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英

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
英 U+82F1, 英
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82F1
← 苰
[U+82F0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 苲 →
[U+82F2]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

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英 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿中月大 (TLBK), four-corner 44530, composition ⿱艹央)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30808
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1484, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3192, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+82F1

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (央) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鴦 *qaːŋ, *qaŋ
佒 *qaːŋ
咉 *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ
眏 *qaːŋ
姎 *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ
坱 *qaːŋʔ
映 *qaːŋʔ, *qraŋs
泱 *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋ
盎 *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs
駚 *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋʔ
軮 *qaːŋʔ
醠 *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs
央 *qaŋ
秧 *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ
殃 *qaŋ
鞅 *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs
鉠 *qaŋ, *qraŋ
雵 *qaŋ
胦 *qaŋ, *qroːŋ
柍 *qaŋʔ
詇 *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs, *qraŋs
岟 *qaŋʔ
炴 *qaŋʔ
怏 *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs
紻 *qaŋʔ
英 *qraŋ
瑛 *qraŋ
霙 *qraŋ
韺 *qraŋ
媖 *qraŋ
渶 *qraŋ
鶧 *qraŋ
楧 *qraŋ
暎 *qraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qraŋ): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ).

Etymology 1

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trad. 英
simp. # 英
alternative forms 偀 ancient

Uncertain. There are several possibilities:

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • iaⁿ - vernacular;
  • eng - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 英
Mandarin Beijing /iŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /iŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /iŋ²¹/
Jinan /iŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /iŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /iŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /iŋ²¹/
Xining /iə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /iŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /iŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /in⁵⁵/
Chengdu /in⁵⁵/
Guiyang /in⁵⁵/
Kunming /ĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /in³¹/
Hefei /in²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /iŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /iŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /in⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔin³³/
Wenzhou /j̠aŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /iɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /in³³/
Xiangtan /in³³/
Gan Nanchang /in⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /in⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /in²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ⁵³/
Nanning /jeŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /eiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /eŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /eŋ²³/
Rime
Character 英
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於驚切
Baxter 'jaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔiajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiɐŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ĭɐŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 英
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjæng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔ<r>aŋ/
English young grass plants

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 英
Reading # 1/1
No. 14510
Phonetic
component 		央
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		霙
Old
Chinese 		/*qraŋ/

Definitions

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英

  1. (literary) flower; blossom
  2. (of a person) outstanding
    英才  ―  yīngcái  ―  person of outstanding ability
    英姿  ―  yīngzī  ―  heroic bearing
  3. fine; excellent
    英名  ―  yīngmíng  ―  illustrious name
  4. (literary) finest part; quintessence
    含英咀華／含英咀华  ―  hányīngjǔhuá  ―  to savour the merits of a literary work
  5. hero; outstanding person
    群英  ―  qúnyīng  ―  ensemble of talents
  6. (obsolete) panache on a lance
  7. a surname, Ying
    英布  ―  Yīng Bù  ―  Ying Bu (warlord and vassal king who lived in the early Han dynasty)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 英
simp. # 英
alternative forms 𠸄

Short form of 英吉利 (Yīngjílì, “England”) or 英格蘭 / 英格兰 (Yīnggélán, “England”).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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英

  1. (short form) short for 英國 / 英国 (Yīngguó), Britain, United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe), British
    英軍／英军  ―  yīngjūn  ―  British Armed Forces
    英制  ―  yīngzhì  ―  imperial system of measurement
  2. short for 英格蘭 / 英格兰 (Yīnggélán), England, English
    英寸  ―  yīngcùn  ―  English inch
  3. (short form) (short form) short for 英語 / 英语 (Yīngyǔ), English (Germanic language)
    中英數／中英数 [Cantonese]  ―  zung1 jing1 sou3 [Jyutping]  ―  Chinese, English and mathematics

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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trad. 英
simp. # 英

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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英

  1. Used in transcription.

Compounds

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Etymology 4

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trad. 英
simp. # 英

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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英

  1. (Hokkien) alternative form of 塕 (eng, “(of dust, sand, etc.) to rise and permeate; to fill the air or get onto something”)

References

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  • “英”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “英”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 269.

Japanese

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Kanji

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英

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. English
  2. flower, petal
  3. hero

Readings

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  • Go-on: よう (yō)、おう (ō)
  • Kan-on: えい (ei, Jōyō)、え (e)
  • Kun: はなぶさ (hanabusa, 英)、はな (hana, 英)、ひいでる (hīderu, 英でる)
  • Nanori: ひで (hide)

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
英
えい
Grade: 4
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 英 (MC 'jaeng).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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英(えい) • (Ei) 

  1. short for 英吉利 (Igirisu): Britain, United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)

Affix

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英(えい) • (ei) 

  1. short for 英吉利 (Igirisu): Britain, United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)
  2. short for 英語 (eigo, “English (language)”)
  3. outstanding; outstanding person
  4. flower; calyx

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 英 (MC 'jaeng).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅙᅧᇰ (Yale: qyèng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] 곳부리 (Yale: kwòspwùlì) 여ᇰ (Yale: yèng)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

英 (eumhun 꽃부리 영 (kkotburi yeong))

  1. hanja form? of 영 : Britain, United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe) (in compounds, in news media)
  2. hanja form? of 영 (“petal”) [affix]

Compounds

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Proper noun

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Hanja in this term
英

英 • (Yeong) (hangeul 영)

  1. (in headlines) short for 英(영)國(국) (Yeongguk): Britain, United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)

Usage notes

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In news headlines, this is often written in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [5]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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英: Hán Việt readings: anh, Anh
英: Nôm readings: anh, yêng

Noun

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英 • (anh)

  1. chữ Hán form of Anh:
    1. United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)
    2. Great Britain (a large island of the United Kingdom in Northern Europe)
    3. England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)
    4. the English language
  2. chữ Nôm form of anh (“older brother”)

References

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