推

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See also: 稚
推 U+63A8, 推
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63A8
← 控
[U+63A7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 掩 →
[U+63A9]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

推 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手人土 (QOG), four-corner 50014, composition ⿰扌隹)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 439, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12284
  • Dae Jaweon: page 790, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1898, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+63A8

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 推

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (隹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蜼 *lus, *rulʔ, *luls
堆 *tuːl
嵟 *tuːl
碓 *tuːls
推 *tʰuːl, *tʰjul
蓷 *tʰuːl, *tʰjul
陮 *duːlʔ
魋 *duːl
嶊 *stuːlʔ
崔 *zluːl, *sʰluːl
猚 *ŋreːl, *rulʔ
椎 *dul
顀 *dul
隹 *tjul
錐 *tjul
萑 *kljul
騅 *tjul
鵻 *sɢʷinʔ, *tjul
誰 *djul
脽 *djul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰuːl, *tʰjul): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul) – push with the hand.

Etymology[edit]

Middle Chinese distinguishes 推 (MC tʰuʌi, “to push”) and 推 (MC t͡ʃʰiuɪ, “to proceed; to promote; to deduce”).

Older Mandarin dictionaries[n 1] give chuī (the Mandarin reflex of 推 (MC t͡ʃʰiuɪ)) as a variant reading for all senses, while Cantonese dictionaries[n 2] only assign ceoi1 to the "to deduce" sense (e.g. in 推測 (“to surmise”)). Most modern Sinitic varieties use the reflexes of 推 (MC tʰuʌi) for all meanings, while Sino-Xenic use the reflexes of 推 (MC t͡ʃʰiuɪ) (in Korean, however, the reflex of 推 (MC tʰuʌi) is also used in a few words). Some varieties (including certain Hakka, Min, and sometimes Yue dialects) preserve both readings, but not necessarily disambiguate them by meaning.

See also 揣 (MC t͡ʃʰˠiuᴇX, tuɑX).

“to support”
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 推(お)し (oshi).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: thôi - “to put aside”.
Note:
  • thui/chhui - literary;
  • ther/the/tu - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 推
    Mandarin Beijing /tʰuei⁵⁵/
    Harbin /tʰuei⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /tʰuei²¹/
    Jinan /tʰuei²¹³/
    Qingdao /tʰue²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /tʰuei²⁴/
    Xi'an /tʰuei²¹/
    Xining /tʰuɨ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /tʰuei⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /tʰuei³¹/
    Ürümqi /tʰuei⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /tʰei⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /tʰuei⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /tʰuei⁵⁵/
    Kunming /tʰuei⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /tʰuəi³¹/
    Hefei /tʰe²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /tʰuei¹¹/
    Pingyao /tʰuæ¹³/
    Hohhot /tʰuei³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /tʰe⁵³/
    Suzhou /tʰe̞⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /tʰui³³/
    Wenzhou /tʰai³³/
    Hui Shexian /tʰɛ³¹/
    Tunxi /tʰə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /tʰei³³/
    Xiangtan /tʰəi³³/
    Gan Nanchang /tʰui⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /tʰui⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan
    Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰøy⁵³/
    Nanning /tʰui⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /tʰøy⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tʰui⁵⁵/
    /tu⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tʰøy⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tʰo⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰui³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /sui²³/
    /he²³/
    Rime
    Character 推 推
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 初 (19) 透 (6)
    Final (韻) 脂 (16) 灰 (42)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed Closed
    Division (等) III I
    Fanqie 叉隹切 他回切
    Baxter tsrhwij thwoj
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡ʃʰiuɪ/ /tʰuʌi/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈ͡ʂʰʷi/ /tʰuoi/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡ʃʰjuɪ/ /tʰuɒi/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈ͡ʂʰwi/ /tʰwəj/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡ʃʰui/ /tʰuᴀi/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡ʃʰwi/ /tʰuɒi/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʈ͡ʂʰwi/ /tʰuɑ̆i/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		chuāi tuī
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ceoi1 teoi1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 推
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		tuī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ thwoj ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tʰˁuj/
    English push away

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 推 推
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 17708 17724
    Phonetic
    component         		隹 隹
    Rime
    group         		微 微
    Rime
    subdivision         		2 2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		𨌴
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tʰuːl/ /*tʰjul/
    Notes 由叉隹切校正

    Definitions[edit]

