椎

椎 U+690E, 椎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-690E ← 植 [U+690D] CJK Unified Ideographs 椏 → [U+690F]

Translingual

Han character

椎 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木人土 (DOG), four-corner 4091₄, composition ⿰木隹)

Derived characters

• 𩠳, 𱾝, 𥴛, 𢡫

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 536, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15024
• Dae Jaweon: page 924, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1233, character 10
• Unihan data for U+690E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		椎
alternative forms		㮅

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (隹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蜼	*lus, *rulʔ, *luls
堆	*tuːl
嵟	*tuːl
碓	*tuːls
推	*tʰuːl, *tʰjul
蓷	*tʰuːl, *tʰjul
陮	*duːlʔ
魋	*duːl
嶊	*stuːlʔ
崔	*zluːl, *sʰluːl
猚	*ŋreːl, *rulʔ
椎	*dul
顀	*dul
隹	*tjul
錐	*tjul
萑	*kljul
騅	*tjul
鵻	*sɢʷinʔ, *tjul
誰	*djul
脽	*djul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *dul): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul). It expresses the idea of a piece of wood used to smash things, signifying a “hammer” or “mallet.”

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhuī (zhui¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄟ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chui

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuī
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuei
    • Wade–Giles: chui¹
    • Yale: jwēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juei
    • Palladius: чжуй (čžuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zeoi¹
    • Yale: jēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵy̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chui
    • Tâi-lô: tsui
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zuy
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sui⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sui³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sui⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sui⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sui⁴⁴/

Definitions

椎

1. vertebra

Compounds

• 回椎 (huíchuí)
• 圓椎 / 圆椎 (yuánzhuī)
• 尾椎 (wěizhuī)
• 尾椎骨
• 椎子
• 椎孔 (zhuīkǒng)
• 椎間板 / 椎间板
• 椎間盤 / 椎间盘 (zhuījiānpán)
• 椎骨 (zhuīgǔ)
• 胸椎 (xiōngzhuī)
• 脊椎
• 脊椎動物 / 脊椎动物
• 脊椎骨 (jǐzhuīgǔ)
• 腰椎 (yāozhuī)
• 腰椎神經 / 腰椎神经
• 腰椎穿刺 (yāozhuī chuāncì)
• 頸椎 / 颈椎 (jǐngzhuī)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhuī (zhui¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄟ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuī
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuei
    • Wade–Giles: chui¹
    • Yale: jwēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juei
    • Palladius: чжуй (čžuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zeoi¹
    • Yale: jēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵy̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

椎

1. chinquapin (Castanopsis)

Compounds

• 椎茸 (zhuīróng)

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “What relation is there between 錘, 槌, 鎚, and 椎?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chuí, zhuī (chui², zhui¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄟˊ, ㄓㄨㄟ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chuí
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chuéi
    • Wade–Giles: chʻui²
    • Yale: chwéi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwei
    • Palladius: чуй (čuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuī
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuei
    • Wade–Giles: chui¹
    • Yale: jwēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juei
    • Palladius: чжуй (čžuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ceoi⁴
    • Yale: chèuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: drwij

Rime
Character	椎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	脂 (18)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直追切
Baxter	drwij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiuɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖʷᵚi/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiuɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖjwi/
Li Rong	/ȡjui/
Wang Li	/ȡwi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱwi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceoi4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.druj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*dul/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	椎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuí
Middle Chinese	‹ drwij ›
Old Chinese	/*k.druj/
English	hammer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	椎
Reading #	1/1
No.	17716
Phonetic component	隹
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	鎚
Old Chinese	/*dul/

Definitions

椎

1. hammer; mallet

   • 良嘗學禮淮陽。東見倉海君。得力士，為鐵椎重百二十斤。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     良尝学礼淮阳。东见仓海君。得力士，为铁椎重百二十斤。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Liáng cháng xué lǐ Huáiyáng. Dōng jiàn Cānghǎi Jūn. Dé lìshì, wéi tiě zhuī zhòng bǎi èrshí jīn. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. to pound; to beat
3. (archaic) simple-minded; slow-witted

Compounds

• 剝膚椎髓 / 剥肤椎髓
• 博浪飛椎 / 博浪飞椎
• 打熱椎 / 打热椎
• 椎埋
• 椎床倒枕
• 椎心
• 椎心泣血
• 椎心蝕骨 / 椎心蚀骨
• 椎拍輐斷 / 椎拍𰺇断
• 椎棒
• 椎牛饗士 / 椎牛飨士
• 椎秦
• 椎輪 / 椎轮
• 椎輪大輅 / 椎轮大辂
• 椎髻
• 椎魯 / 椎鲁
• 泣血椎心
• 鏈椎 / 链椎

Japanese

Kanji

椎

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: すい (sui)、ずい (zui)^{←づい (dui, historical)}
• Kan-on: すい (sui)、つい (tsui, Jōyō)^{←つい (tui, historical)}
• Kun: つち (tsuchi, 椎)、うつ (utsu, 椎つ)、しい (shī, 椎)^{←しひ (sifi, 椎, historical)}

Compounds

• 椎(つい)間(かん)板(ばん) (tsuikanban): intervertebral disc
• 椎(つい)骨(こつ) (tsuikotsu): vertebra

Etymology

Kanji in this term
椎
しい Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しい [shíꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɕiː]

Noun

椎(しい) or 椎(シイ) • (shī) ^{←しひ (sifi)?}

1. chinquapin, a tree of the genus Castanopsis

Derived terms

• 椎(しい)茸(たけ) (shītake): shiitake
• 椎鈍(しいにび) (shīnibi)
• 円(つぶら)椎(じい) (tsuburajī): shii tree

References

• “^△椎”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 椎 (MC drwij). Recorded as Middle Korean 퇴 (thwoy) (Yale: thwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

椎 (eumhun 몽치 추 (mongchi chu))

1. hanja form^? of 추 (“mallet”)
2. hanja form^? of 추 (“(anatomy) spine”)

Compounds

• 경추 (頸椎, gyeongchu)
• 미추 (尾椎, michu)
• 요추 (腰椎, yochu)
• 척추 (脊椎, cheokchu)
• 추골 (椎骨, chugol)
• 흉추 (胸椎, hyungchu)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

椎: Hán Nôm readings: chòi, choi, chùy/chuỳ, dùi, truy, chuy

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.