苧

See also: 苎, 薴, and 柠

苧 U+82E7, 苧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82E7 ← 苦 [U+82E6] CJK Unified Ideographs 苨 → [U+82E8]

Translingual

Han character

苧 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十一弓 (TJMN) or 難廿十一弓 (XTJMN), four-corner 4420₁, composition ⿱艹宁)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30798
• Dae Jaweon: page 1483, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3196, character 4
• Unihan data for U+82E7

Chinese

Etymology 1

Glyph origin

Simplified from 薴 (寧 → 宁).

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 苧 – see 薴 (“disorderly; messy; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 薴).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 2

trad.		苧
simp.		苎
alternative forms		紵／纻

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (宁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貯	*taʔ
詝	*taʔ
柠	*tʰaʔ
宁	*da, *daʔ
佇	*daʔ
竚	*daʔ
苧	*daʔ
紵	*daʔ
羜	*daʔ
眝	*daʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daʔ): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhù (zhu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cyu⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhû

  (Hailu, HRS): chu^ˋ

  (Changting, Changting Pinyin): chu¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): dâe̤
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): doe⁵ / de⁵ / dyor⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tē / tōe / thú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): diu⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
    • Wade–Giles: chu⁴
    • Yale: jù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
    • Palladius: чжу (čžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cyu⁵
    • Yale: chyúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsy⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: qu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyː¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhû
    • Hakka Romanization System: cu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: chu^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰu⁵³/
  • (Changting)
    • Changting Pinyin: chu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰu³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dâe̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: doe⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dē̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tø¹¹/
  • (Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: doe⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tœ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: doe⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tø²¹/
  • (Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: de⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /te²¹/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dyor⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: diō̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyɒ¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē
    • Tâi-lô: tē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: de
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /te³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōe
    • Tâi-lô: tuē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doe
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tue³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thú
    • Tâi-lô: thú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tuo
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰu⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰu⁵³/

Note:

• tē/tōe - vernacular;
• thú - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: diu⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiŭ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiu³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: drjoX

Rime
Character	苧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直吕切
Baxter	drjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/ȡiɔX/
Wang Li	/ȡĭoX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*daʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苧
Reading #	1/1
No.	17635
Phonetic component	宁
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*daʔ/
Notes	同芧又爲紵後起字

Definitions

苧

1. ramie (Boehmeria nivea)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 苧麻 (“ramie”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		苧麻
Taxonomic name		苧麻
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	苧麻
	Harbin	苧麻
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	麻
	Xi'an	苧麻
	Xining	苧麻
	Xuzhou	苧麻
Southwestern Mandarin	Liuzhou	青麻, 元麻
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	苧麻
	Yangzhou	剝皮麻
Cantonese	Guangzhou	白麻
	Dongguan	苧麻
	Nanning	苧麻
Gan	Lichuan	苧麻
	Pingxiang	苧麻
Hakka	Meixian	苧麻, 苧仔
	Yudu	苧麻
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	苧仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	苧仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	苧仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	苧, 苧麻
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	苧
Huizhou	Jixi	苧麻
Jin	Taiyuan	苧麻
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	苧
Southern Min	Xiamen	苧仔
	Jinjiang	苧仔
	Zhao'an	苧仔
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	苧仔
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	苧仔
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	苧仔
	Yilan (Luodong)	苧仔
	Yilan (Toucheng)	苧仔
	Tainan (Anping)	苧仔
	Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)	苧仔
	Shantou	麻苧
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	苧麻
Wu	Shanghai	苧麻
	Danyang	大麻
	Hangzhou	苧麻
	Ningbo	苧麻
	Wenzhou	苧
	Jinhua	青麻
Xiang	Loudi	苧麻

Compounds

• 白苧
• 績麻拈苧 / 绩麻拈苎
• 苧麻 (zhùmá)
• 麻苧

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 苧 – see 芧. (This character is a variant form of 芧).

References

• “苧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “苎（～麻）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 139.
• 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “苎”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 85.

