprive
(Cantonese, Hakka, Zhongshan Min) to take off (clothes)

Usage notes[edit]

Use 剝／剥 (bāo) for peeling something with one's hands, like a tangerine. Use 削 (xiāo) for peeling something with a knife or peeler, like a potato.

Synonyms[edit]

(to take off):

Dialectal synonyms of 脫 (“to take off (clothes)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		脫, 褪
Mandarin	Beijing	脫, 褪
	Taiwan	脫
	Harbin	脫
	Yantai (Muping)	脫
	Jinan	脫, 褪
	Wanrong	脫
	Xi'an	脫
	Yinchuan	脫
	Lanzhou	脫
	Xining	脫
	Ürümqi	脫
	Wuhan	脫
	Chengdu	脫
	Guiyang	脫
	Guilin	脫
	Liuzhou	脫, 褪, 解
	Xuzhou	脫
	Yangzhou	脫, 褪
	Nanjing	脫
	Hefei	脫, 褪
	Malaysia	脫
	Singapore	脫
Cantonese	Guangzhou	除, 脫
	Hong Kong	除, 剝, 解
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	剝
	Macau	剝
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	除
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	脫
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	除, 脫
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	除
	Foshan	除
	Foshan (Shunde)	除
	Foshan (Sanshui)	除
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	除
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	剝
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	剝
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	剝
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	剝
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	除, 剝
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	除
	Taishan	脫
	Kaiping (Chikan)	脫
	Enping (Niujiang)	脫
	Heshan (Yayao)	除
	Dongguan	脫, 除
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	剝
	Yangjiang	褪
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	除
	Penang (Guangfu)	除
	Singapore (Guangfu)	除
Gan	Nanchang	脫
	Lichuan	脫
	Pingxiang	推, 剝, 脫
Hakka	Meixian	脫
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	脫
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	剝
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	剝
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	脫
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	剝
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	剝
	Conghua (Lütian)	脫
	Yudu	脫
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	脫
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	脫
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	脫
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	脫
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	脫
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	脫
Huizhou	Jixi	脫, 褪
Jin	Taiyuan	脫
Jin	Xinzhou	脫
Min Bei	Jian'ou	褪
	Songxi	褪
	Jianyang	褪
Min Dong	Fuzhou	褪
	Gutian	褪
	Ningde	褪
	Zhouning	褪
	Fuding	褪
Min Nan	Xiamen	褪
	Quanzhou	褪
	Yongchun	褪
	Zhangzhou	褪
	Taipei	褪
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	褪
	Kaohsiung	褪
	Yilan	褪
	Changhua (Lukang)	褪
	Taichung	褪
	Tainan	褪
	Hsinchu	褪
	Kinmen	褪
	Penghu (Magong)	褪
	Penang (Hokkien)	褪
	Singapore (Hokkien)	褪
	Manila (Hokkien)	褪
	Longyan	脫
	Datian	褪
	Chaozhou	褪
	Shantou	褪
	Jieyang	褪
	Singapore (Teochew)	褪
	Haikou	解
Puxian Min	Putian	褪
Min Zhong	Yong'an	脫
	Sanyuan	脫
	Shaxian	脫
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	剝
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	剝
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	脫
Wu	Shanghai	脫
	Shanghai (Chongming)	脫
	Suzhou	脫, 褪
	Wuxi	脫
	Danyang	脫
	Hangzhou	脫
	Ningbo	脫
	Wenzhou	脫
	Jinhua	脫, 褪
Xiang	Changsha	脫
	Loudi	脫
	Shuangfeng	脫

Descendants[edit]

→ Proto-Tai: *poːkᴰ (“peel”)
- Lao: ປອກ (pǭk, “peel”)
- Lü: ᦔᦸᧅᧈ (ṗoak¹)
- Shan: ပွၵ်ႇ (pàuk)
- Thai: ปอก (bpɔ̀ɔk, “peel”)

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

(Min Nan) “Entry #5741”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	剥
Kyūjitai	剝

Kanji[edit]

剝

(common “Jōyō” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 剥)

Readings[edit]

Go-on: ほく (hoku)
Kan-on: はく (haku, Jōyō)
Kun: はがす (hagasu, 剝がす, Jōyō); はがれる (hagareru, 剝がれる, Jōyō); はげる (hageru, 剝げる, Jōyō); はぐ (hagu, 剝ぐ, Jōyō); むく (muku, 剝く)

Usage notes[edit]

Included in the 2010 jōyō reform instead of 剥, despite it having been standard in Japanese character sets.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

剝 (eum 박 (bak))

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

剝: Hán Nôm readings: bác, bóc

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

剝

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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