    推

    1. to push
      手推車／手推车  ―  shǒutuīchē  ―  pushcart
      推開窗／推开窗  ―  tuī kāi chuāng  ―  to push the windows open
    2. to postpone; to delay
      推遲／推迟  ―  tuīchí  ―  to postpone
    3. (figurative) to put aside; to push away; to dismiss; to explain away
      推諉／推诿  ―  tuīwěi  ―  to pass the buck
      推辭／推辞  ―  tuīcí  ―  to decline with an excuse
      推掉聚會、推掉採訪、推掉責任 [MSC, trad.]
      推掉聚会、推掉采访、推掉责任 [MSC, simp.]
      tuīdiào jùhuì, tuīdiào cǎifǎng, tuīdiào zérèn [Pinyin]
      to decline a gathering, to decline interviews, to decline responsibility
    4. to prompt; to propel
      推進／推进  ―  tuījìn  ―  to propel; to push forward
      推波助瀾／推波助澜  ―  tuībōzhùlán  ―  "to drive the billowing waves"; to add fuel to fire
    5. to promote; to advertise; to advocate
      推廣／推广  ―  tuīguǎng  ―  to promote; to popularize
      推出  ―  tuīchū  ―  to present
    6. to nominate; to recommend
      推薦／推荐  ―  tuījiàn  ―  to recommend
      推選／推选  ―  tuīxuǎn  ―  to nominate
      唐代詩人首推李杜。 [MSC, trad.]
      唐代诗人首推李杜。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tángdài shīrén shǒutuī lǐdù. [Pinyin]
      Li Bai and Du Fu are ranked the top among the Tang-era poets.
    7. to generalize; to broaden
      推己及人  ―  tuījǐjírén  ―  to put oneself in someone's shoes
    8. to infer; to deduce
      推測／推测  ―  tuīcè  ―  to estimate; to infer
      類推／类推  ―  lèituī  ―  to infer by analogy
    9. to derive; to reason; to compute
      推導／推导  ―  tuīdǎo  ―  to derive
      推論／推论  ―  tuīlùn  ―  corollary
    10. to proceed; to succeed; to form a procession
      推移  ―  tuīyí  ―  to proceed (in time)
    11. (Hong Kong, Internet slang) to bump a thread in support; to "push"
      Synonym: push
      Antonyms: 拉, pull
    12. (ACG or fandom slang) being a devoted fan of [someone]; to support [someone] (in an idol group; etc.)
      前田敦子推  ―  Qiántián Dūnzǐ tuī  ―  a person supporting Atsuko Maeda
      一生推  ―  yīshēng tuī  ―  to support [someone or a particular group] for life
      首推  ―  shǒu tuī  ―  member that someone like most in an idol group

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 推 (“to push”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 推
    Mandarin Beijing 推, 㩳, 搡
    Taiwan 推
    Harbin 㩳, 搡
    Jinan 推
    Zhengzhou 擁
    Xi'an 掀, 推
    Wuhan 推, 㩳, 揎
    Chengdu 推, 揎, 捎, 搊, 㩳
    Guilin 推
    Xuzhou 搑
    Yangzhou 推, 搡
    Hefei 推, 搡
    Singapore 推
    Cantonese Guangzhou 推, 擁
    Hong Kong 推, 擁
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 擁
    Taishan 擁
    Yangjiang 宿, 擁, 𢱤
    Gan Nanchang 推, 揎, 㩳
    Hakka Meixian 𢱤
    Xingning 𢱤
    Huidong (Daling) 𢱤
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 擁
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 擁
    Changting 𢱤
    Wuping 𢱤
    Wuping (Pingyu) 𢱤
    Liancheng 𢱤
    Ninghua 𢱤
    Yudu 𢱤
    Ruijin 𢱤
    Shicheng 𢱤
    Shangyou (Shexi) 𢱤
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 𢱤
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 𢱤
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 𢱤
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 𢱤
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 𢱤
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 𢳪
    Hong Kong 推, 𢱤, 擁
    Jin Taiyuan 推
    Min Bei Jian'ou 捵, 𢱤
    Min Dong Fuzhou 捵, 𢱤
    Fuqing 挨, 捵
    Min Nan Xiamen 㧣, 捒, 攄
    Quanzhou 捒, 攄
    Jinjiang 㧣
    Zhangzhou 㧣, 捒, 攄
    Taipei 攄
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 攄
    Kaohsiung 攄
    Yilan 攄
    Changhua (Lukang) 攄, 㧣
    Taichung 攄, 㧣
    Tainan 攄
    Hsinchu 攄, 㧣
    Kinmen 攄, 㧣
    Penghu (Magong) 攄
    Penang (Hokkien) 捒, 攄
    Singapore (Hokkien) 㧣
    Manila (Hokkien) 㧣
    Chaozhou 攆, 舁
    Shantou 推, 攆
    Jieyang 攆
    Singapore (Teochew) 攆, 㧣
    Wu Shanghai 推
    Suzhou 推
    Ningbo 推
    Wenzhou 㨄, 推
    Xiang Changsha 寵, 推
    Shuangfeng 攮, 搡

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 推

    References[edit]

    Notes[edit]

    1. ^ Samuel Wells Williams, 1874; Herbert Allen Giles, 1892
    2. ^ John Chalmers, 1855; Samuel Wells Williams, 1856; 廣話國語一貫未定稿, 1916

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    推

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. conjecture

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    推 • (chu, toe) (hangeul 추, 퇴)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    推: Hán Nôm readings: suy, chui, thoi, thòi, thôi, tòi, thối

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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