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臘

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 腊, 𫞇, and 臈
臘 U+81D8, 臘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81D8
← 臗
[U+81D7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 臙 →
[U+81D9]
臘 U+F926, 臘
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F926
← 拉
[U+F925] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 蠟 →
[U+F927]

Translingual

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Traditional 臘
Shinjitai
(extended) 		𫞇
Simplified 腊

Han character

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臘 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+15, 19 strokes, cangjie input 月女女女 (BVVV), four-corner 72217, composition ⿰月巤(GJKV) or ⿰⺼巤(HT))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 997, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30009
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1448, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2123, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+81D8

Chinese

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trad. 臘
simp. 腊*
alternative forms 𦡳
𦠼
臈／腊

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (巤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鑞 *raːb
蠟 *raːb
邋 *raːb, *rab
臘 *raːb
臈 *raːb
擸 *raːb, *rab
擖 *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
獵 *rab
躐 *rab
鬣 *rab
儠 *rab
犣 *rab
鱲 *rab
巤 *rab
獦 *klaːd, *rab

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raːb): semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab).

Etymology

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Uncertain.

  • Bodde (1975) cites Zheng Xuan's comment on the relation between 臘 (OC *raːb, “year-end sacrifice”) and 獵 (OC *rab, “hunt”);
  • Boltz (1979) instead relates it to a much later word written with the same phonetic & meaning "to cut off, to terminate" (of a year);
  • Schuessler (2007) proposes an alternative Sino-Tibetan etymology: just as the 葉 (OC *hljeb, *leb) word-family encompasses the meanings "leaf > foliage, year, generation"; so the root *râp "new year, change of year" is apparently a parallel etymon, which also is cognate with Tibetan རབས། (rabs, “generation”) (Bodman, 1980).

Pronunciation

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Note: lip6 - variant.
Note:
  • la̍p/lia̍p - literary;
  • la̍h - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 臘
Mandarin Beijing /la⁵¹/
Harbin /la⁵³/
Tianjin /lɑ⁵³/
Jinan /la²¹/
Qingdao /la⁴²/
Zhengzhou /la²⁴/
Xi'an /la²¹/
Xining /la⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /la¹³/
Lanzhou /la¹³/
Ürümqi /la²¹³/
Wuhan /na²¹³/
Chengdu /na³¹/
Guiyang /na²¹/
Kunming /la̠³¹/
Nanjing /lɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /lɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /laʔ²/
Pingyao /lʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /laʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /laʔ¹/
Suzhou /laʔ³/
Hangzhou /lɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /la²¹³/
Hui Shexian /la²²/
Tunxi /lɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /la²⁴/
Xiangtan /nɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /laʔ²/ ～月
/laʔ⁵/ ～肉
Hakka Meixian /lap̚⁵/
Taoyuan /lɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lap̚²/
Nanning /ʟap̚²²/
Hong Kong /lap̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lap̚⁵/
/laʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /laʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /la⁴²/
/si²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /laʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /la³³/
Rime
Character 臘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 盍 (144)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 盧盍切
Baxter lap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑp̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lap̚/
Li
Rong 		/lɑp̚/
Wang
Li 		/lɑp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lɑp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		là
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		laap6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 臘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		là
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lap ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.rˁap/
English winter sacrifice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 臘
Reading # 1/1
No. 8146
Phonetic
component 		巤
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		臘
Old
Chinese 		/*raːb/

Definitions

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臘

  1. year-end sacrifice to the gods
  2. twelfth month of the Chinese lunar calendar
  3. dried preserved meat; cured meat
    燒臘／烧腊  ―  shāolà  ―  preserved or roasted meat
    臘鴨／腊鸭  ―  làyā  ―  dried preserved duck

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (臘):
  • → Vietnamese: lạp (臘)

(Non-Sino-Xenic):

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
(extended)

𫞇

Print
standard

臘
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

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臘

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: ろう (rō)←らふ (rafu, historical)
  • Kan-on: ろう (rō)←らふ (rafu, historical)

Noun

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Kanji in this term
臘
ろう
Hyōgai
on'yomi

臘(ろう) • (rō) ←らふ (rafu)?

  1. a Buddhist ceremony held in winter on the third day of the dog
  2. the twelfth month of the lunar-solar calendar
  3. a year in Buddhism after one completes a meditation retreat

Synonyms

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Korean

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Hanja

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臘 • (rap>nap) (hangeul 랍>납, revised rap>nap, McCune–Reischauer rap>nap, Yale lap>nap)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Hán Nôm

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臘: Hán Việt readings: lạp[1][2][3]
臘: Nôm readings: chạp[1][2][3][4], chợp[3][4], láp[1], lảp, lép[1][3][4], liếp[4], lốp[1], rạp[1], rệp[1], sáp[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of lạp
  2. chữ Nôm form of chạp (“twelfth lunar month”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of chợp (“to nap”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of láp
  5. chữ Nôm form of lép (“(of seed) underdeveloped”)
  6. chữ Nôm form of liếp
  7. chữ Nôm form of lốp
  8. chữ Nôm form of rạp (“to lie flat”)
  9. chữ Nôm form of rệp (“bedbug”)
  10. chữ Nôm form of sáp (“wax”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Hồ (1976).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  • Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), “臘 LẢP”, in Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[2] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]
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