佇

See also: 伫 and 仃

佇 U+4F47, 佇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F47 ← 但 [U+4F46] CJK Unified Ideographs 佈 → [U+4F48]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

佇 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人十一弓 (OJMN), four-corner 2322₁, composition ⿰亻宁)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 97, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 496
• Dae Jaweon: page 206, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 139, character 2
• Unihan data for U+4F47

Chinese

trad.		佇
simp.		伫
alternative forms		竚 𡀐 𥩽 貯／贮 在 Min Nan 竚 𡀐 𥩽 貯／贮 在 Min Nan 置 Min Nan 㑏 erroneous

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 佇
Small seal script s05926 Transcribed ancient scripts L14451
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (宁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貯	*taʔ
詝	*taʔ
柠	*tʰaʔ
宁	*da, *daʔ
佇	*daʔ
竚	*daʔ
苧	*daʔ
紵	*daʔ
羜	*daʔ
眝	*daʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daʔ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ta-t (“to put; to place”). Cognate with 著 (OC *tas, *taɡ, *daɡ), 署 (OC *djas) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhù (zhu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cyu⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): cui⁴

• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): du³
• Eastern Min (BUC): tṳ̄
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tī / tū / tǐr / tīr / tǐ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): diu⁶ / diu²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶zy

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
    • Wade–Giles: chu⁴
    • Yale: jù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
    • Palladius: чжу (čžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cyu⁵
    • Yale: chyúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsy⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: qu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyː¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: cui⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰui²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: du³
    • Sinological IPA: /tu³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰy³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tī
    • Tâi-lô: tī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: di
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /ti³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen, Singapore): /ti²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tū
    • Tâi-lô: tū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: du
    • IPA (Taipei): /tu³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tu²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǐr
    • Tâi-lô: tǐr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɯ²²/
    • IPA (Lukang): /tɨ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tīr
    • Tâi-lô: tīr
    • IPA (Singapore): /tɯ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǐ
    • Tâi-lô: tǐ
    • IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /ti³³/

Note:

• Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
  • tī - vernacular;
  • tū - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: diu⁶ / diu²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiŭ / tiú
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiu³⁵/, /tiu⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶zy
    • MiniDict: zy^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: drjoX

Rime
Character	佇
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直吕切
Baxter	drjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/ȡiɔX/
Wang Li	/ȡĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*daʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	佇
Reading #	1/1
No.	17633
Phonetic component	宁
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*daʔ/

Definitions

佇

1. (literary) to stand (for a long time)
2. ^† to stop; to stay (for a long time)
3. ^† to wait; to hope for; to look forward to
4. ^† to store; to accumulate
5. (Hokkien) to be at; to be in; to be located
6. (Hokkien) (located) in; at
7. (Hokkien) during; in

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 在 (“at, in”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		於
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		在
Mandarin	Beijing	在, 挨, 跟, 的
	Taiwan	在
	Harbin	在
	Jinan	在, 從
	Wanrong	在
	Xi'an	在
	Ürümqi	在
	Wuhan	在
	Chengdu	在
	Guiyang	在
	Guilin	在
	Liuzhou	在
	Yangzhou	在
	Nanjing	在
	Hefei	在
	Malaysia	在
	Singapore	在
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	在
Cantonese	Guangzhou	喺, 響
	Hong Kong	喺, 響
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	喺, 在
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	喺, 響
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	在
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	在
	Macau	喺
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	喺, 響
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	響, 喺
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	在
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	在
	Foshan	喺, 響
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	喺, 響
	Foshan (Shunde)	喺
	Foshan (Sanshui)	喺
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	喺, 響
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	在
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	在
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	響, 揀
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	揀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	喺
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	喺
	Taishan	到, 響
	Kaiping (Chikan)	到, 響
	Enping (Niujiang)	到, 響
	Heshan (Yayao)	響
	Dongguan	響, 在, 喺
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	在
	Yangjiang	在
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	喺, 響
	Singapore (Guangfu)	喺
Gan	Nanchang	在
	Lichuan	在
	Pingxiang	在
Hakka	Meixian	嗨
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	在
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	在
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	在
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	在
	Conghua (Lütian)	在
	Yudu	在
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	在
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	在
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	在
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	在
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	在
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	在
	Hong Kong	在
	Senai (Huiyang)	在
	Kuching (Hepo)	在
	Singapore (Dabu)	在
Jin	Taiyuan	在
	Xinzhou	在
Northern Min	Jian'ou	到
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	著, 在, 洽
	Fuqing	著, 洽
	Singapore (Fuqing)	著
Southern Min	Xiamen	佇, 踮, 蹛
	Quanzhou	佇, 踮, 蹛
	Zhangzhou	佇, 咧, 蹛
	Zhao'an	佇, 蹛
	Taipei	佇
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	佇
	Kaohsiung	佇
	Yilan	佇
	Changhua (Lukang)	佇
	Taichung	佇
	Tainan	佇, 踮, 蹛
	Hsinchu	佇
	Kinmen	佇
	Penghu (Magong)	佇
	Penang (Hokkien)	佇, 蹛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	佇, 壏
	Manila (Hokkien)	佇, 踮
	Chaozhou	在
	Shantou	在
	Shantou (Chenghai)	在
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	在
	Jieyang	在, 壏, 放
	Haifeng	著
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	在
	Singapore (Teochew)	在, 壏
	Leizhou	佇, 放
	Wenchang	佇
	Singapore (Hainanese)	佇
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	在
Wu	Shanghai	辣, 辣辣, 辣海, 辣該
	Suzhou	勒
	Danyang	在
	Hangzhou	勒, 勒哈, 在
	Ningbo	來, 來勒, 來的, 來東, 來當, 來該
	Wenzhou	是
Xiang	Changsha	在
	Loudi	在
	Shuangfeng	在

Compounds

• 企佇
• 企佇之心
• 佇候 (zhùhòu)
• 佇候佳音
• 佇咧
• 佇眙
• 佇立 (zhùlì)
• 佇結之情／伫结之情
• 佇苦停辛
• 佇足
• 倚門佇望／倚门伫望
• 停辛佇苦
• 凝佇
• 延佇
• 欽佇／钦伫
• 盈盈佇立
• 躊佇／踌伫
• 鶴立企佇／鹤立企伫

 

Further reading

• “Entry #2871”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
• “(#)”, in 臺灣閩南語按呢寫‎^[1], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2013.

Japanese

Kanji

佇

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. to stand (for a while)

Readings

• Go-on: じょ (jo)^{←ぢよ (dyo, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょ (cho)^{←ちよ (tyo, historical)}
• Kun: たたずむ (tatazumu, 佇む)

Compounds

• 佇(ちょ)立(りつ) (choritsu)
• 佇(ちょ)立(りゅう) (choryū)
• 延(えん)佇(ちょ) (encho)

 

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 佇 (MC drjoX).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹]
• Phonetic hangul: [저]

Hanja

Wikisource

佇 (eumhun 우두커니 설 저 (udukeoni seol jeo))

1. to stand (for a while)
2. to stay
3. to wait for
4. to store; to accumulate

Compounds

• 저견 (佇見, jeogyeon)
• 저권 (佇眷, jeogwon)
• 저념 (佇念, jeonyeom)
• 저대 (佇待, jeodae)
• 저립 (佇立, jeorip)
• 저면 (佇眄, jeomyeon)
• 저사 (佇思, jeosa)
• 저상 (佇想, jeosang)
• 근저 (勤佇, geunjeo)

 

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 佇

Vietnamese

Han character

佇: Hán Nôm readings: giữ, trữ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation