葉

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See also: 叶, 頁, and 页
葉 U+8449, 葉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8449
← 葈
[U+8448] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 葊 →
[U+844A]

葉 U+F96E, 葉
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96E
← 省
[U+F96D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 說 →
[U+F96F]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Japan

Han character[edit]

葉 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 12 (Japan), 13 (traditional Chinese) strokes, cangjie input 廿心廿木 (TPTD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹枼)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1044, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31387
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1504, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3243, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+8449

Chinese[edit]

trad. 葉
simp. 叶*

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (世) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貰 *ɦljebs, *hljebs
跇 *l̥ʰebs, *lebs
迣 *ʔljebs
世 *hljebs
泄 *lebs, *sled
枻 *lebs
詍 *lebs
靾 *lebs
袣 *lebs
抴 *lebs, *led
呭 *lebs
勩 *lebs, *libs
屜 *l̥ʰeːbs
鰈 *l̥ʰaːb, *l'eːb
渫 *zreːb, *sled
煠 *zreːb, *l̥ʰeb, *leb
喋 *rlaːb, *ʔl'eːb, *l'eːb
鞢 *rlaːb, *sleːb
殜 *l'eb, *leb, *lab
葉 *hljeb, *leb
弽 *hljeb, *hleːb
韘 *hljeb, *sleːb
枼 *leb
楪 *leb
揲 *leb, *l'eːb, *ɦljed
鍱 *leb
偞 *leb, *hleːb
蝶 *l̥ʰeːb, *l'eːb
牒 *l'eːb
蹀 *l'eːb
諜 *l'eːb
堞 *l'eːb
牃 *l'eːb
褋 *l'eːb
惵 *l'eːb
碟 *l'eːb
屧 *sleːb
屟 *sleːb
紲 *sled
齛 *sled
疶 *sled
緤 *sled
媟 *sled

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljeb, *leb): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb, “flat”).

Possibly also ideogrammic compound (會意) with 枼 (“leaf”) also acting as a semantic component.

Etymology 1[edit]

Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 葉 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 葉 (Cantonese)
  • 叶 (Wu)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lap (“leaf”). Cognate with Tibetan ལོ་མ (lo ma, “leaf”), Western Tibetan ལོབ་མ (lob ma, “leaf”), Jingpho lap (“leaf”). Related to 世 (OC *hljebs, “world”).

This is part of the word family *lVp meaning “flat”, represented by the phonetic component 枼 (OC *leb). Compare also 茶 (OC *rlaː, “tea < *leaf”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: yiap5 - surname.
Note:
  • iab8 - surname (Chaozhou, Shantou);
  • iag8 - surname (Chenghai).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 葉
    Mandarin Beijing /iɛ⁵¹/
    Harbin /iɛ⁵³/
    Tianjin /ie⁵³/
    Jinan /iə²¹/
    Qingdao /iə⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /iɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /iɛ²¹/
    Xining /i⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ie¹³/
    Lanzhou /iə¹³/
    Ürümqi /iɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /ie²¹³/
    Chengdu /ie³¹/
    Guiyang /ie²¹/
    Kunming /iɛ³¹/
    Nanjing /ieʔ⁵/
    Hefei /iɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
    Pingyao /iʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /iaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦiɪʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ɦiəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ɦiəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ji²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ie²²/
    Tunxi /ia¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ie²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /iɛʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /iap̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jip̚²/
    Nanning /jip̚²²/
    Hong Kong /jip̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sia⁴²/
    /xiɛ²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
    /hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
    Haikou (Min Nan) /iap̚³/ 姓
    /hio³³/ 訓箬
    Rime
    Character 葉
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 鹽 (155)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 與涉切
    Baxter yep
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jiᴇp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jiɛp̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/jæp̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/jiap̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/iɛp̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭɛp̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯ɛp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jip6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 葉
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ yep ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l[a]p/
    English leaf

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 葉
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 11561
    Phonetic
    component         		世
    Rime
    group         		盍
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		葉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*leb/

    Definitions[edit]

    葉

    1. leaf; petal (Classifier: 塊／块 c; 片 c)
      紅葉／红叶  ―  hóngyè  ―  red autumn leaves
    2. era; epoch
      十九世紀中後葉／十九世纪中后叶  ―  shíjiǔ shìjì zhōng hòu yè  ―  middle and late 19th century
    3. leaf-like thing
      肺葉／肺叶  ―  fèiyè  ―  lobe of the lung
      百葉窗／百叶窗  ―  bǎiyèchuāng  ―  Venetian blinds
    4. Classifier for small boats.
      一葉扁舟／一叶扁舟  ―  yī yè piānzhōu  ―  a tiny boat
    5. Alternative form of 頁／页 (“page”)
    6. a surname
      葉飛／叶飞  ―  Yè Fēi  ―  Ye Fei (Chinese military general and politician of the People's Republic of China)
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 葉子 (“leaf”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 葉
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 葉, 葉子
    Mandarin Beijing 葉子, 葉兒
    Taiwan 葉子
    Jinan 葉兒, 葉子
    Wanrong 葉子
    Xi'an 葉子, 葉葉兒
    Wuhan 葉子
    Chengdu 葉子
    Guiyang 葉子
    Guilin 葉子
    Yangzhou 葉子
    Hefei 葉子
    Singapore 葉子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 葉
    Hong Kong 葉
    Taishan 葉
    Yangjiang 葉
    Singapore (Guangfu) 葉
    Gan Nanchang 葉子
    Hakka Meixian 葉仔
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 葉仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 葉仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 葉仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 葉
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 葉仔, 葉
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 葉
    Jin Taiyuan 葉子
    Min Bei Jian'ou 箬, 箬仔
    Jianyang (Huangkeng) 箬
    Min Dong Fuzhou 箬, 箬箬
    Gutian 箬
    Pingnan 箬
    Fu'an 箬
    Ningde 箬
    Xiapu 箬
    Zherong 箬
    Shouning 箬
    Zhouning 箬
    Fuding 箬
    Matsu 箬箬
    Min Nan Xiamen 箬, 箬仔
    Quanzhou 箬
    Zhangzhou 箬
    Taipei 箬仔
    Kaohsiung 箬仔
    Taichung (Wuqi) 箬仔
    Tainan 箬仔
    Penang (Hokkien) 箬
    Singapore (Hokkien) 箬
    Manila (Hokkien) 箬
    Chaozhou 箬
    Jieyang 箬
    Singapore (Teochew) 箬
    Leizhou 箬
    Haikou 箬
    Singapore (Hainanese) 箬
    Wu Shanghai 葉子
    Shanghai (Chongming) 葉子
    Suzhou 葉子
    Danyang 葉子
    Ningbo 葉爿
    Wenzhou 葉
    Xiang Changsha 葉子
    Shuangfeng 葉子
    Descendants[edit]
    • → English: Ye, Yeh, Yip, Ip, Yap, Yeap
    • → Tagalog: Yap

