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U+8449, 葉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8449

[U+8448]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+844A]

U+F96E, 葉
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96E

[U+F96D]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F96F]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Japan

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 140, +9, 12 (Japan), 13 (traditional Chinese) strokes, cangjie input 廿心廿木 (TPTD), four-corner 44904, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1044, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31387
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1504, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3243, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+8449

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. *

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljeb, *leb): semantic (grass) + phonetic (OC *leb, flat).

Possibly also ideogrammic compound (會意) with (“leaf”) also acting as a semantic component.

Etymology 1[edit]

Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)
  • (Wu)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lap (leaf). Cognate with Tibetan ལོ་མ (lo ma, leaf), Western Tibetan ལོབ་མ (lob ma, leaf), Jingpho lap (leaf). Related to (OC *hljebs, “world”).

This is part of the word family *lVp meaning “flat”, represented by the phonetic component (OC *leb). Compare also (OC *rlaː, “tea < *leaf”).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note: yiap5 - surname.
Note:
  • iab8 - surname (Chaozhou, Shantou);
  • iag8 - surname (Chenghai).
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /iɛ⁵¹/
    Harbin /iɛ⁵³/
    Tianjin /ie⁵³/
    Jinan /iə²¹/
    Qingdao /iə⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /iɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /iɛ²¹/
    Xining /i⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ie¹³/
    Lanzhou /iə¹³/
    Ürümqi /iɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /ie²¹³/
    Chengdu /ie³¹/
    Guiyang /ie²¹/
    Kunming /iɛ³¹/
    Nanjing /ieʔ⁵/
    Hefei /iɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
    Pingyao /iʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /iaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦiɪʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ɦiəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ɦiəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ji²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ie²²/
    Tunxi /ia¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ie²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /iɛʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /iap̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jip̚²/
    Nanning /jip̚²²/
    Hong Kong /jip̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sia⁴²/
    /xiɛ²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
    /hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
    Haikou (Min Nan) /iap̚³/
    /hio³³/ 訓箬

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (36)
    Final () (155)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter yep
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /jiᴇp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /jiɛp̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /jæp̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /jiap̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /iɛp̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /jĭɛp̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /i̯ɛp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    jip6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ yep ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*l[a]p/
    English leaf

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 11561
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*leb/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. leaf; petal (Classifier: c;  c)
        ―  hóng  ―  red autumn leaves
    2. era; epoch
      十九世紀十九世纪  ―  shíjiǔ shìjì zhōng hòu   ―  middle and late 19th century
    3. leaf-like thing
        ―  fèi  ―  lobe of the lung
        ―  bǎichuāng  ―  Venetian blinds
    4. Classifier for small boats.
      扁舟扁舟  ―  piānzhōu  ―  a tiny boat
    5. Alternative form of (page)
    6. a surname
        ―  Fēi  ―  Ye Fei (Chinese military general and politician of the People's Republic of China)
    Synonyms[edit]
    Descendants[edit]
    • English: Ye, Yeh, Yip, Ip, Yap, Yeap
    • Tagalog: Yap

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Wikipedia has articles on:

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (26)
    Final () (155)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter syep
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɕiᴇp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɕiɛp̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɕjæp̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɕiap̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɕiɛp̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɕĭɛp̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ɕi̯ɛp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    she
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sip3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 11557
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*hljeb/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. () Ye County, Henan, China
    2. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Wikipedia has an article on:

    Pronunciation[edit]


    Note:
    • hiêh8 - Chaozhou;
    • hioh8 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /iɛ⁵¹/
    Harbin /iɛ⁵³/
    Tianjin /ie⁵³/
    Jinan /iə²¹/
    Qingdao /iə⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /iɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /iɛ²¹/
    Xining /i⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ie¹³/
    Lanzhou /iə¹³/
    Ürümqi /iɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /ie²¹³/
    Chengdu /ie³¹/
    Guiyang /ie²¹/
    Kunming /iɛ³¹/
    Nanjing /ieʔ⁵/
    Hefei /iɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
    Pingyao /iʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /iaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦiɪʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ɦiəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ɦiəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ji²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ie²²/
    Tunxi /ia¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ie²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /iɛʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /iap̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jip̚²/
    Nanning /jip̚²²/
    Hong Kong /jip̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sia⁴²/
    /xiɛ²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
    /hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
    Haikou (Min Nan) /iap̚³/
    /hio³³/ 訓箬

    Definitions[edit]

    1. (Min) Alternative form of (leaf)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    (ha, ): sunlight through leaves.
    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi

    /pa//ɸa//ha/

    From Old Japanese[1], from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Probably cognate with Old Japanese verb 生ゆ (hayu, to sprout, to grow) → modern 生える (haeru), and with (ha, feather; wing).

    Suggested in some sources as possibly cognate with (ha, tooth) from the way that both sprout and then later fall,[2] and with (ha, blade) from similarities in shape (cf. English blade). However, the pitch accent patterns are different; and are both unaccented, while and are both accented. This may reflect two disparate *pa roots in the ancient language.

    Cognate with Okinawan ().

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    () (ha (counter )

    1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
    Synonyms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    よう
    Grade: 3
    on’yomi

    /epu//efu//eu//yoː/

    From Middle Chinese (MC yep, “leaf”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (よう) (えふ (efu)?

    1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
    2. a season, an age: a shorter period of time within a longer one
    3. an administration: the period of time during which a certain person holds a certain office

    Counter[edit]

    (よう) (-yōえふ (efu)?

    1. (rare) counter for flat, thin things such as leaves or paper
    2. (by extension) counter for small boats

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ^ entry at Gogen Yurai Jiten ("Etymology Derivation Dictionary"; in Japanese)
    3. 3.0 3.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Further reading[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC yep).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 엽〮 (Yale: yép)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 닙〮 (Yale: níp) (Yale: yep)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (ip yeop))

    1. Hanja form? of (leaf). [affix]
    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC syep).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 셥〮 (Yale: syép)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun 이름 (ttang ireum seop))

    1. Hanja form? of (A surname.).

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Kunigami[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ぱー) (phā

    1. leaf

    Miyako[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (hiragana ぱー, romaji )

    1. leaf

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa. Cognate with mainland Japanese (ha).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ふぁー) (

    1. leaf
      クロトンぬ(ふぁー)(いる)(じゅ)らさぬ、いくちん(あち)みてぃ(っゐー)らっとーん。
      Kuroton-nu -ya iru jurasanu, ikuchin achimiti 'wīrattōn.
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • ふぁー【葉】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: diệp, diếp, dợp, dớp, đẹp, giấp, giẹp, nhịp, riếp, dào

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Yaeyama[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (hiragana ぱー, romaji )

    1. leaf

    Yonaguni[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (hiragana はー, romaji )

    1. leaf