英
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
英 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿中月大 (TLBK), four-corner 44530, composition ⿱艹央)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1024, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30808
- Dae Jaweon: page 1484, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3192, character 1
- Unihan data for U+82F1
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 英 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 英 | |
| alternative forms | 偀 ancient | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 鴦 | *qaːŋ, *qaŋ |
| 佒 | *qaːŋ |
| 咉 | *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ |
| 眏 | *qaːŋ |
| 姎 | *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ |
| 坱 | *qaːŋʔ |
| 映 | *qaːŋʔ, *qraŋs |
| 泱 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋ |
| 盎 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs |
| 駚 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋʔ |
| 軮 | *qaːŋʔ |
| 醠 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs |
| 央 | *qaŋ |
| 秧 | *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ |
| 殃 | *qaŋ |
| 鞅 | *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs |
| 鉠 | *qaŋ, *qraŋ |
| 雵 | *qaŋ |
| 胦 | *qaŋ, *qroːŋ |
| 柍 | *qaŋʔ |
| 詇 | *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs, *qraŋs |
| 岟 | *qaŋʔ |
| 炴 | *qaŋʔ |
| 怏 | *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs |
| 紻 | *qaŋʔ |
| 英 | *qraŋ |
| 瑛 | *qraŋ |
| 霙 | *qraŋ |
| 韺 | *qraŋ |
| 媖 | *qraŋ |
| 渶 | *qraŋ |
| 鶧 | *qraŋ |
| 楧 | *qraŋ |
| 暎 | *qraŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qraŋ): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ).
Etymology[edit]
Uncertain, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan & related to Mizo ân (“to open the mouth to receive food, to open to”) and âng (“to open (mouth), to gape with open mouth”), thus 英 (OC *qraŋ) evokes the mental image of an opening flower (Schuessler, 2007).
Besides, Schuessler points to Mizo êng (“light”) and Mizo ên (“to shine, to give light, bright, brilliant”) as well as notes Bahnar à:ŋ (“light”) (which is from Proto-Mon-Khmer *cʔaiŋ (“light, to shine”)), though he suggests that these Austroasiatic and Mizo items may be related to 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow”) instead (ibid.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
英
- (literary) flower; blossom
- 彼其之子，美如英。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Bǐjì zhīzǐ, měi rú yīng. [Pinyin]
- That one is as beautiful as a flower.
- 忽逢桃花林，夾岸數百步，中無雜樹，芳草鮮美，落英繽紛。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 421, Tao Yuanming, 桃花源記 (The Peach Blossom Spring)
- Hū féng táohuā lín, jiā àn shù bǎi bù, zhōng wú zá shù, fāngcǎo xiānměi, luò yīng bīnfēn. [Pinyin]
- Suddenly, he came upon a forest of peach blossoms stretching for several hundred paces along both banks of the waterway. There were no stray trees mixed among them. There was a fresh and pleasing scent of fragrant grass. Fallen peach blossoms were scattered about in abundance.
忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (of a person) outstanding
- fine; excellent
- 英名 ― yīngmíng ― illustrious name
- (literary) finest part; quintessence
- hero; outstanding person
- 群英 ― qúnyīng ― ensemble of talents
- Short for 英國／英国 (Yīngguó, “Britain”).
- 英軍／英军 ― yīngjūn ― British Armed Forces
- (obsolete) panache on a lance
- 二矛重英 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Érmáo chóng yīng [Pinyin]
- The two lances' panaches flourished doubly
- a surname
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 英
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
英
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: よう (yō)
- Kan-on: えい (ei, Jōyō); え (e)
- Kun: はなぶさ (hanabusa, 英); はな (hana, 英); ひいでる (hīderu, 英でる)
- Nanori: ひで (hide)
Etymology[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 英 |
| えい Grade: 4 |
| kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 英 (MC ʔˠiæŋ).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- Short for 英吉利 (Igirisu, “United Kingdom”).
Affix[edit]
- Short for 英吉利 (Igirisu, “United Kingdom”).
- Short for 英語 (eigo, “English (language)”).
- outstanding; outstanding person
- flower; calyx
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 英 (MC ʔˠiæŋ).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅙᅧᇰ (Yale: qyèng) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 곳부리 (Yale: kwòspwùlì) | 여ᇰ (Yale: yèng) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [영]
Hanja[edit]
英 (eumhun 꽃부리 영 (kkotburi yeong))
- Hanja form? of 영 (“the UK, Great Britain (in compounds, in news media)”).
- Hanja form? of 영 (“petal”). [affix]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Proper noun[edit]
| Hanja in this term |
|---|
| 英 |
- (in headlines) Short for 英國 (Yeongguk, “the United Kingdom”).
Usage notes[edit]
In news headlines, this is often written in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
英: Hán Việt readings: anh
英: Nôm readings: anh, yêng
Noun[edit]
- Nôm form of anh (“older brother”).
References[edit]
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