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Wikipedia has articles on:

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 葉
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 書 (26)
    Final (韻) 鹽 (155)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 書涉切
    Baxter syep
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɕiᴇp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɕiɛp̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɕjæp̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɕiap̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɕiɛp̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɕĭɛp̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɕi̯ɛp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		she
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sip3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 葉
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 11557
    Phonetic
    component         		世
    Rime
    group         		盍
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		攝
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hljeb/

    Definitions[edit]

    葉

    1. (～縣) Ye County, Henan, China
    2. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Wikipedia has an article on:

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Note:
    • hiêh8 - Chaozhou;
    • hioh8 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 葉
    Mandarin Beijing /iɛ⁵¹/
    Harbin /iɛ⁵³/
    Tianjin /ie⁵³/
    Jinan /iə²¹/
    Qingdao /iə⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /iɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /iɛ²¹/
    Xining /i⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ie¹³/
    Lanzhou /iə¹³/
    Ürümqi /iɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /ie²¹³/
    Chengdu /ie³¹/
    Guiyang /ie²¹/
    Kunming /iɛ³¹/
    Nanjing /ieʔ⁵/
    Hefei /iɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
    Pingyao /iʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /iaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦiɪʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ɦiəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ɦiəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ji²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ie²²/
    Tunxi /ia¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ie²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /iɛʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /iap̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jip̚²/
    Nanning /jip̚²²/
    Hong Kong /jip̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sia⁴²/
    /xiɛ²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
    /hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
    Haikou (Min Nan) /iap̚³/ 姓
    /hio³³/ 訓箬

    Definitions[edit]

    葉

    1. (Min) Alternative form of 箬 (“leaf”)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    葉

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    葉 (ha, yō): sunlight through leaves.
    Kanji in this term
    葉
    は
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi

    /pa/ → /ɸa/ → /ha/

    From Old Japanese[1], from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Probably cognate with Old Japanese verb 生ゆ (hayu, “to sprout, to grow”) → modern 生える (haeru), and with 羽 (ha, “feather; wing”).

    Suggested in some sources as possibly cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”) from the way that both sprout and then later fall,[2] and with 刃 (ha, “blade”) from similarities in shape (cf. English blade). However, the pitch accent patterns are different; 葉 and 羽 are both unaccented, while 歯 and 刃 are both accented. This may reflect two disparate *pa roots in the ancient language.

    Cognate with Okinawan 葉 (fā).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    葉(は) • (ha)  (counter 枚)

    1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
    Synonyms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    葉
    よう
    Grade: 3
    on’yomi

    /epu/ → /efu/ → /eu/ → /yoː/

    From Middle Chinese 葉 (MC yep, “leaf”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    葉(よう) • (yō) ←えふ (efu)?

    1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
    2. a season, an age: a shorter period of time within a longer one
    3. an administration: the period of time during which a certain person holds a certain office

    Counter[edit]

    葉(よう) • (-yō) ←えふ (efu)?

    1. (rare) counter for flat, thin things such as leaves or paper
    2. (by extension) counter for small boats

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ^ 葉 entry at Gogen Yurai Jiten ("Etymology Derivation Dictionary"; in Japanese)
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Further reading[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 葉 (MC yep).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 엽〮 (Yale: yép)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 닙〮 (Yale: níp) 엽 (Yale: yep)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    葉 (eumhun 잎 엽 (ip yeop))

    1. Hanja form? of 엽 (“leaf”). [affix]
    Compounds[edit]
    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 葉 (MC syep).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 셥〮 (Yale: syép)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    葉 (eumhun 땅 이름 섭 (ttang ireum seop))

    1. Hanja form? of 섭 (“A surname.”).

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Kunigami[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    葉

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    葉(ぱー) (phā) 

    1. leaf

    Miyako[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    葉

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji pā)

    1. leaf

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    葉

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa. Cognate with mainland Japanese 葉 (ha).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    葉(ふぁー) (fā) 

    1. leaf
      クロトンぬ葉(ふぁー)や色(いる)清(じゅ)らさぬ、いくちん集(あち)みてぃ植(っゐー)らっとーん。
      Kuroton-nu fā-ya iru jurasanu, ikuchin achimiti 'wīrattōn.
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • “ふぁー【葉】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    葉: Hán Nôm readings: diệp, diếp, dợp, dớp, đẹp, giấp, giẹp, nhịp, riếp, dào

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Yaeyama[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    葉

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji pā)

    1. leaf

    Yonaguni[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    葉

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    葉 (hiragana はー, romaji hā)

    1. leaf
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