葉

See also: 叶, 頁, and 页

葉 U+8449, 葉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8449 ← 葈 [U+8448] CJK Unified Ideographs 葊 → [U+844A]

Translingual

Han character

葉 (radical 140, 艸+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿心廿木 (TPTD), four-corner 4490₄, composition ⿱艹枼)

References

• KangXi: page 1044, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31387
• Dae Jaweon: page 1504, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3243, character 15
• Unihan data for U+8449

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Chinese

trad.		葉
simp.		叶*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (世) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貰	*ɦljebs, *hljebs
跇	*l̥ʰebs, *lebs
迣	*ʔljebs
世	*hljebs
泄	*lebs, *sled
枻	*lebs
詍	*lebs
靾	*lebs
袣	*lebs
抴	*lebs, *led
呭	*lebs
勩	*lebs, *libs
屜	*l̥ʰeːbs
鰈	*l̥ʰaːb, *l'eːb
渫	*zreːb, *sled
煠	*zreːb, *l̥ʰeb, *leb
喋	*rlaːb, *ʔl'eːb, *l'eːb
鞢	*rlaːb, *sleːb
殜	*l'eb, *leb, *lab
葉	*hljeb, *leb
弽	*hljeb, *hleːb
韘	*hljeb, *sleːb
枼	*leb
楪	*leb
揲	*leb, *l'eːb, *ɦljed
鍱	*leb
偞	*leb, *hleːb
蝶	*l̥ʰeːb, *l'eːb
牒	*l'eːb
蹀	*l'eːb
諜	*l'eːb
堞	*l'eːb
牃	*l'eːb
褋	*l'eːb
惵	*l'eːb
碟	*l'eːb
屧	*sleːb
屟	*sleːb
紲	*sled
齛	*sled
疶	*sled
緤	*sled
媟	*sled

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljeb, *leb): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb, “flat”).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lap (“leaf”). Cognate with Tibetan ལོ་མ (lo ma, “leaf”), Western Tibetan ལོབ་མ (lob ma, “leaf”), Jingpho lap (“leaf”). Related to 世 (OC *hljebs, “world”).

This is part of the word family *lVp meaning “flat”, represented by the phonetic component 枼 (OC *leb). Compare also 茶 (OC *rlaː, “tea < *leaf”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yè (ye⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): ye²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic): е (i͡ə, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): jip⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yiap⁴, yiap⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): iet⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ya̍p

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yab⁶

• Jin (Wiktionary): ieh⁴
• Min Bei (KCR): cià
• Min Dong (BUC): iĕk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ia̍p

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hiêh⁸ / hioh⁸ / iab⁸ / iag⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhiq (T5)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): ie⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yè
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
    • Wade–Giles: yeh4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yè
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (葉兒／叶儿)⁺
    • Pinyin: yèr
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋㄦ
    • Wade–Giles: yêrh4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yell
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yèr
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛɻ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ye²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ie
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛ²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic: е (i͡ə, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iə²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jip⁶
    • Yale: yihp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jip⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yib⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːp̚²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yiap⁴, yiap⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʒiap̚²¹/, /ʒiap̚³²/

Note: yiap5 - surname.

• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: iet⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: iab
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯ap̚⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iab
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯ap̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /iap̚⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ieh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /iəʔ²/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cià
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sia⁴²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieʔ⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍p
    • Tâi-lô: ia̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iap
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iap̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iap̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iap̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiêh⁸ / hioh⁸ / iab⁸ / iag⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hie̍h / hio̍h / ia̍p / ia̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieʔ⁴/, /hioʔ⁴/, /iap̚⁴/, /iak̚⁴/

Note:

• hiêh8 - Chaozhou;
• hioh8 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang;
• iab8 - surname (Chaozhou);
• iag8 - surname (Chenghai).

