雖然

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See also: 虽然

Chinese[edit]

although; even though
 
so; thus; like this
so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (雖然) 雖 然
simp. (虽然) 虽 然

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: sui1 riêng5 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 雖 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 脂 (16) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 息遺切 如延切
Baxter swij nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siuɪ/ /ȵiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sʷi/ /ȵiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjuɪ/ /ȵʑjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/swi/ /ȵian/
Li
Rong 		/sui/ /ȵiɛn/
Wang
Li 		/swi/ /ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/swi/ /ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		suī rán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		seoi1 jin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 雖 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		suī rán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ swij › ‹ nyen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-qʷij/ /*[n]a[n]/
English although; even if so, thus; (adv suffix)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 雖 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 12844 10756
Phonetic
component 		唯 肰
Rime
group 		脂 元
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		綏 然
Old
Chinese 		/*sqʰʷi/ /*njen/

Conjunction[edit]

雖然

  1. although
    雖然我沒有車，但是我需要學習如何開車。 [MSC, trad.]
    虽然我没有车，但是我需要学习如何开车。 [MSC, simp.]
    Suīrán wǒ méiyǒu chē, dànshì wǒ xūyào xuéxí rúhé kāichē. [Pinyin]
    Although I don't have a car, I need to learn how to drive.
    王秀英雖然考了第一，但是她一點也不驕傲。 [MSC, trad.]
    王秀英虽然考了第一，但是她一点也不骄傲。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wáng Xiùyīng suīrán kǎo le dìyī, dànshì tā yīdiǎn yě bù jiāo'ào. [Pinyin]
    Although Wang Xiuying scored first in the exam, she was not at all arrogant about it.
    豆汁雖然難喝，但是它有具有養胃、解毒、清火的功效。 [MSC, trad.]
    豆汁虽然难喝，但是它有具有养胃、解毒、清火的功效。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dòuzhī suīrán nán hē, dànshì tā yǒu jùyǒu yǎngwèi, jiědú, qīnghuǒ de gōngxiào. [Pinyin]
    Although douzhi is difficult to drink, it can nourish the stomach, and relieve internal heat and inflammation.
  2. (Classical) although so; despite this; nevertheless; that being said

Usage notes[edit]

Unlike in English, in Chinese it is customary for 雖然／虽然 (suīrán, “although”) to be followed by 但是 (dànshì, “but; however”).

Synonyms[edit]

  • (although):
Dialectal synonyms of 雖然 (“although”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 雖
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 雖然, 雖則, 雖說
Mandarin Beijing 雖然
Taiwan 雖然
Harbin 雖說
Luoyang 雖說
Xi'an 雖說
Chengdu 雖然, 雖說
Yangzhou 雖說
Singapore 雖然
Cantonese Guangzhou 雖然, 雖則
Hong Kong 雖然, 雖則
Taishan 雖然
Singapore (Guangfu) 雖然
Gan Nanchang 雖話
Hakka Meixian 雖然
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 雖然
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 雖然
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 雖然
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 雖然
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 雖然
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 雖然
Huizhou Jixi 雖則其然
Eastern Min Fuzhou 雖然
Southern Min Xiamen 雖然, 雖罔, 雖講
Quanzhou 雖然
Zhangzhou 雖然, 雖罔
Tainan 雖然, 雖罔
Singapore (Hokkien) 雖然
Manila (Hokkien) 雖然
Jieyang 名呾
Singapore (Teochew) 雖然
Wu Shanghai 雖然, 雖則
Shanghai (Chongming) 雖則
Ningbo 雖則
Xiang Changsha 雖然得, 雖然得是

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (雖然):
  • → Vietnamese: tuy nhiên (雖然)
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