克

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See also: 剋
克 U+514B, 克
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-514B
← 兊
[U+514A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兌 →
[U+514C]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Stroke order
7 strokes

克 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十口竹山 (JRHU), four-corner 40216, composition ⿱古儿 or ⿱十兄)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 124, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1355
  • Dae Jaweon: page 263, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 269, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+514B

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 克
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j16985

j16986

j16987

j16988

j16989

j16990

j16991

j16992

j16993

j16994

j16995

j16996

j16997

j16998

j16999

j17000

j17001

j17002

j17003

j17004

j17005

j17006

j17007

j17008

j17009

j17010

j17011

j17012

j17013

j17014

j17015

j17016

j17017

j17018

Bronze inscriptions

b10909

b10910

b10911

b10912

b10913

b10914

b10915

b10916

b10917

b10918

b10919

b10920

b10921

b10922

b10923

b10924

b10925

b10926

b10927

b10928

b10929

b10930

b10931

b10932

b10933

b10934

b10935

b10936

b10937

b10938

Small seal script

s04991

Transcribed ancient scripts

L38195

L38196

L38197

L38198

L38199

L27880

L27881

L27882

L27883

L27884

L27885

L27886

L27887

L27888

L27889

L27890

L27891

L27892

L27893

L27894

L27895

L27896

L27897

L27898

L27899

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (克) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
克 *kʰɯːɡ
剋 *kʰɯːɡ
勊 *kʰɯːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): a battle helmet 由 and a pelt 皮 – "to defeat; to vanquish". Alternatively, pictogram (象形): a person 卩 carrying something 由 over their shoulders – "to shoulder; to be competent".

Also Simplified from 剋.

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 克
“gram”
Short for 克蘭姆／克兰姆, from French gramme.
Tibetan measuring vessel, Tibetan volume unit, Tibetan area unit
From Tibetan ཁལ (khal).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 克
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 登 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦得切
Baxter khok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰək̚/
Li
Rong 		/kʰək̚/
Wang
Li 		/kʰək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ke
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 克
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰˁək/
English carry; able; dominate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 克
Reading # 1/1
No. 7480
Phonetic
component 		克
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		刻
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰɯːɡ/
Notes 甲金文象人首頂物回手叉腰示勝任，
轉註爲勊

Definitions[edit]

克

  1. (literary) to be able to
    克勤克儉／克勤克俭  ―  kèqínkèjiǎn  ―  hardworking and thrifty
  2. to defeat; to vanquish; to conquer
    Synonyms: 剋, 戰勝／战胜 (zhànshèng)
    克敵／克敌  ―  kèdí  ―  to defeat the enemy
  3. to subdue; to restrain
    克制  ―  kèzhì  ―  to restrain
  4. to digest
    克食  ―  kèshí  ―  to aid digestion
  5. to set (a time limit)
    克日  ―  kèrì  ―  to set a date
  6. (dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of 去.
  7. gram (g)
    1市兩等於50克。／1市两等于50克。  ―  1 shìliǎng děngyú 50 kè.  ―  1 market tael is equivalent to 50 grams.
  8. a Tibetan unit of volume or dry measure
  9. a Tibetan unit of land area
See also[edit]
Usage notes[edit]

It is commonly used to transcribe the /k/ sound in words of foreign languages not immediately followed by a vowel, e.g. 傑克／杰克 (Jiékè, “Jack”), 法蘭克福／法兰克福 (Fǎlánkèfú, “Frankfurt”), 克羅地亞／克罗地亚 (Kèluódìyà, “Croatia”), etc..

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

克 (Hokkien)

  1. to bear; to endure
  2. Alternative form of 𣁳 (khat)

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 克 – see 剋 (“to defeat; to vanquish; to overcome; to prevail; to surmount; to subdue; to overthrow; etc.”).
(This character, 克, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 剋.)
Notes:

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

克

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to overcome, to subdue (addiction, disease)
  2. to restrain (oneself)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

克 (eumhun 이길 극 (igil geuk))

  1. Hanja form? of 극 (“to win; to beat; able; competent”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

克: Hán Nôm readings: khắc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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