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: hhiq (T5)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦi̯ɪʔ¹²/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: ie⁶
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ie̞²⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 葉
Mandarin	Beijing	/iɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/iɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ie⁵³/
	Jinan	/iə²¹/
	Qingdao	/iə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/iɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/iɛ²¹/
	Xining	/i⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/iə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/iɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ie²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ie³¹/
	Guiyang	/ie²¹/
	Kunming	/iɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ieʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/iɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/iʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/iaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ji²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ie²²/
	Tunxi	/ia¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ie²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ie²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/iɛʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/iap̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jip̚²/
	Nanning	/jip̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jip̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/iap̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ieʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sia⁴²/ /xiɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/iap̚⁵/ /hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/iap̚³/ 姓 /hio³³/ 訓箬

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• Middle Chinese: /jiᴇp̚/

Rime
Character	葉
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	葉 (155)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與涉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/jæp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiap̚/
Li Rong	/iɛp̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yè

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l[a]p/

  (Zhengzhang): /*leb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	葉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yè
Middle Chinese	‹ yep ›
Old Chinese	/*l[a]p/
English	leaf
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	葉
Reading #	2/2
No.	11561
Phonetic component	世
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	葉
Old Chinese	/*leb/

Definitions

葉

1. leaf; petal
2. page of book
3. era; epoch
4. (southern Wu, Min) wing
5. (～村) Ye (a village in Likou, Qimen, Huangshan, Anhui, China)
6. A surname​.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 葉子 (“leaf”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		葉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		葉, 葉子
Mandarin	Beijing	葉子, 葉兒
	Taiwan	葉子
	Jinan	葉兒, 葉子
	Wanrong	葉子
	Xi'an	葉子, 葉葉兒
	Wuhan	葉子
	Chengdu	葉子
	Guiyang	葉子
	Yangzhou	葉子
	Hefei	葉子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	葉
	Hong Kong	葉
	Taishan	葉
	Yangjiang	葉
Gan	Nanchang	葉子
Hakka	Meixian	葉仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	葉仔
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	葉仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	葉仔
	Dongshi (Dabu)	葉
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	葉仔, 葉
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	葉
Jin	Taiyuan	葉子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	箬, 箬仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	箬, 箬箬
	Matsu	箬箬
Min Nan	Xiamen	箬
	Quanzhou	箬
	Zhangzhou	箬
	Taipei	箬仔
	Kaohsiung	箬仔
	Tainan	箬仔
	Wuqi	箬仔
	Penang (Hokkien)	箬
	Chaozhou	箬
	Haikou	箬
	Leizhou	箬
Wu	Shanghai	葉子
	Suzhou	葉子
	Wenzhou	葉
	Chongming	葉子
	Danyang	葉子
Xiang	Changsha	葉子
	Shuangfeng	葉子

Descendants

• → Tagalog: Yap

Compounds

Derived terms from 葉

• 㔩葉／㔩叶
• 一葉／一叶 (yīyè)
• 一葉知秋／一叶知秋 (yīyèzhīqiū)
• 一葉蘭／一叶兰
• 三葉松／三叶松
• 三葉蟲／三叶虫 (sānyèchóng)
• 不完全葉／不完全叶
• 中葉／中叶 (zhōngyè)
• 來葉／来叶
• 倡條冶葉／倡条冶叶
• 假葉／假叶
• 全緣葉／全缘叶
• 全裂葉／全裂叶
• 兩葉掩目／两叶掩目
• 冊葉／册叶
• 冶葉倡條／冶叶倡条
• 匏有苦葉／匏有苦叶
• 北葉門／北叶门 (Běi-Yèmén)
• 千葉／千叶 (Qiānyè)
• 南葉門／南叶门 (Nán-Yèmén)
• 卷葉蛾／卷叶蛾
• 叢生葉／丛生叶
• 合葉／合叶 (héyè)
• 大葉合歡／大叶合欢
• 大葉大學／大叶大学
• 大迦葉／大迦叶
• 嫩葉／嫩叶 (nènyè)
• 子葉／子叶 (zǐyè)
• 孢子葉／孢子叶
• 完全葉／完全叶
• 小葉／小叶
• 尖裂葉／尖裂叶
• 布葉／布叶
• 平行葉脈／平行叶脉
• 彩葉芋／彩叶芋
• 彩葉草／彩叶草
• 後葉／后叶 (hòuyè)
• 御溝流葉／御沟流叶
• 御溝題葉／御沟题叶
• 扇葉蒲葵／扇叶蒲葵
• 托葉／托叶
• 披針形葉／披针形叶
• 拈花摘葉／拈花摘叶
• 掌狀複葉／掌状复叶
• 敗葉／败叶
• 新葉／新叶 (Xīnyè)
• 有枝有葉／有枝有叶
• 有枝添葉／有枝添叶
• 木葉／木叶
• 末葉／末叶 (mòyè)
• 松葉牡丹／松叶牡丹
• 松葉蕨／松叶蕨
• 枝繁葉茂／枝繁叶茂
• 枝葉／枝叶 (zhīyè)
• 枝葉扶疏／枝叶扶疏
• 枯葉蝶／枯叶蝶
• 柔枝嫩葉／柔枝嫩叶
• 柳葉／柳叶
• 柳葉兒／柳叶儿
• 柳葉刀／柳叶刀 (liǔyèdāo)
• 柳葉描／柳叶描
• 柳葉眉／柳叶眉
• 根壯葉茂／根壮叶茂
• 根深葉茂／根深叶茂
• 桃葉歌／桃叶歌
• 桃葉渡／桃叶渡
• 桃葉珊瑚／桃叶珊瑚
• 楊葉竄兒／杨叶窜儿
• 楮葉／楮叶
• 榆葉梅／榆叶梅
• 樹葉／树叶 (shùyè)
• 正枝正葉／正枝正叶
• 添枝加葉／添枝加叶

