拉

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拉 U+62C9, 拉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62C9
← 拈
[U+62C8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 拊 →
[U+62CA]
拉 U+F925, 拉
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F925
← 襤
[U+F924] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 臘 →
[U+F926]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character[edit]

拉 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手卜廿 (QYT), four-corner 50018, composition ⿰扌立)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 425, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11946
  • Dae Jaweon: page 773, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1857, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+62C9

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 拉

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 拉
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (立) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涖 *rɯːbs, *rɯbs
莅 *rɯbs, *rɯbs
蒞 *rɯbs
位 *ɢʷrɯbs
拉 *ruːb
菈 *ruːb
颯 *sluːb
立 *rɯb
粒 *rɯb
笠 *ɡ·rɯb
砬 *rɯb
岦 *rɯb
苙 *ɡ·rɯb, *ɡrɯb
鴗 *rɯb
雴 *r̥ʰɯb
泣 *kʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːb): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb).

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: laap6 - rare.
Note: lah4 - e.g. 拉稀跑肚.
Note:
  • lă - literary;
  • lăk - vernacular;
  • nà - “to excrete”.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • lá - in certain compounds;
    • la̍p - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 拉
    Mandarin Beijing /la⁵⁵/
    Harbin /la⁴⁴/ ～車
    /la²⁴/ ～鋸
    Tianjin /lɑ²¹/
    Jinan /la²¹³/
    /la⁴²/ ～呱兒
    Qingdao /la⁵⁵/
    /la²¹³/ ～屎
    Zhengzhou /la²⁴/
    Xi'an /la²¹/
    Xining /la⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /la⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /la³¹/
    Ürümqi /la⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /na⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /na⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /la⁵⁵/
    Kunming /la̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /lɑ³¹/
    Hefei /la²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /laʔ²/
    Pingyao /lɑ¹³/
    Hohhot /laʔ⁴³/ ～屎
    /la³¹/ ～東西
    Wu Shanghai /la⁵³/
    Suzhou /lɑ⁵⁵/
    /laʔ³/ ～丁
    Hangzhou /lɑ³³/
    Wenzhou /la³³/
    Hui Shexian /la³¹/
    Tunxi /la¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /la²⁴/
    Xiangtan /nɒ³³/
    Gan Nanchang
    Hakka Meixian /la⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /lɑ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /lai⁵³/
    Nanning /lai⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /lai⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lap̚⁵/
    /la⁵⁵/ 俗
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /la⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /la⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /lap̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /la⁵⁵/
    Rime
    Character 拉
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 覃 (160)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 盧合切
    Baxter lop
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lʌp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ləp̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/lɒp̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ləp̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/lᴀp̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/lɒp̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/lăp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		là
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		laap6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 拉
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		là
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ lop ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r]ˁəp/
    English break

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 拉
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7866
    Phonetic
    component         		立
    Rime
    group         		緝
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		拉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ruːb/

    Definitions[edit]

