椎

椎 U+690E, 椎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-690E ← 植 [U+690D] CJK Unified Ideographs 椏 → [U+690F]

Translingual

Han character

椎 (radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木人土 (DOG), four-corner 4091₄, composition ⿰木隹)

References

• KangXi: page 536, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15024
• Dae Jaweon: page 924, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1233, character 10
• Unihan data for U+690E

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		椎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (隹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蜼	*lus, *rulʔ, *luls
堆	*tuːl
嵟	*tuːl
碓	*tuːls
推	*tʰuːl, *tʰjul
蓷	*tʰuːl, *tʰjul
陮	*duːlʔ
魋	*duːl
嶊	*stuːlʔ
崔	*zluːl, *sʰluːl
猚	*ŋreːl, *rulʔ
椎	*dul
顀	*dul
隹	*tjul
錐	*tjul
萑	*kljul
騅	*tjul
鵻	*sɢʷinʔ, *tjul
誰	*djul
脽	*djul

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “What relation is there between 錘, 槌, 鎚, and 椎?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chuí, zhuī (chui², zhui¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄟˊ, ㄓㄨㄟ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi⁴, zeoi¹
• Min Nan (POJ): chui

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: chuí
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄟˊ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻui2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwei
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chuéi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰweɪ̯³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhuī
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄟ
    • Wade–Giles: chui1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juei
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuei
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂweɪ̯⁵⁵/

Note:

• chuí - literary (“hammer,”);
• zhuī - vernacular (“vertebra, shiitake, Castanopsis”).

Cantonese

• (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  • Jyutping: ceoi⁴, zeoi¹
  • Yale: chèuih, jēui
  • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey⁴, dzoey¹
  • Guangdong Romanization: cêu⁴, zêu¹
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃʰɵy̯²¹/, /t͡ʃɵy̯⁵⁵/

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chui
  • Tâi-lô: tsui
  • Phofsit Daibuun: zuy
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sui³³/
  • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sui⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɖˠiuɪ/

Rime
Character	椎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	脂 (18)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	直追切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiuɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖʷᵚi/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiuɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖjwi/
Li Rong	/ȡjui/
Wang Li	/ȡwi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱwi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceoi4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.druj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*dul/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	椎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuí
Middle Chinese	‹ drwij ›
Old Chinese	/*k.druj/
English	hammer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	椎
Reading #	1/1
No.	17716
Phonetic component	隹
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	鎚
Old Chinese	/*dul/

Definitions

椎

1. hammer, mallet
2. vertebra
3. shiitake
4. genius Castanopsis

Compounds

• 剝膚椎髓／剥肤椎髓
• 博浪飛椎／博浪飞椎
• 回椎
• 圓椎／圆椎
• 尾椎 (wěizhuī)
• 尾椎骨
• 打熱椎／打热椎
• 椎埋
• 椎子
• 椎孔 (zhuīkǒng)
• 椎床倒枕
• 椎心

• 椎心泣血 (chuíxīn-qìxuè)
• 椎心蝕骨／椎心蚀骨
• 椎拍輐斷／椎拍輐断
• 椎棒
• 椎牛饗士／椎牛飨士
• 椎秦
• 椎茸 (zhuīróng)
• 椎輪／椎轮
• 椎輪大輅／椎轮大辂
• 椎間板／椎间板
• 椎骨 (zhuīgǔ)
• 椎髻

• 椎魯／椎鲁
• 泣血椎心
• 胸椎 (xiōngzhuī)
• 脊椎 (jǐzhuī)
• 脊椎動物／脊椎动物 (jǐzhuī dòngwù)
• 脊椎骨 (jǐzhuīgǔ)
• 腰椎 (yāozhuī)
• 腰椎神經／腰椎神经
• 腰椎穿刺 (yāozhuī chuāncì)
• 鏈椎／链椎
• 頸椎／颈椎 (jǐngzhuī)

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Japanese

Kanji

椎

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: すい (sui); ずい (zui)^{←づい (dui, historical)}
• Kan-on: すい (sui); つい (tsui, Jōyō)^{←つい (tui, historical)}
• Kun: つち (tsuchi, 椎); うつ (utsu, 椎つ); しい (shī, 椎)^{←しひ (sifi, historical)}

Compounds

Compounds

• 椎(しい)茸(たけ) (shītake): shiitake
• 椎(つい)間(かん)板(ばん) (tsuikanban): intervertebral disc
• 椎(つい)骨(こつ) (tsuikotsu): vertebra
• 円(つぶら)椎(じい) (tsuburajī): shii tree

Kanji in this term
椎
しい Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) し​い [shíꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɕiː]

Noun

椎(しい) • (shī) ^{←しひ (sifi)?}

1. any tree of the genus Castanopsis

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 椎 (MC ɖˠiuɪ). Recorded as Middle Korean 퇴 (Yale: thwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

椎 (eumhun 몽치 추 (mongchi chu))

1. Hanja form^? of 추 (“mallet”).
2. Hanja form^? of 추 (“(anatomy) spine”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 척추 (脊椎, cheokchu)
• 경추 (頸椎, gyeongchu)
• 추골 (椎骨, chugol)
• 요추 (腰椎, yochu)
• 미추 (尾椎, michu)
• 흉추 (胸椎, hyungchu)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

椎: Hán Nôm readings: chòi, choi, chùy/chuỳ, dùi, truy, chuy

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.