錘

See also: 锤

錘 U+9318, 錘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9318 ← 錗 [U+9317] CJK Unified Ideographs 錙 → [U+9319]

Translingual

Han character

錘 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金竹十一 (CHJM), four-corner 8211₄, composition ⿰釒垂)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1310, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40547
• Dae Jaweon: page 1812, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4220, character 7
• Unihan data for U+9318

Chinese

trad.		錘
simp.		锤*
alternative forms		鎚 捶 𨭇 𨪼 𨫻

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 錘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (垂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
埵	*toːlʔ
綞	*toːlʔ
涶	*tʰoːl, *tʰoːls
唾	*tʰoːls
厜	*stol
腄	*tol, *dols, *ɢʷɯ
箠	*tol, *tjolʔ
娷	*tols
諈	*tols
錘	*dol, *dols, *du
甀	*dol, *dols
硾	*dols
捶	*tjolʔ
垂	*djol
陲	*djol
倕	*djol
菙	*djolʔ
睡	*djols

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dol, *dols, *du) : semantic 金 + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “What relation is there between 錘, 槌, 鎚, and 椎?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): chuí (chui²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄟˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cui²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi⁴ / ceoi^4-2 / seoi⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhùi

  (Meixian, Guangdong): cui²

• Northern Min (KCR): tṳ̿
• Eastern Min (BUC): tùi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thûi / tûi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tui⁵ / dui⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chuí
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chuéi
    • Wade–Giles: chʻui²
    • Yale: chwéi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwei
    • Palladius: чуй (čuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cui²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cui
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuei²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ceoi⁴ / ceoi^4-2 / seoi⁴
    • Yale: chèuih / chéui / sèuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey⁴ / tsoey^4-2 / soey⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêu⁴ / cêu^4-2 / sêu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/, /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹⁻³⁵/, /sɵy̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhùi
    • Hakka Romanization System: cui^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cui²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: cui²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuɪ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tṳ̿
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰy³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tùi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰui⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thûi
    • Tâi-lô: thuî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tuii
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /tʰui²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰui¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰui²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tûi
    • Tâi-lô: tuî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: duii
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tui²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tui¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tui⁵ / dui⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thûi / tûi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰui⁵⁵/, /tui⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: drjwe, drjweH

Rime
Character	錘	錘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	支 (14)	支 (14)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直垂切	馳僞切
Baxter	drjwe	drjweH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiuᴇ/	/ɖˠiuᴇH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖʷᵚiɛ/	/ɖʷᵚiɛH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiuɛ/	/ȡiuɛH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖjwiə̆/	/ɖjwiə̆H/
Li Rong	/ȡjue/	/ȡjueH/
Wang Li	/ȡǐwe/	/ȡǐweH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱwie̯/	/ȡʱwie̯H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuí	zhuì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceoi4	zeoi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-t<r>oj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*dol/, /*dols/, /*du/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	錘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuí
Middle Chinese	‹ drjwe ›
Old Chinese	/*m-t<r>oj/
English	sledge-hammer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	錘	錘	錘
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	1668	1670	1681
Phonetic component	垂	垂	垂
Rime group	歌	歌	微
Rime subdivision	3	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	鬌	縋	鎚
Old Chinese	/*dol/	/*dols/	/*du/
Notes			又鎚字注亦從垂

Definitions

錘

1. hammer
2. mace (weapon)
3. (literally, figuratively) to hammer into shape; to forge
4. (Mainland China, neologism, slang) proof
5. (historical) an ancient unit of weight
6. a surname: Chui

Synonyms

• (hammer):