    拉

    1. † to destroy; to break; to snap
      alt. forms: 摺／折, 搚 (lā), 拹 (xié)
    2. † to insult
    3. † to strike; to hit; to beat
    4. to pull; to drag; to tug
      將窗簾拉落嚟 [Cantonese, trad.]
      将窗帘拉落嚟 [Cantonese, simp.]
      zoeng1 coeng1 lim4 laai1 lok6 lai4 [Jyutping]
      pull down window blinds
    5. to transport by vehicle; to haul; to carry on a vehicle
    6. to play (a bowed instrument, an accordion, etc.)
      拉二胡  ―  lā èrhú  ―  to play the erhu
      我不會拉小提琴。／我不会拉小提琴。  ―  Wǒ bùhuì lā xiǎotíqín.  ―  I don't know how to play the violin.
    7. to drag out; to draw out
    8. (Mainland China) to owe; to be in arrears
    9. to lead (a group to a place); to move (a group to a place)
    10. to help; to lend (a hand)
    11. to invite; to recruit
    12. to drag in; to implicate
    13. to draw in; to canvass; to solicit; to attract
    14. to organize (a group); to form (a group)
    15. (Cantonese) to arrest
    16. (dialectal) to bring up; to raise
    17. (Mainland China, colloquial) to chat
      拉家常  ―  lā jiācháng  ―  to chitchat
    18. † (onomatopoeia) The sound of wind.
    19. to excrete
      拉大便  ―  lā dàbiàn  ―  to poo
    20. (Hong Kong, Internet slang) to cause a thread to sink to the bottom of list of threads; to "pull"
      Synonym: pull
      Antonyms: 推 (teoi1), push
    21. (dated Shanghainese Wu) Used to mark the perfective aspect.
      Synonyms: 拉哉, 拉哩
      勿吃要罰個！吃拉哉。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
      勿吃要罚个！吃拉哉。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
      From: 2010, Qian Nairong, 《從〈滬語便商〉所見的老上海話時態》 (Tenses and Aspects? Old Shanghainese as Found in the Book Huyu Bian Shang)
      If you didn't eat you would be punished! Finish the food (ie. have the food be finished).
    22. a surname
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (to pull):
    Dialectal synonyms of 拉 (“to pull; to tug”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 拉, 挽
    Mandarin Beijing 抻, 扽
    Taiwan 拉
    Jinan 抻, 拉
    Xi'an 拉, 抻, 扯
    Wuhan 拉, 扯, 𠡒
    Chengdu 扯, 拉
    Guilin 扯
    Yangzhou 拽, 扽, 拉
    Hefei 拉, 拽
    Singapore 拉
    Cantonese Guangzhou 拉, 掹
    Hong Kong 拉, 掹
    Yangjiang 掹, 拉
    Singapore (Guangfu) 拉
    Gan Nanchang 扯, 𠡒
    Hakka Meixian 挷
    Jin Taiyuan 扯
    Min Bei Jian'ou 拔, 揄
    Min Dong Fuzhou 拔
    Min Nan Xiamen 搝, 擢
    Quanzhou 搝, 擢
    Zhangzhou 搝, 擢
    Taipei 搝
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 搝
    Kaohsiung 搝
    Yilan 搝
    Changhua (Lukang) 搝
    Taichung 搝
    Tainan 搝, 擢
    Hsinchu 搝
    Kinmen 搝
    Penghu (Magong) 搝
    Penang (Hokkien) 搝, 擢
    Singapore (Hokkien) 搝
    Manila (Hokkien) 拔
    Chaozhou 𠡒
    Wu Shanghai 拉
    Suzhou 拉
    Ningbo 拉, 𠡒
    Wenzhou 拉, 𢱋, 𠡒
    Xiang Changsha 扯, 悶
    Shuangfeng 扯
    • (to play a stringed instrument):
    Dialectal synonyms of 拉 (“to play (a stringed instrument, e.g. the erhu)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 拉
    Mandarin Taiwan 拉
    Yantai (Muping) 拉
    Jinan 拉
    Wanrong 拉
    Xi'an 拉
    Ürümqi 拉
    Wuhan 鋸
    Guiyang 扯
    Liuzhou 扯
    Singapore 拉
    Cantonese Guangzhou 拉
    Hong Kong 拉
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 拉
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 扯
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 牙
    Taishan 拉
    Gan Lichuan 扯
    Pingxiang 鋸, 扯
    Hakka Meixian 鋸
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 拉
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 拉
    Wengyuan 拉
    Liannan 拉
    Jiexi 挨
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 牽
    Changting 鋸
    Wuping (Yanqian) 拉
    Ninghua 鋸
    Yudu 鋸
    Ningdu 鋸
    Tonggu (Sandu) 拉
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 扯
    Dayu 拉
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鋸, 挨
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鋸, 挨
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 挨, 鋸
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 鋸, 挨
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 挨, 鋸
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 挨
    Hong Kong 拉
    Mengshan (Xihe) 拉
    Luchuan 拉
    Jin Taiyuan 拉
    Min Dong Fuzhou 鋸
    Min Nan Xiamen 拉, 挨
    Quanzhou 拉, 挨
    Zhangzhou 拉, 挨
    Zhao'an 鋸
    Tainan 挨
    Raoping 鋸
    Shantou 鋸
    Jieyang 鋸, 牽
    Haifeng 鋸
    Wenchang 彈
    Haikou 彈
    Wu Shanghai 拉
    Danyang 拉
    Xiang Changsha 鋸
    Loudi 鋸
    • (to arrest):
    Dialectal synonyms of 逮捕 (“to arrest”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 逮捕, 拘捕, 捕捉, 緝捕, 捉拿
    Mandarin Beijing 逮, 抓
    Taiwan 捉, 抓
    Singapore 捉, 抓
    Cantonese Guangzhou 拉
    Hong Kong 拉
    Singapore (Guangfu) 拉
    Hakka Meixian 捉
    Min Nan Xiamen 緝掠
    Quanzhou 網, 網董
    Tainan 掠
    Penang (Hokkien) 掠
    Singapore (Hokkien) 掠
    Manila (Hokkien) 掠
    Singapore (Teochew) 掠
    Wu Ningbo 揢
    Wenzhou 拔

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    拉

    1. (Mainland China) to cut; to slit; to slash
      alt. forms: 剌

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    拉

    1. (Mainland China, colloquial) section; part

    Pronunciation 4[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    拉

    1. Alternative form of 落 (là)
    2. Used in 拉拉蛄, alternative form of 蝲蝲蛄 (làlàgǔ)

    Pronunciation 5[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 拉
    alternative forms 啦

    Definitions[edit]

    拉

    1. A verbal suffix.

    Pronunciation 6[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    拉

    1. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to release; to untie; to loosen; to get untied; to come loose

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    拉

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. to drag
    2. to pull
    3. to draw
    4. to carry off
    5. to crush
    6. Used in phonetic transcription of foreign words.

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 拉 (MC lop).

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    拉 (eumhun 끌 랍 (kkeul rap), South Korea 끌 납 (kkeul nap))

    1. Hanja form? of 랍/납 (“to pull”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    拉: Hán Việt readings: lạp (落(lạc)合(hợp)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    拉: Nôm readings: sắp[1][2][3][4][5], dập[1][2][3][4], lớp[1][2][3][4], rập[1][2][3][4], rắp[1][2][3][4], lấp[1][2][3], lợp[1][3][4], sụp[1][3][4], lắp[3][4][5], giập[1][3], ráp[2][3], loạt[3][4], rợp[1], sập[1], láp[3], lọp[3], đập[3], xập[3], xệp[3], lạp[4], rấp[5]

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Hồ (1976).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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