• 添枝接葉／添枝接叶
• 牽籐帶葉／牵藤带叶
• 狂花病葉／狂花病叶
• 玉葉金枝／玉叶金枝
• 玉葉金柯／玉叶金柯
• 玉葉金花／玉叶金花
• 瓊枝玉葉／琼枝玉叶
• 瓠葉／瓠叶
• 甘薯葉／甘薯叶
• 異形葉／异形叶
• 百葉／百叶 (bǎiyè)
• 百葉捲／百叶卷
• 百葉窗／百叶窗 (bǎiyèchuāng)
• 百葉窗簾／百叶窗帘
• 百葉箱／百叶箱 (bǎiyèxiāng)
• 秋風落葉／秋风落叶
• 窮根尋葉／穷根寻叶
• 竹葉／竹叶 (zhúyè)
• 竹葉青／竹叶青
• 竹葉鰱／竹叶鲢 (zhúyèlián)
• 粗枝大葉／粗枝大叶 (cūzhīdàyè)
• 粽粑葉／粽粑叶
• 糙葉樹／糙叶树
• 紅花綠葉／红花绿叶
• 紅葉／红叶 (hóngyè)
• 紅葉之題／红叶之题
• 紅葉題詩／红叶题诗
• 細葉山茶／细叶山茶
• 綠葉／绿叶 (lǜyè)
• 綠葉成陰／绿叶成阴
• 羽狀複葉／羽状复叶
• 肺葉／肺叶 (fèiyè)
• 胚葉／胚叶
• 胡支扯葉／胡支扯叶
• 舌葉／舌叶 (shéyè)
• 舌葉音／舌叶音 (shéyèyīn)
• 苞葉／苞叶 (bāoyè)
• 茱麗葉／茱丽叶
• 茶葉／茶叶 (cháyè)
• 茶葉末／茶叶末
• 茶葉蛋／茶叶蛋 (cháyèdàn)
• 茶葉鹼／茶叶碱
• 草葉集／草叶集
• 荷葉先師／荷叶先师
• 荷葉肉／荷叶肉
• 莫辨楮葉／莫辨楮叶
• 菸葉／烟叶
• 萬葉／万叶 (wànyè)
• 落葉／落叶 (luòyè)
• 落葉松／落叶松 (luòyèsōng)
• 落葉林／落叶林
• 落葉果樹／落叶果树
• 落葉樹／落叶树 (luòyèshù)
• 落葉歸根／落叶归根 (luòyèguīgēn)
• 落葉知秋／落叶知秋
• 葉下珠／叶下珠 (yèxiàzhū)
• 葉亦克／叶亦克 (Yèyìkè)
• 葉兒／叶儿 (yèr)
• 葉公好龍／叶公好龙 (Yègōnghàolóng)
• 葉原／叶原
• 葉城／叶城 (Yèchéng)
• 葉塊繁殖／叶块繁殖
• 葉子／叶子 (yèzi)
• 葉子戲／叶子戏
• 葉子格／叶子格
• 葉子菸／叶子烟
• 葉尖／叶尖
• 葉尼塞河／叶尼塞河 (Yènísè Hé)
• 葉序／叶序
• 葉形／叶形
• 葉拱／叶拱
• 葉斑病／叶斑病
• 葉枝／叶枝