Japanese

Kanji

苧

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じょ (jo)^{←ぢよ (dyo, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょ (cho)^{←ちよ (tyo, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ま (ma)
• Kun: お (o, 苧)^{←を (wo, 苧, historical)}、むし (mushi)、からむし (karamushi, 苧)、からんし (karanshi, 苧)、こるむし (korumushi, 苧)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
苧
お Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
麻

/wo/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o̞]

Noun

苧(お) • (o) ^{←を (wo)?}

1. synonym of 麻 (asa, “hemp”) or synonym of 苧 (karamushi, “ramie”)
   • c. 918, 深根輔仁 [Fukane Sukehito], 本草和名 [Japanese Names of Herbs, Honzō Wamyō]:

     苧根 山苧_{相似、不入用}和名乎乃祢

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. thread made from the outer husk of the stems of hemp or ramie
3. a textile made from this thread

Derived terms

• 苧(お)桶(おけ) (ōke): a tub or basin in which the collected hemp or ramie fibers are placed
• 桶(おけ) (oke): a tub or basin
• 苧環(オダマキ) (odamaki)
• 苧(お)の実(み)油(あぶら) (onomiabura): oil from the hemp or ramie seed
• 苧(お)引(ひ)き, 苧(お)引(ひき) (ohiki): the process of pulling the hemp or ramie fibers from the husk
• 苧(お)屋(や) (oya): a shop or store selling ramie

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
苧
むし Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
枲 (rare) 帔 (rare)

From Old Japanese. Possibly the original name for the plant, or for the fiber from this plant.

Compare Korean 모시 (mosi, “ramie cloth; ramie plant”), Ainu モセ (mose), ムセ (muse, “nettle plant; bast fiber in general”). Alexander Vovin believes that the Old Japanese word was borrowed from Korean. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ɕi]

Noun

苧(むし) • (mushi) 

1. (obsolete) synonym of 苧 (karamushi, “the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea var. nipononivea”)
2. short for 虫の垂れ衣 (mushi no tareginu, “a kind of veil made of ramie and worn from the brim of a hat by women from the Heian period through the Kamakura period”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
苧
からむし Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
苧麻 紵 (rare) 枲 (rare) 葈 (rare)

Appears to be a compound of 殻 (kara, “husk”) +‎ 苧 (mushi, “ramie fiber”).

Some sources suggest that the mushi component derives from 蒸し (mushi, “steaming”), from verb 蒸す (musu, “to steam something; to be steamy or muggy”). However, ramie is not processed using steam, so these are more likely to be folk etymologies.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) からむし [kàráꜜmùshì] (Nakadaka – [2])
• (Tokyo) からむし [kàrámúshí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾa̠mɯ̟ɕi]

Noun

苧(からむし) • (karamushi) 

1. the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea (syn. Boehmeria nipononivea)

   Synonyms: 草真麻 (kusamao), 苧麻 (choma), 真麻 (mao), 苧 (mushi), 山麻 (yamaso)

2. a thread made from the fibers of this plant
3. a textile made from this thread
   • circa 800, Hiroshi Tsukishima, Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi, Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN, page 47:

     蒭麻衣 加良牟斯衣

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• 苧(からむし)頭(ず)巾(きん) (karamushi zukin): a 頭巾 (zukin, “headcloth, bandana”) made from ramie

References

• Boehmeria at The Plant List

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
苧
からんし Hyōgai
kun'yomi

/karamuɕi/ → /karanɕi/

Alteration from karamushi. Rare and obsolete reading.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾã̠ɰ̃ɕi]

Noun

苧(からんし) • (karanshi) 

1. (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant
2. (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant
3. (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
苧
こるむし Hyōgai
kun'yomi

/karamuɕi/ → /korumuɕi/

Alteration from karamushi. Rare and obsolete reading.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ɾɯ̟mɯ̟ɕi]

Noun

苧(こるむし) • (korumushi) 

1. (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant
2. (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant
3. (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread
   • circa 800, Hiroshi Tsukishima, Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi, Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN, page 47:

     纎麻衣 古流牟斯衣

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
苧
ま Hyōgai
kan'yōon

Alternative spelling
麻

From Middle Chinese 薴 (MC nreang), but read with the on'yomi from 麻 (ma, “hemp”). Compare modern Mandarin 苧 (zhù), 麻 (má).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ma̠]

Affix

苧(ま) • (ma) 

1. the ramie or hemp plant or fiber

Derived terms

• 苧(ま)物(もの) (mamono): a rope or line made of hemp or ramie fiber
• 苧(ま)麻(お) (mao): ramie; a kind of thread made from ramie; (slang) adultery

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
苧
ちょ Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 薴 (MC nreang). Compare modern Mandarin 苧 (zhù).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞]

Affix

苧(ちょ) • (cho) 

1. the ramie or hemp plant or fiber

Derived terms

• 苧(ちょ)麻(ま) (choma): hemp or ramie

References

• Fukane no Sukehito (c. 901–923), Maruyama Yumiko, Wu Qian, editors, Honzō Wamyō: Eiin, Honkoku to Kenkyū) (in Japanese), Kyūko Shoin, published 2021, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

苧 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

苧: Hán Nôm readings: trữ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.