推

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See also: 稚
推 U+63A8, 推
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63A8
← 控
[U+63A7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 掩 →
[U+63A9]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

推 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手人土 (QOG), four-corner 50014, composition ⿰扌隹)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 439, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12284
  • Dae Jaweon: page 790, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1898, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+63A8

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 推

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (隹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蜼 *lus, *rulʔ, *luls
堆 *tuːl
嵟 *tuːl
碓 *tuːls
推 *tʰuːl, *tʰjul
蓷 *tʰuːl, *tʰjul
陮 *duːlʔ
魋 *duːl
嶊 *stuːlʔ
崔 *zluːl, *sʰluːl
猚 *ŋreːl, *rulʔ
椎 *dul
顀 *dul
隹 *tjul
錐 *tjul
萑 *kljul
騅 *tjul
鵻 *sɢʷinʔ, *tjul
誰 *djul
脽 *djul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰuːl, *tʰjul) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul) – push with the hand.

Etymology[edit]

Middle Chinese distinguishes 推 (MC thwoj, “to push”) and 推 (MC tsrhwij, “to proceed; to promote; to deduce”).

Older Mandarin dictionaries[n 1] give chuī (the Mandarin reflex of 推 (MC tsrhwij)) as a variant reading for all senses, while Cantonese dictionaries[n 2] only assign ceoi1 to the "to deduce" sense (e.g. in 推測 (“to surmise”)). Most modern Sinitic varieties use the reflexes of 推 (MC thwoj) for all meanings, while Sino-Xenic use the reflexes of 推 (MC tsrhwij) (in Korean, however, the reflex of 推 (MC thwoj) is also used in a few words). Some varieties (including certain Hakka, Min, and sometimes Yue dialects) preserve both readings, but not necessarily disambiguate them by meaning.

See also 揣 (MC tsrhjweX|twaX).

“to support”; “oshi”
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 推(お)し (oshi).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: thôi - “to put aside”.
Note:
  • thui/chhui - literary;
  • ther/the/tu - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 推
Mandarin Beijing /tʰuei⁵⁵/
Harbin /tʰuei⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tʰuei²¹/
Jinan /tʰuei²¹³/
Qingdao /tʰue²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tʰuei²⁴/
Xi'an /tʰuei²¹/
Xining /tʰuɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰuei⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tʰuei³¹/
Ürümqi /tʰuei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /tʰei⁵⁵/
Chengdu /tʰuei⁵⁵/
Guiyang /tʰuei⁵⁵/
Kunming /tʰuei⁴⁴/
Nanjing /tʰuəi³¹/
Hefei /tʰe²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰuei¹¹/
Pingyao /tʰuæ¹³/
Hohhot /tʰuei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /tʰe⁵³/
Suzhou /tʰe̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tʰui³³/
Wenzhou /tʰai³³/
Hui Shexian /tʰɛ³¹/
Tunxi /tʰə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tʰei³³/
Xiangtan /tʰəi³³/
Gan Nanchang /tʰui⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tʰui⁴⁴/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰøy⁵³/
Nanning /tʰui⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tʰøy⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tʰui⁵⁵/
/tu⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰøy⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰo⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰui³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sui²³/
/he²³/
Rime
Character 推 推
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 初 (19) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 脂 (16) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 叉隹切 他回切
Baxter tsrhwij thwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃʰiuɪ/ /tʰuʌi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂʰʷi/ /tʰuoi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃʰjuɪ/ /tʰuɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂʰwi/ /tʰwəj/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃʰui/ /tʰuᴀi/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃʰwi/ /tʰuɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂʰwi/ /tʰuɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chuāi tuī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ceoi1 teoi1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 推
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tuī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thwoj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰˁuj/
English push away

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 推 推
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 17708 17724
Phonetic
component 		隹 隹
Rime
group 		微 微
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		𨌴
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰuːl/ /*tʰjul/
Notes 由叉隹切校正

Definitions[edit]

推

  1. to push
    手推車／手推车  ―  shǒutuīchē  ―  pushcart
    推開窗／推开窗  ―  tuī kāi chuāng  ―  to push the windows open
  2. to postpone; to delay
    推遲／推迟  ―  tuīchí  ―  to postpone
  3. (figurative) to put aside; to push away; to dismiss; to explain away
    推諉／推诿  ―  tuīwěi  ―  to pass the buck
    推辭／推辞  ―  tuīcí  ―  to decline with an excuse
    推掉聚會、推掉採訪、推掉責任 [MSC, trad.]
    推掉聚会、推掉采访、推掉责任 [MSC, simp.]
    tuīdiào jùhuì, tuīdiào cǎifǎng, tuīdiào zérèn [Pinyin]
    to decline a gathering, to decline interviews, to decline responsibility
  4. to prompt; to propel
    推進／推进  ―  tuījìn  ―  to propel; to push forward
    推波助瀾／推波助澜  ―  tuībōzhùlán  ―  "to drive the billowing waves"; to add fuel to fire
  5. to promote; to advertise; to advocate
    推廣／推广  ―  tuīguǎng  ―  to promote; to popularize
    推出  ―  tuīchū  ―  to present
  6. to nominate; to recommend
    推薦／推荐  ―  tuījiàn  ―  to recommend
    推選／推选  ―  tuīxuǎn  ―  to nominate
    唐代詩人首推李杜。 [MSC, trad.]
    唐代诗人首推李杜。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tángdài shīrén shǒutuī lǐdù. [Pinyin]
    Li Bai and Du Fu are ranked the top among the Tang-era poets.
  7. to generalize; to broaden
    推己及人  ―  tuījǐjírén  ―  to put oneself in someone's shoes
  8. to infer; to deduce
    推測／推测  ―  tuīcè  ―  to estimate; to infer
    類推／类推  ―  lèituī  ―  to infer by analogy
  9. to derive; to reason; to compute
    推導／推导  ―  tuīdǎo  ―  to derive
    推論／推论  ―  tuīlùn  ―  corollary
  10. to proceed; to succeed; to form a procession
    推移  ―  tuīyí  ―  to proceed (in time)
  11. (Hong Kong, Internet slang) to bump a thread in support; to "push"
    Synonym: push
    Antonyms: 拉, pull
  12. (ACG or fandom slang) being a devoted fan of [someone]; to support [someone] (in an idol group; etc.)
    前田敦子推  ―  Qiántián Dūnzǐ tuī  ―  a person supporting Atsuko Maeda
    一生推  ―  yīshēng tuī  ―  to support [someone or a particular group] for life
  13. (ACG or fandom slang) oshi; favourite idol
    首推  ―  shǒu tuī  ―  member that someone like most in an idol group

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 推 (“to push”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 推
Mandarin Beijing 推, 㩳, 搡
Taiwan 推
Harbin 㩳, 搡
Jinan 推
Zhengzhou 擁
Xi'an 掀, 推
Wuhan 推, 㩳, 揎
Chengdu 推, 揎, 捎, 搊, 㩳
Guilin 推
Xuzhou 搑
Yangzhou 推, 搡
Hefei 推, 搡
Singapore 推
Cantonese Guangzhou 推, 擁
Hong Kong 推, 擁
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 擁
Taishan 擁
Yangjiang 宿, 擁, 𢱤
Gan Nanchang 推, 揎, 㩳
Hakka Meixian 𢱤
Xingning 𢱤
Huidong (Daling) 𢱤
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 擁
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 擁
Changting 𢱤
Wuping 𢱤
Wuping (Pingyu) 𢱤
Liancheng 𢱤
Ninghua 𢱤
Yudu 𢱤
Ruijin 𢱤
Shicheng 𢱤
Shangyou (Shexi) 𢱤
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 𢱤
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 𢱤
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 𢱤
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 𢱤
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 𢱤
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 𢳪
Hong Kong 推, 𢱤, 擁
Jin Taiyuan 推
Northern Min Jian'ou 捵, 𢱤
Eastern Min Fuzhou 捵, 𢱤
Fuqing 挨, 捵
Southern Min Xiamen 㧣, 捒, 攄
Quanzhou 捒, 攄
Jinjiang 㧣
Zhangzhou 㧣, 捒, 攄
Taipei 攄
New Taipei (Sanxia) 攄
Kaohsiung 攄
Yilan 攄
Changhua (Lukang) 攄, 㧣
Taichung 攄, 㧣
Tainan 攄
Hsinchu 攄, 㧣
Kinmen 攄, 㧣
Penghu (Magong) 攄
Penang (Hokkien) 捒, 攄
Singapore (Hokkien) 㧣
Manila (Hokkien) 㧣
Chaozhou 攆, 舁
Shantou 推, 攆
Jieyang 攆
Singapore (Teochew) 攆, 㧣
Wu Shanghai 推
Suzhou 推
Ningbo 推
Wenzhou 㨄, 推
Xiang Changsha 寵, 推
Shuangfeng 攮, 搡

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (推):
  • → Vietnamese: suy (推)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Samuel Wells Williams, 1874; Herbert Allen Giles, 1892
  2. ^ John Chalmers, 1855; Samuel Wells Williams, 1856; 廣話國語一貫未定稿, 1916

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

推

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. conjecture

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

推 • (chu, toe) (hangeul 추, 퇴)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

推: Hán Nôm readings: suy, chui, thoi, thòi, thôi, tòi, thối

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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