• 葉柄／叶柄 (yèbǐng)
• 葉爾羌／叶尔羌 (Yè'ěrqiāng)
• 葉爾羌河／叶尔羌河
• 葉片／叶片 (yèpiàn)
• 葉狀植物／叶状植物
• 葉狀體／叶状体
• 葉甜菜／叶甜菜 (yètiáncài)
• 葉紅素／叶红素
• 葉綠素／叶绿素 (yèlǜsù)
• 葉綠體／叶绿体 (yèlǜtǐ)
• 葉緣／叶缘
• 葉縣／叶县
• 葉肉／叶肉 (yèròu)
• 葉肥／叶肥
• 葉脈／叶脉 (yèmài)
• 葉舌／叶舌
• 葉芽／叶芽 (yèyá)
• 葉菜類／叶菜类
• 葉落歸根／叶落归根
• 葉落歸秋／叶落归秋
• 葉落知秋／叶落知秋
• 葉落糞本／叶落粪本
• 葉蜂／叶蜂 (yèfēng)
• 葉蟬／叶蝉
• 葉蠟石／叶蜡石
• 葉語／叶语
• 葉赤鐵路／叶赤铁路
• 葉跡／叶迹
• 葉軸／叶轴
• 葉輪／叶轮
• 葉酸／叶酸 (yèsuān)
• 葉鏽病／叶锈病
• 葉門／叶门 (Yèmén)
• 葉面對稱／叶面对称
• 葉面施肥／叶面施肥
• 葉鞘／叶鞘 (yèqiào)
• 葉黃素／叶黄素
• 葉齡／叶龄
• 蓮葉／莲叶 (liányè)
• 蔞葉／蒌叶 (lóuyè)
• 蕉葉／蕉叶 (jiāoyè)
• 蘋葉／苹叶
• 蘭葉描／兰叶描
• 蘭葉撇／兰叶撇
• 裸葉／裸叶
• 複葉／复叶 (fùyè)
• 觀葉植物／观叶植物
• 詞無枝葉／词无枝叶
• 貝葉／贝叶 (bèiyè)
• 貝葉書／贝叶书 (bèiyèshū)
• 貝葉樹／贝叶树 (bèiyèshù)
• 車葉草／车叶草
• 輪生葉／轮生叶
• 迦葉／迦叶
• 迦葉尊者／迦叶尊者
• 連枝分葉／连枝分叶
• 連枝帶葉／连枝带叶
• 金枝玉葉／金枝玉叶 (jīnzhīyùyè)
• 金葉／金叶
• 針形葉／针形叶
• 針葉林／针叶林 (zhēnyèlín)
• 針葉樹／针叶树 (zhēnyèshù)
• 銅葉／铜叶
• 鐵葉／铁叶
• 闊葉樹／阔叶树
• 顱頂葉／颅顶叶
• 驚閨葉／惊闺叶
• 鬥葉兒／斗叶儿
• 鬥葉子／斗叶子
• 鰓葉／鳃叶
• 麻葉皮／麻叶皮
• 黛粉葉／黛粉叶

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Yè, Shè (Ye⁴, She⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ, ㄕㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sip³
• Min Nan (POJ): Siap

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: Yè
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
    • Wade–Giles: yeh4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yeh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Yè
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, literary variant in Mainland, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: Shè
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
    • Wade–Giles: shê4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Sheh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Shè
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sip³
    • Yale: sip
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sip⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: xib³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːp̚³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siap
    • Tâi-lô: Siap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siab
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiap̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɕiᴇp̚/

Rime
Character	葉
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	葉 (155)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	書涉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjæp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiap̚/
Li Rong	/ɕiɛp̚/
Wang Li	/ɕĭɛp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ɛp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	she

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljeb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	葉
Reading #	1/2
No.	11557
Phonetic component	世
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	攝
Old Chinese	/*hljeb/

Definitions

葉

1. (～縣) Ye County, Henan, China
2. A surname​.

Compounds

• 摩訶迦葉／摩诃迦叶

• 葉公好龍／叶公好龙 (Yègōnghàolóng)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Min Bei (KCR): niò̤
• Min Dong (BUC): niŏh
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hio̍h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hiêh⁸ / hioh⁸

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• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niò̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niɔ⁴²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: niŏh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡuoʔ⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hio̍h
    • Tâi-lô: hio̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hioih
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hioʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hioʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hioʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hioʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɤʔ⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiêh⁸ / hioh⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hie̍h / hio̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieʔ⁴/, /hioʔ⁴/

Note:

• hiêh8 - Chaozhou;
• hioh8 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 葉
Mandarin	Beijing	/iɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/iɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ie⁵³/
	Jinan	/iə²¹/
	Qingdao	/iə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/iɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/iɛ²¹/
	Xining	/i⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/iə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/iɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ie²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ie³¹/
	Guiyang	/ie²¹/
	Kunming	/iɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ieʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/iɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/iʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/iaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ji²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ie²²/
	Tunxi	/ia¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ie²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ie²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/iɛʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/iap̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jip̚²/
	Nanning	/jip̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jip̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/iap̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ieʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sia⁴²/ /xiɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/iap̚⁵/ /hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/iap̚³/ 姓 /hio³³/ 訓箬

Definitions

葉

1. (Min) Alternative form of 箬 (“leaf”).