Dialectal synonyms of 錘子 (“hammer”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		錘子
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	錘子, 榔頭
	Taiwan	錘子
	Singapore	錘, 鐵錘
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	錘子
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	釘錘兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	釘錘兒, 錘錘兒
	Wuhan	釘錘, 錘子, 榔頭
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	榔頭
	Hefei	錘子, 釘錘
Cantonese	Guangzhou	錘
	Hong Kong	錘仔, 錘
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	手錘
	Macau	錘
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	錘
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	錘仔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	錘仔
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	錘
	Foshan	錘
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	錘
	Foshan (Shunde)	錘
	Foshan (Sanshui)	錘
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	錘
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	錘
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	普頭
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	錘
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	錘
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	錘
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	錘
	Taishan	錘, 斧頭仔
	Kaiping (Chikan)	錘
	Enping (Niujiang)	錘
	Heshan (Yayao)	錘
	Dongguan	錘
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	鐵錘
	Yangjiang	錘仔
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	錘
Gan	Nanchang	釘錘子
Hakka	Meixian	錘仔, 鐵錘
Jin	Taiyuan	錘子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	鐵錘仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	鐵錘囝, 鐵錘
Southern Min	Xiamen	鐵錘, 鐵釘仔錘, 錘仔, 錘
	Quanzhou	鐵錘, 錘仔, 錘
	Zhangzhou	鐵錘, 鐵釘仔錘, 錘仔, 錘
	Taipei	摃錘仔
	Singapore (Hokkien)	鐵錘, 錘
	Manila (Hokkien)	鐵錘, 釘錘
	Chaozhou	鐵錘
Wu	Shanghai	榔頭
	Suzhou	榔頭
	Wenzhou	鞋錘兒, 錘兒, 榔頭
Xiang	Changsha	錘子, 釘錘子, 釘錘
	Shuangfeng	錘子

• (to hammer into shape): 鍛造／锻造 (duànzào)

Compounds

• 八大錘／八大锤
• 別具爐錘／别具炉锤
• 千錘百煉／千锤百炼 (qiānchuíbǎiliàn)
• 氣錘／气锤
• 水錘泵／水锤泵
• 秤錘／秤锤 (chèngchuí)
• 空氣錘／空气锤
• 紡錘／纺锤 (fǎngchuí)
• 紡錘蟲／纺锤虫
• 紡錘體／纺锤体 (fǎngchuítǐ)
• 釘錘／钉锤
• 鉛錘／铅锤 (qiānchuí)
• 錘子／锤子 (chuízi)
• 錘鍊／锤炼 (chuíliàn)
• 錘骨／锤骨 (chuígǔ)
• 鐵錘／铁锤 (tiěchuí)
• 鼓錘／鼓锤

 

References

• “錘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Query for 錘”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

錘

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. weight, sinker
2. spindle

Readings

• Go-on: ずい (zui)^{←づゐ (dwi, historical)}
• Kan-on: つい (tsui)^{←つゐ (twi, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: すい (sui)^{←すゐ (swi, historical)}
• Kun: つむ (tsumu, 錘)、おもり (omori, 錘)

Compounds

• 鉛錘(えんすい) (ensui)
• 紡錘(ぼうすい) (bōsui)

Usage notes

• Removed from the daily use Jōyō kanji by the Japanese government in 2010.
• As in historical on-readings ending in ゐ (-wi), such as ゆゐ (yuwi) and るゐ (rwi), most dictionaries do not have すゐ (swi), つゐ (twi), and づゐ (dwi) as historical readings for 錘. According to historical data, the on-readings of 錘 are the modern すい (sui) and つい (tsui), as well as づい (zui). However, the Dai Kanwa Jiten has the ゐ (-wi) historical on-readings.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
錘
つむ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Noun

錘(つむ) • (tsumu) 

1. (spinning) a spindle

   Synonym: 紡錘 (bōsui)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
錘
おもり Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) おもり [òmórí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [o̞mo̞ɾʲi]

Noun

錘(おもり) • (omori) 

1. Alternative form of 重り (omori, “weight; sinker”)

Korean

Hanja

錘 • (chu) (hangeul 추)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

錘: Hán Nôm readings: chuy, chùy/chuỳ, dùi, thùy/thuỳ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.