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Japanese

Kanji

葉

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←せふ (sefu, historical)}; よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←えふ (efu, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)^{←せふ (sefu, historical)}; よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←えふ (efu, historical)}
• Kun: は (ha, 葉, Jōyō)
• Nanori: よ (yo); わ (wa)

Compounds

Compounds

• 千(ち)葉(ば) (Chiba)
• 嫩(どん)葉(よう) (don'yō): young leaves
• 葉(は)月(づき) (hazuki)
• 葉(は)山(やま) (Hayama)
• 葉(よう)鞘(しょう) (yōshō): leaf sheath
• 葉(よう)肉(にく) (yōniku): mesophyll

• 葉(よう)柄(へい) (yōhei): petiole, leaf stalk
• 葉(よう)片(へん) (yōhen): lamina (flat part of a leaf)
• 葉(よう)脈(みゃく) (yōmyaku): leaf veins
• 葉(よう)緑(りょく)素(そ) (yōryokuso): chlorophyll
• 葉(よう)緑(りょく)体(たい) (yōryokutai): chloroplast
• 和(かず)葉(は) (Kazuha)
• 一(かず)葉(は) (Kazuha)
• 円(かず)葉(は) (Kazuha)

Etymology 1

葉 (ha, yō): sunlight through leaves.

Kanji in this term
葉
は Grade: 3
kun’yomi

/pa/ → /ɸa/ → /ha/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Probably cognate with Old Japanese verb 生ゆ (hayu, “to sprout, to grow”) → modern 生える (haeru), and with 羽 (ha, “feather; wing”). Probably also cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”) from the way that both sprout and then later fall, and with 刃 (ha, “blade”) from similarities in shape. Compare English blade.

Cognate with Okinawan 葉 (fā).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) は [hà] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ha̠]

Noun

葉(は) • (ha)  (counter 枚)

1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)

Synonyms

• 葉(は)っぱ (happa)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
葉
よう Grade: 3
on’yomi

/epu/ → /efu/ → /eu/ → /yoː/

From Middle Chinese 葉 (MC jiᴇp̚, “leaf”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) よ​ー [yóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

Noun

葉(よう) • (yō)  (historical kana えふ)

1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
2. a season, an age: a shorter period of time within a longer one
3. an administration: the period of time during which a certain person holds a certain office

Counter

葉(よう) • (-yō)  (historical kana えふ)

1. (rare) counter for flat, thin things such as leaves or paper
2. (by extension) counter for small boats

Further reading

• Entry at Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese)

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Korean

Hanja

葉 (eumhun 잎 엽 (ip yeop))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

葉 (eumhun 땅 이름 섭 (ttang ireum seop))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

葉 (eumhun 책 접 (chaek jeop))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Kunigami

Kanji

葉

• Kun: ぱー (phā)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pʰaː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji phā)

1. leaf

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Miyako

Kanji

葉

• Kun: ぱー (pā)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji pā)

1. leaf

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Okinawan

Kanji

葉

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: ふぁー (fā, 葉)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa. Cognate with mainland Japanese 葉 (ha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɸaː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana ふぁー, rōmaji fā)

1. leaf

   クロトンぬ葉(ふぁー)や色(いる)清(じゅ)らさぬ、いくちん集(あち)みてぃ植(っゐー)らっとーん。

   Kuroton-nu fā-ya iru jurasanu, ikuchin achimiti 'wīrattōn.

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

Derived terms

• 言葉 (くとぅば, kutuba)
• 島言葉 (しまくとぅば, shimakutuba)

References

• “ふぁー【葉】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
• “ファー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.

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Vietnamese

Han character

葉 (diệp, diếp, dợp, dớp, đẹp, giấp, giẹp, nhịp, riếp, dào)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Yaeyama

Kanji

葉

• Kun: ぱー (pā)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji pā)

1. leaf

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Yonaguni

Kanji

葉

• Kun: はー (hā)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /haː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana はー, romaji hā)

1. leaf